{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1977358609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.65.2.375","title":"How coping mediates the effect of optimism on distress: A study of women with early stage breast cancer.","display_name":"How coping mediates the effect of optimism on distress: A study of women with early stage breast cancer.","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1977358609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.65.2.375","mag":"1977358609","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8366426"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1037/0022-3514.65.2.375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.65.2.375","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.65.2.375","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S29984966","display_name":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology","issn_l":"0022-3514","issn":["0022-3514","1939-1315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050785530","display_name":"Charles S. Carver","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3688-8545","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3688-8545"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145608581","display_name":"University of Miami","ror":"https://ror.org/02dgjyy92","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles S. Carver","raw_affiliation_strings":["U Miami, Coral Gables, FL, US"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3688-8545","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U Miami, Coral Gables, FL, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006865125","display_name":"Christina Pozo-Kaderman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145608581","display_name":"University of Miami","ror":"https://ror.org/02dgjyy92","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christina Pozo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Miami,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Miami,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022506622","display_name":"Suzanne D. Harris","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145608581","display_name":"University of Miami","ror":"https://ror.org/02dgjyy92","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suzanne D. Harris","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Miami,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Miami,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074989564","display_name":"Victoria Noriega","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145608581","display_name":"University of Miami","ror":"https://ror.org/02dgjyy92","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victoria Noriega","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Miami,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Miami,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161127068","display_name":"Michael F. Scheier","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael F. Scheier","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103109615","display_name":"David S. Robinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5630-8480","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5630-8480"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David S. Robinson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030664077","display_name":"Alfred S. Ketcham","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alfred S. Ketcham","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111873292","display_name":"Frederick L. Moffat","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frederick L. Moffat","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055110387","display_name":"Kimberley C. Clark","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6277-8297","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6277-8297"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kimberley C. Clark","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":42.3989,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1793,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99909502,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"65","issue":"2","first_page":"375","last_page":"390"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12485","display_name":"Optimism, Hope, and Well-being","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12485","display_name":"Optimism, Hope, and Well-being","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10178","display_name":"Cancer survivorship and care","score":0.016100000590085983,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13544","display_name":"Women's cancer prevention and management","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimism","display_name":"optimism","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coping","display_name":"coping","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-distress","display_name":"psychological distress","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer","display_name":"breast cancer","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women","display_name":"women","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acceptance","display_name":"acceptance","score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positive-reframing","display_name":"positive reframing","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/humor","display_name":"humor","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial","display_name":"denial","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavioral-disengagement","display_name":"behavioral disengagement","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mediation","display_name":"mediation","score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation-to-illness","display_name":"adaptation to illness","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dispositional-optimism","display_name":"dispositional optimism","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pessimism","display_name":"pessimism","score":0.953000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204017024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485446","display_name":"Optimism","level":2,"score":0.879854142665863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25740722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044915","display_name":"Disengagement theory","level":2,"score":0.8096722364425659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780900520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q100268981","display_name":"Denial","level":2,"score":0.7959951162338257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73282008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1759895","display_name":"Coping (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.787825345993042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139265228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283089","display_name":"Distress","level":2,"score":0.7744319438934326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7458183765411377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530470458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581","display_name":"Breast cancer","level":3,"score":0.5303094387054443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.5266218781471252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150966472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3410145","display_name":"Psychosocial","level":2,"score":0.5237638354301453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9992130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484954","display_name":"Pessimism","level":2,"score":0.4820864796638489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.3843679428100586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.303813099861145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.25902771949768066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1651376485824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.16158312559127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.12301856279373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000223","descriptor_name":"Adaptation, Psychological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001290","descriptor_name":"Attitude","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009013","descriptor_name":"Morale","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013315","descriptor_name":"Stress, Psychological","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1037/0022-3514.65.2.375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.65.2.375","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.65.2.375","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S29984966","display_name":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology","issn_l":"0022-3514","issn":["0022-3514","1939-1315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1037//0022-3514.65.2.375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.65.2.375","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.65.2.375","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S29984966","display_name":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology","issn_l":"0022-3514","issn":["0022-3514","1939-1315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8366426","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8366426","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of personality and social psychology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9789000153541565,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3275474401","display_name":"PERSONALITY AND CONTEXT EFFECTS ON RECOVERY FROM CABS","funder_award_id":"R01HL044436","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7866086444","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HL44436-01A1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W40929747","https://openalex.org/W1497821452","https://openalex.org/W1530155851","https://openalex.org/W1730256841","https://openalex.org/W1963885963","https://openalex.org/W1968343098","https://openalex.org/W1970484196","https://openalex.org/W1971749549","https://openalex.org/W1974377303","https://openalex.org/W1974914622","https://openalex.org/W1979526082","https://openalex.org/W1980129626","https://openalex.org/W1981142607","https://openalex.org/W1981695782","https://openalex.org/W1983644748","https://openalex.org/W1987721245","https://openalex.org/W1994823381","https://openalex.org/W1998328192","https://openalex.org/W1999964541","https://openalex.org/W2001056293","https://openalex.org/W2006540916","https://openalex.org/W2006764426","https://openalex.org/W2007417151","https://openalex.org/W2014057825","https://openalex.org/W2014878959","https://openalex.org/W2031333860","https://openalex.org/W2032065015","https://openalex.org/W2033773024","https://openalex.org/W2036360823","https://openalex.org/W2038591055","https://openalex.org/W2038943622","https://openalex.org/W2044196853","https://openalex.org/W2055328323","https://openalex.org/W2056933401","https://openalex.org/W2057665264","https://openalex.org/W2064530737","https://openalex.org/W2065115781","https://openalex.org/W2066737818","https://openalex.org/W2069983326","https://openalex.org/W2074955170","https://openalex.org/W2077333409","https://openalex.org/W2082934930","https://openalex.org/W2084190493","https://openalex.org/W2085598592","https://openalex.org/W2086031779","https://openalex.org/W2088344207","https://openalex.org/W2097137621","https://openalex.org/W2106943914","https://openalex.org/W2109382870","https://openalex.org/W2123825006","https://openalex.org/W2134654456","https://openalex.org/W2143315213","https://openalex.org/W2149866950","https://openalex.org/W2150642106","https://openalex.org/W2150824201","https://openalex.org/W2157973215","https://openalex.org/W2158301996","https://openalex.org/W2165167678","https://openalex.org/W2167814667","https://openalex.org/W2170246810","https://openalex.org/W2301512906","https://openalex.org/W2301650428","https://openalex.org/W2315508185","https://openalex.org/W2324053682","https://openalex.org/W2331850304","https://openalex.org/W2411666584","https://openalex.org/W2463962598","https://openalex.org/W2483404556","https://openalex.org/W3217134939","https://openalex.org/W4293179688"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2089405237","https://openalex.org/W2124993452","https://openalex.org/W2149625198","https://openalex.org/W2070821413","https://openalex.org/W1968146048","https://openalex.org/W1528770037","https://openalex.org/W2065407113","https://openalex.org/W2737231509","https://openalex.org/W2261320003","https://openalex.org/W2799519662"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"At":[0],"diagnosis,":[1],"59":[2],"breast":[3],"cancer":[4],"patients":[5],"reported":[6,27],"on":[7,101,105],"their":[8,28],"overall":[9],"optimism":[10,100,122],"about":[11],"life;":[12],"1":[13],"day":[14],"presurgery,":[15],"10":[16],"days":[17],"postsurgery,":[18],"and":[19,23,32,51,62,71,81,131],"at":[20,40],"3-,":[21],"6-,":[22],"12-month":[24],"follow-ups,":[25],"they":[26],"recent":[29],"coping":[30,59,91,110],"responses":[31],"distress":[33,39],"levels.":[34],"Optimism":[35],"related":[36],"inversely":[37],"to":[38,126],"each":[41],"point,":[42],"even":[43],"controlling":[44],"for":[45],"prior":[46],"distress.":[47,85,102],"Acceptance,":[48],"positive":[49],"reframing,":[50],"use":[52,73],"of":[53,74,99,108,115],"religion":[54],"were":[55,65],"the":[56,66,72,97,106,113,117],"most":[57],"common":[58,68],"reactions;":[60],"denial":[61,80],"behavioral":[63],"disengagement":[64,82],"least":[67],"reactions.":[69],"Acceptance":[70],"humor":[75],"prospectively":[76],"predicted":[77,83],"lower":[78],"distress;":[79],"more":[84],"Path":[86],"analyses":[87],"suggested":[88],"that":[89],"several":[90],"reactions":[92,111],"played":[93],"mediating":[94],"roles":[95],"in":[96,112],"effect":[98],"Discussion":[103],"centers":[104],"role":[107],"various":[109],"process":[114],"adjustment,":[116],"mechanisms":[118],"by":[119],"which":[120],"dispositional":[121],"versus":[123],"pessimism":[124],"appears":[125],"operate,":[127],"third":[128],"variable":[129],"issues,":[130],"applied":[132],"implications.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":55},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":53},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":71},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":61},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":80},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":98}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
