{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1976973159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648x.1994.9721505","title":"INCARCERATION AND HIV RISK BEHAVIORS AMONG INJECTION DRUG USERS: A MIDWESTERN CASE STUDY","display_name":"INCARCERATION AND HIV RISK BEHAVIORS AMONG INJECTION DRUG USERS: A MIDWESTERN CASE STUDY","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1976973159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648x.1994.9721505","mag":"1976973159"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/0735648x.1994.9721505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648x.1994.9721505","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648x.1994.9721505","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175674","display_name":"Journal of Crime and Justice","issn_l":"0735-648X","issn":["0735-648X","2158-9119"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Crime and Justice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://works.bepress.com/robert_carlson/8","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091090436","display_name":"Harvey Alan Siegal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19648265","display_name":"Wright State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qk6pt94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19648265"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harvey A. Siegal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wright State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wright State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19648265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103073952","display_name":"Jichuan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8414-9432","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8414-9432"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19648265","display_name":"Wright State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qk6pt94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19648265"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jichuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wright State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wright State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19648265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023247672","display_name":"Mary Ann Forney","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19648265","display_name":"Wright State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qk6pt94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19648265"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mary Ann Forney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wright State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wright State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19648265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045144853","display_name":"R\u00fcssel S. Falck","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19648265","display_name":"Wright State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qk6pt94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19648265"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Russel S. Falck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wright State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wright State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19648265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011025474","display_name":"Robert Gideon Carlson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4244-0173","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4244-0173"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19648265","display_name":"Wright State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qk6pt94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19648265"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert G. Carlson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wright State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wright State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19648265"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035244227","display_name":"Duane C. McBride","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7236-9929","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7236-9929"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102298084","display_name":"Andrews University","ror":"https://ror.org/04aaa2n62","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102298084"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Duane C. McBride","raw_affiliation_strings":["Andrews University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Andrews University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102298084"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6708,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67470086,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"1","first_page":"85","last_page":"101"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11860","display_name":"HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11860","display_name":"HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10318","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis","score":0.011500000022351742,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10043","display_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/people-who-inject-drugs","display_name":"people who inject drugs","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-risk-behavior","display_name":"HIV risk behavior","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incarceration","display_name":"incarceration","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prison-sentence","display_name":"prison sentence","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-justice-system","display_name":"criminal justice system","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crack-cocaine","display_name":"crack cocaine","score":0.4950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-prevention","display_name":"HIV prevention","score":0.35100001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/condom-use","display_name":"condom use","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/needle-sharing","display_name":"needle sharing","score":0.8190000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780656516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40357","display_name":"Prison","level":2,"score":0.8261139392852783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102587632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117488","display_name":"Criminal justice","level":2,"score":0.6726198196411133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778903686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60168","display_name":"Heroin","level":3,"score":0.6376376152038574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5981647968292236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992229481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070100","display_name":"Criminal history","level":2,"score":0.5119756460189819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.49594220519065857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777329821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3184856","display_name":"Drug user","level":3,"score":0.47903361916542053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.47690916061401367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.46102672815322876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.45485639572143555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4269416630268097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.4246174693107605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.3916929066181183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.36651378870010376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.29542067646980286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2699066400527954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.25464344024658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.06865260004997253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/0735648x.1994.9721505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648x.1994.9721505","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648x.1994.9721505","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175674","display_name":"Journal of Crime and Justice","issn_l":"0735-648X","issn":["0735-648X","2158-9119"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Crime and Justice","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:corescholar.libraries.wright.edu:aids-1028","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/aids/28","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400146","display_name":"CORE Scholar (Wright State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I19648265","host_organization_name":"Wright State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19648265"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"AIDS Prevention Research Project","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.andrews.edu:pubs-3583","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0735648X.1994.9721505","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196503","display_name":"Digital Commons - Andrews University (Andrews University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I102298084","host_organization_name":"Andrews University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102298084"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Publications","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:works.bepress.com:robert_carlson-10022","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://works.bepress.com/robert_carlson/205","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400146","display_name":"CORE Scholar (Wright State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I19648265","host_organization_name":"Wright State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19648265"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Robert G. Carlson","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:works.bepress.com:robert_carlson-1007","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://works.bepress.com/robert_carlson/8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737205702","display_name":"Journal of Bioresource Management","issn_l":"2309-3854","issn":["2309-3854"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","erih-plus"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316536","host_organization_name":"Bioresource Research Center (BRC), Islamabad","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316536"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bioresource Research Center (BRC), Islamabad"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Robert G. Carlson","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:works.bepress.com:robert_carlson-1007","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://works.bepress.com/robert_carlson/8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737205702","display_name":"Journal of Bioresource Management","issn_l":"2309-3854","issn":["2309-3854"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","erih-plus"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316536","host_organization_name":"Bioresource Research Center (BRC), Islamabad","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316536"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bioresource Research Center (BRC), Islamabad"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Robert G. Carlson","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9789000153541565,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.7297000288963318,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W184441867","https://openalex.org/W651321668","https://openalex.org/W1763515673","https://openalex.org/W1976992382","https://openalex.org/W1985792044","https://openalex.org/W1995714234","https://openalex.org/W2003234947","https://openalex.org/W2005807233","https://openalex.org/W2012958975","https://openalex.org/W2017038723","https://openalex.org/W2034697876","https://openalex.org/W2035142627","https://openalex.org/W2039587830","https://openalex.org/W2044455632","https://openalex.org/W2045996858","https://openalex.org/W2058045671","https://openalex.org/W2061074189","https://openalex.org/W2131291880","https://openalex.org/W2142368901","https://openalex.org/W2182898311","https://openalex.org/W2327987475","https://openalex.org/W2796771158","https://openalex.org/W4206203600","https://openalex.org/W4299603079"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2025962808","https://openalex.org/W2000632268","https://openalex.org/W2045071517","https://openalex.org/W2095865704","https://openalex.org/W2153465208","https://openalex.org/W2087296156","https://openalex.org/W1978965746","https://openalex.org/W1987018657","https://openalex.org/W2059234787","https://openalex.org/W7098215963"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"statistics":[1],"indicate":[2,133],"that":[3,134],"injection":[4,90,115],"drug":[5,89,111],"users":[6,11],"(IDUs)":[7],"and":[8,51,126,177],"crack":[9],"cocaine":[10],"are":[12],"increasingly":[13],"coming":[14],"into":[15],"contact":[16],"with":[17,33,137],"the":[18,34,37,43,80,138,161,168,173,193],"criminal":[19,162],"justice":[20,163],"system.":[21],"A":[22,67],"number":[23,68,157],"of":[24,36,47,53,62,69,104,116,124,158,175],"these":[25],"individuals":[26],"engage":[27],"in":[28,83,150,192],"high":[29],"risk":[30,49,141,186],"behaviors":[31,142,187],"associated":[32],"transmission":[35],"AIDS":[38,178],"virus.":[39],"This":[40],"study":[41],"examines":[42],"relationship":[44],"between":[45],"level":[46],"HIV":[48,70,140,185],"behavior":[50],"history":[52,103],"exposure":[54],"to":[55,75,79,88,147,166],"jail":[56],"or":[57,119],"prison":[58],"using":[59,128],"a":[60,102,109,155],"sample":[61],"879":[63],"midwestem,":[64],"not-in-treatment":[65],"IDUs.":[66],"high-risk":[71],"variables":[72],"were":[73,143],"found":[74],"be":[76,167],"significantly":[77],"related":[78],"IDUs\u2019":[81],"time":[82,149],"jail,":[84],"including:":[85],"(1)":[86],"initiation":[87],"at":[91],"an":[92,105],"early":[93],"age,":[94],"(2)":[95],"having":[96,101],"multiple":[97],"sex":[98],"partners,":[99],"(3)":[100],"STD,":[106],"(4)":[107],"being":[108],"daily":[110,114],"user,":[112],"(5)":[113],"cocaine,":[117],"heroin,":[118],"speedball,":[120],"(6)":[121],"inconsistent":[122],"use":[123],"condoms,":[125],"(7)":[127],"rented":[129],"needles.":[130],"Our":[131],"data":[132],"active":[135],"IDUs":[136],"highest":[139],"those":[144],"most":[145,169],"likely":[146],"spend":[148],"jail.":[151],"Because":[152],"it":[153],"reaches":[154],"large":[156],"at-risk":[159],"IDUs,":[160],"system":[164],"appears":[165],"logical":[170],"place":[171],"for":[172],"implementation":[174],"dnig":[176],"prevention/intervention":[179],"programs.":[180],"Public":[181],"health":[182],"initiatives":[183],"on":[184],"should":[188],"have":[189],"priority":[190],"status":[191],"penal":[194],"institutions.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
