{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1977211537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2190/hs.40.1.j","title":"The Adverse Effects of International Monetary Fund Programs on the Health and Education Workforce","display_name":"The Adverse Effects of International Monetary Fund Programs on the Health and Education Workforce","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1977211537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2190/hs.40.1.j","mag":"1977211537","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20198810"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2190/hs.40.1.j","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2190/hs.40.1.j","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2190/hs.40.1.j","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120541213","display_name":"International Journal of Health Services","issn_l":"0020-7314","issn":["0020-7314","1541-4469"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ki-jl-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Health Services","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067917061","display_name":"Akanksha Abhay Marphatia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4277-435X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4277-435X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298563314","display_name":"ActionAid","ror":"https://ror.org/01pgn1y88","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298563314"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Akanksha A. Marphatia","raw_affiliation_strings":["ActionAid International, London, United Kingdom. akanksha_marphatia@post.harvard.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ActionAid International, London, United Kingdom. akanksha_marphatia@post.harvard.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298563314"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067917061"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298563314"],"apc_list":{"value":4400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.2554,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96610371,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"1","first_page":"165","last_page":"178"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11168","display_name":"International Development and Aid","score":0.5536999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11168","display_name":"International Development and Aid","score":0.5536999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13503","display_name":"Gender, Health, and Social Inequality","score":0.1348000019788742,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13040","display_name":"Gender, Education, and Development Issues","score":0.07339999824762344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-monetary-fund","display_name":"International Monetary Fund","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wage-ceiling","display_name":"wage ceiling","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healthcare-workers","display_name":"healthcare workers","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/education-workforce","display_name":"education workforce","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-health","display_name":"women's health","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-equality","display_name":"gender equality","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-sector-investment","display_name":"social sector investment","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neoliberalism","display_name":"neoliberalism","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macroeconomic-policy","display_name":"macroeconomic policy","score":0.871999979019165}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778139618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13440398","display_name":"Workforce","level":2,"score":0.630012035369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199728807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2578557","display_name":"Equity (law)","level":2,"score":0.5821799635887146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.46778926253318787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777388388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6821213","display_name":"Wage","level":2,"score":0.4671708047389984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.4596395790576935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.44860365986824036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.40985429286956787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.39899495244026184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.3410407304763794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2393254041671753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003906","descriptor_name":"Developing Countries","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003906","descriptor_name":"Developing Countries","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004651","descriptor_name":"Employment","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005178","descriptor_name":"Faculty","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006282","descriptor_name":"Health Personnel","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006282","descriptor_name":"Health Personnel","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012456","descriptor_name":"Salaries and Fringe Benefits","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014480","descriptor_name":"United Nations","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014480","descriptor_name":"United Nations","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016387","descriptor_name":"Women's Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017150","descriptor_name":"Public Sector","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2190/hs.40.1.j","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2190/hs.40.1.j","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2190/hs.40.1.j","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120541213","display_name":"International Journal of Health Services","issn_l":"0020-7314","issn":["0020-7314","1541-4469"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ki-jl-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Health Services","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:20198810","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20198810","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of health services : planning, administration, evaluation","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.9865000247955322},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty","score":0.8928999900817871},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.428600013256073}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307856","display_name":"World Health Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/01f80g185"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W155815206","https://openalex.org/W618913115","https://openalex.org/W1505666925","https://openalex.org/W1576411070","https://openalex.org/W1956231115","https://openalex.org/W2000320737","https://openalex.org/W2006817857","https://openalex.org/W2065680412","https://openalex.org/W2110274609","https://openalex.org/W2120176799","https://openalex.org/W2170630385","https://openalex.org/W2182936847","https://openalex.org/W2535877684","https://openalex.org/W2588668167","https://openalex.org/W2623459536","https://openalex.org/W3123445327","https://openalex.org/W3123802129","https://openalex.org/W3123809589","https://openalex.org/W3124601770","https://openalex.org/W3125227899","https://openalex.org/W3140044363","https://openalex.org/W4229827326","https://openalex.org/W4230632305","https://openalex.org/W4244548095","https://openalex.org/W4255065676","https://openalex.org/W4255709600"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7100328962","https://openalex.org/W4280571611","https://openalex.org/W7038181970","https://openalex.org/W4396645494","https://openalex.org/W4403129490","https://openalex.org/W7202035324","https://openalex.org/W4387423140","https://openalex.org/W7133915384","https://openalex.org/W2892056732","https://openalex.org/W2979862740"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Decades":[0],"of":[1,20,30,69,78,84,104,164,187,193,231],"underinvestment":[2],"in":[3,7,57,90,202],"public":[4],"sectors":[5],"and":[6,9,17,44,87,144,156,166,175,204,215,219,224],"teachers":[8,43],"health":[10,16,45,205],"workers":[11],"have":[12,74,135],"adversely":[13,127],"affected":[14],"the":[15,33,60,76,94,123,131,161,185,191,222,229,232],"educational":[18],"outcomes":[19,169],"women.":[21],"This":[22],"is":[23,47,55,65],"partly":[24],"explained":[25],"by":[26,50,118],"a":[27,35],"general":[28],"lack":[29],"resources.":[31],"However,":[32],"amount":[34],"country":[36],"can":[37,198],"spend":[38],"on":[39],"social":[40,91,168,188],"sectors,":[41],"including":[42],"workers,":[46],"also":[48],"determined":[49],"its":[51,102],"macroeconomic":[52,119,151,194],"framework,":[53],"which":[54,207],"set":[56],"agreement":[58],"with":[59,221],"International":[61],"Monetary":[62],"Fund.":[63],"There":[64],"now":[66],"ample":[67],"evidence":[68],"how":[70],"IMF-imposed":[71],"wage":[72,99],"ceilings":[73,100],"constrained":[75],"ability":[77],"governments":[79],"to":[80,111,146,172,227],"hire":[81],"adequate":[82],"numbers":[83],"trained":[85],"professionals":[86],"increase":[88],"investment":[89,201],"sectors.":[92],"Though":[93],"IMF":[95],"has":[96,108],"recently":[97],"removed":[98],"from":[101],"basket":[103],"conditions,":[105],"little":[106],"change":[107],"taken":[109],"place":[110],"ensure":[112],"that":[113,183],"women":[114,165,218],"are":[115,125,153,208],"better":[116],"supported":[117],"policies":[120,134,152,182,197],"or,":[121],"at":[122,190],"least,":[124],"less":[126],"affected.":[128],"Thus":[129],"far,":[130],"IMF's":[132],"neoliberal":[133],"either":[136],"ignored":[137],"gender":[138,213],"concerns":[139],"or":[140],"instrumentalized":[141],"equity,":[142],"health,":[143],"education":[145,203],"support":[147],"economic":[148,234],"development.":[149],"Unless":[150],"more":[154],"flexible":[155],"deliberately":[157],"take":[158],"into":[159],"account":[160],"different":[162],"needs":[163],"men,":[167],"will":[170],"continue":[171],"be":[173],"poor":[174],"inequitable.":[176],"Governments":[177],"must":[178],"pursue":[179],"alternative,":[180],"feminist":[181],"put":[184],"goals":[186],"equity":[189],"center":[192],"policy.":[195],"These":[196],"facilitate":[199],"increased":[200],"care,":[206],"vital":[209],"measures":[210],"for":[211],"achieving":[212],"equality":[214],"providing":[216],"both":[217],"men":[220],"skills":[223],"training":[225],"needed":[226],"soften":[228],"impact":[230],"current":[233],"crisis.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
