{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1977765440","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/603878","title":"Neighborhood-representing Organizations: How Democratic Are They?","display_name":"Neighborhood-representing Organizations: How Democratic Are They?","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1977765440","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/603878","mag":"1977765440"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1086/603878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/603878","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/603878","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26544713","display_name":"Social Service Review","issn_l":"0037-7961","issn":["0037-7961","1537-5404"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Service Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/bitstreams/2a0a4aca-d191-461f-a7eb-db2e1978a875/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064747391","display_name":"Ram A. Cnaan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1596-4422","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1596-4422"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ram A. Cnaan","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064747391"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.3433,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":82,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9528003,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"65","issue":"4","first_page":"614","last_page":"634"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13291","display_name":"Political Theory and Democracy","score":0.5259000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13291","display_name":"Political Theory and Democracy","score":0.5259000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13624","display_name":"Social Sciences and Policies","score":0.1356000006198883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11239","display_name":"Social Capital and Networks","score":0.13210000097751617,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neighborhood-associations","display_name":"neighborhood associations","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-democracy","display_name":"local democracy","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/participatory-democracy","display_name":"participatory democracy","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representative-democracy","display_name":"representative democracy","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citizen-participation","display_name":"citizen participation","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-law-of-oligarchy","display_name":"iron law of oligarchy","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-democracy","display_name":"organizational democracy","score":0.6480000019073486}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.9051632881164551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522996594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79751","display_name":"Oligarchy","level":4,"score":0.824183464050293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991749311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310988","display_name":"Participatory democracy","level":4,"score":0.7035424709320068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6459853649139404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203663800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848979","display_name":"Citizen journalism","level":2,"score":0.6223911643028259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171368058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188759","display_name":"Representative democracy","level":4,"score":0.5331223607063293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501008422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171174","display_name":"Direct democracy","level":4,"score":0.45249953866004944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4479026794433594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.44675540924072266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.4383935332298279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.3643304109573364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.25902456045150757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1086/603878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/603878","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/603878","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26544713","display_name":"Social Service Review","issn_l":"0037-7961","issn":["0037-7961","1537-5404"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Service Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.upenn.edu:spp_papers-1167","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/spp_papers/154","pdf_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/bitstreams/2a0a4aca-d191-461f-a7eb-db2e1978a875/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196331","display_name":"Scholarly Commons (University of Pennsylvania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","host_organization_name":"University of Pennsylvania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Departmental Papers (SPP)","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.upenn.edu:20.500.14332/47273","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/handle/20.500.14332/47273","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402083","display_name":"ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","host_organization_name":"University of Pennsylvania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"published","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.upenn.edu:spp_papers-1167","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/spp_papers/154","pdf_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/bitstreams/2a0a4aca-d191-461f-a7eb-db2e1978a875/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196331","display_name":"Scholarly Commons (University of Pennsylvania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","host_organization_name":"University of Pennsylvania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Departmental Papers (SPP)","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1977765440.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1977765440.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1487279857","https://openalex.org/W1964227849","https://openalex.org/W1970161196","https://openalex.org/W1982976209","https://openalex.org/W1983750400","https://openalex.org/W2001557951","https://openalex.org/W2327307009","https://openalex.org/W2332022148","https://openalex.org/W2332935161","https://openalex.org/W2334202399"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3036664950","https://openalex.org/W2023601769","https://openalex.org/W2485445444","https://openalex.org/W1598024594","https://openalex.org/W2206388953","https://openalex.org/W2029034164","https://openalex.org/W7097703661","https://openalex.org/W7038880830","https://openalex.org/W2958320888","https://openalex.org/W646641736"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Neighborhood-representing":[0],"organizations":[1],"(NROs)":[2],"are":[3,74,118],"generally":[4],"viewed":[5],"as":[6],"the":[7,29,36,48,58,63,80,90],"most":[8],"authentic":[9],"form":[10],"of":[11,47,50,57,65,82,93,100,104],"citizen":[12],"participation":[13],"and":[14,34,88,107,112,116],"local":[15,30],"democracy.":[16],"In":[17],"this":[18,66,98],"article,":[19],"I":[20,41],"question":[21],"how":[22],"democratic":[23],"NROs":[24,73,85],"actually":[25],"are,":[26],"both":[27],"on":[28],"level":[31,81],"(participatory":[32],"democracy)":[33],"in":[35,52,84],"external":[37],"arena":[38],"(representative":[39],"democracy).":[40],"present":[42],"a":[43],"new":[44],"conceptual":[45],"model":[46,67],"components":[49],"democracy":[51,83,109],"neighborhood":[53],"organizations.":[54],"A":[55],"review":[56],"literature":[59],"is":[60,86,95,110],"presented":[61],"within":[62],"context":[64],"to":[68,70],"show":[69],"what":[71],"extent":[72],"democratic.":[75],"The":[76,102],"findings":[77],"indicate":[78],"that":[79,89],"questionable":[87],"\"iron":[91],"law":[92],"oligarchy\"":[94],"valid":[96],"for":[97,114],"type":[99],"organization.":[101],"problem":[103],"low":[105],"participatory":[106],"representative":[108],"addressed,":[111],"implications":[113],"research":[115],"practice":[117],"discussed.":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}