{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1976868752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01704","title":"Magmatic and amagmatic seafloor generation at the ultraslow-spreading Gakkel ridge, Arctic Ocean","display_name":"Magmatic and amagmatic seafloor generation at the ultraslow-spreading Gakkel ridge, Arctic Ocean","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1976868752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01704","mag":"1976868752","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12827193"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/nature01704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01704","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01704","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137773608","display_name":"Nature","issn_l":"0028-0836","issn":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:3224741","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085661740","display_name":"Peter J. Michael","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2829-9502","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2829-9502"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87208437","display_name":"University of Tulsa","ror":"https://ror.org/04wn28048","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87208437"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"P. J. Michael","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geosciences, The University of Tulsa, 600 College Avenue, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, USA. pjm@utulsa.edu","Department of Geosciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geosciences, The University of Tulsa, 600 College Avenue, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, USA. pjm@utulsa.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87208437"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geosciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87208437"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009983783","display_name":"Charles H. Langmuir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9399-8401","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9399-8401"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. H. Langmuir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA","Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University,  Cambridge, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University,  Cambridge, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028488670","display_name":"H. J. Dick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0225-1439","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0225-1439"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66958751","display_name":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution","ror":"https://ror.org/03zbnzt98","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66958751"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. J. B. Dick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 02543, USA","Department of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 02543, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66958751"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66958751"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040613208","display_name":"J. E. Snow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4244-7700","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4244-7700"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","display_name":"Max Planck Society","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhn8329","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113422","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Chemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/02f5b7n18","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210113422"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. E. Snow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Chemie, Postfach 3060, 55020, Mainz, Germany","Geochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Max Planck Society"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Chemie, Postfach 3060, 55020, Mainz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Max Planck Society","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210113422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001784726","display_name":"S. L. Goldstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7252-8064","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7252-8064"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152304114","display_name":"Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2tgs60","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152304114","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. L. Goldstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, New York, 10964, USA","Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Palisades New York USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, New York, 10964, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152304114"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Palisades New York USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152304114"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069188223","display_name":"David W. Graham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7411-1905","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7411-1905"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. W. Graham","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA","College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences; Oregon State University; Corvallis USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences; Oregon State University; Corvallis USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057736062","display_name":"Kerstin Annette Lehnert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7036-1977","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7036-1977"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152304114","display_name":"Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2tgs60","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152304114","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Lehnert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, New York, 10964, USA","Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Palisades New York USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, New York, 10964, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152304114"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Palisades New York USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152304114"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010208132","display_name":"Gregory J. Kurras","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","display_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","ror":"https://ror.org/01wspgy28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331384533","display_name":"University of Hawaii System","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzaeb71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331384533"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Kurras","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii, 1680 East-West Road, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, USA","School of Ocean & Earth Science & Technology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii, 1680 East-West Road, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899","https://openalex.org/I1331384533"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Ocean & Earth Science & Technology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899","https://openalex.org/I1331384533"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039996849","display_name":"Wilfried Jokat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7793-5854","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7793-5854"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127251866","display_name":"Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Polar- und Meeresforschung","ror":"https://ror.org/032e6b942","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127251866","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Jokat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Columbusstrasse, D27568, Bremerhaven, Germany","Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Columbusstrasse Bremerhaven Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Columbusstrasse, D27568, Bremerhaven, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127251866"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Columbusstrasse Bremerhaven Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127251866"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019634622","display_name":"Richard M\u00fche","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32021983","display_name":"Christian-Albrechts-Universit\u00e4t zu Kiel","ror":"https://ror.org/04v76ef78","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. M\u00fche","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geosciences, University of Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24118, Kiel, Germany","Institute of Geosciences; University of Kiel; Kiel Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geosciences, University of Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24118, Kiel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geosciences; University of Kiel; Kiel Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076122629","display_name":"H. N. Edmonds","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405282909","display_name":"University of Texas at Austin Marine Science Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00n7bxg43","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405282909","https://openalex.org/I86519309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. N. Edmonds","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, Texas, 78373-5015, USA","Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin,Port Aransas,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, Texas, 78373-5015, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405282909","https://openalex.org/I86519309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin,Port Aransas,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405282909","https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":13,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085661740"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87208437"],"apc_list":{"value":12690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":12690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":27.314,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":445,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9976985,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"423","issue":"6943","first_page":"956","last_page":"961"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13177","display_name":"Geological and Geophysical Studies","score":0.8740000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13177","display_name":"Geological and Geophysical Studies","score":0.8740000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10001","display_name":"Geological and Geochemical Analysis","score":0.0917000025510788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1906","display_name":"Geochemistry and Petrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13193","display_name":"Geological Studies and Exploration","score":0.020999999716877937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gakkel-ridge","display_name":"Gakkel Ridge","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ridge-axis","display_name":"ridge axis","score":0.5090000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ridge-segmentation","display_name":"ridge segmentation","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mantle-melting","display_name":"mantle melting","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/melt-segregation","display_name":"melt segregation","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrothermal-activity","display_name":"hydrothermal activity","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magmatism","display_name":"magmatism","score":0.49000000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/faulting","display_name":"faulting","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arctic-ocean","display_name":"Arctic Ocean","score":0.7289999723434448}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.7921309471130371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51151373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104698","display_name":"Mid-ocean ridge","level":3,"score":0.7502835988998413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67236022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4364434","display_name":"Mantle (geology)","level":2,"score":0.7473412156105042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117485682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215920","display_name":"Seafloor spreading","level":2,"score":0.7362926602363586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162973429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1467769","display_name":"Magmatism","level":3,"score":0.6800923347473145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32277403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740445","display_name":"Ridge","level":2,"score":0.6242691278457642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120806208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8072","display_name":"Volcano","level":2,"score":0.5874291658401489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6363049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q505748","display_name":"Volcanism","level":3,"score":0.5330262184143066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1898230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q867648","display_name":"Hydrothermal vent","level":3,"score":0.5025777816772461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17409809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161764","display_name":"Geochemistry","level":1,"score":0.48886245489120483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3048935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7332719","display_name":"Ridge push","level":4,"score":0.4856637716293335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156622251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1036221","display_name":"Hydrothermal circulation","level":2,"score":0.4610087275505066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146481406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105131","display_name":"Hotspot (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4580473303794861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161509811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43338","display_name":"Basalt","level":2,"score":0.4525260031223297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518008717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25322","display_name":"Arctic","level":2,"score":0.4191816449165344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1965285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8008","display_name":"Earth science","level":1,"score":0.3669986128807068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.294070839881897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.27971532940864563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.2201421558856964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77928131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193343","display_name":"Tectonics","level":2,"score":0.21758714318275452}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":10,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/nature01704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01704","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01704","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137773608","display_name":"Nature","issn_l":"0028-0836","issn":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12827193","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12827193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oceanrep.geomar.de:33364","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://oceanrep.geomar.de/33364/1/gakkel.pdf","pdf_url":"http://oceanrep.geomar.de/33364/1/gakkel.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400264","display_name":"Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I34403800","host_organization_name":"GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34403800"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Nature, 423 (6943). pp. 956-961.","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dash.harvard.edu:1/3224741","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:3224741","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401540","display_name":"Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","host_organization_name":"Harvard University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.lsu.edu:geo_pubs-2001","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/geo_pubs/1002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169993","display_name":"Civil War Book Review","issn_l":"1528-6592","issn":["1528-6592"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315936","host_organization_name":"Louisiana State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315936"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Louisiana State University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Publications","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.lsu.edu:geo_pubs-2001","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.lsu.edu/geo_pubs/1002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169993","display_name":"Civil War Book Review","issn_l":"1528-6592","issn":["1528-6592"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315936","host_organization_name":"Louisiana State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315936"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Louisiana State University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Publications","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:nat:nature:v:423:y:2003:i:6943:d:10.1038_nature01704","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/nature01704","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:edoc.mpg.de:120089","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://edoc.mpg.de/120089","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922265","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Nature, v.423, 956-961 (2003)","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:epic.awi.de:8602","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/8602/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400378","display_name":"Helmholtz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Polar-und Meeresforschung (Alfred-Wegener-Institut)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799732068","host_organization_name":"Royal Prince Alfred Hospital","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799732068"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.mpg.de:item_1830793","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-8EB4-E","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400654","display_name":"MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","host_organization_name":"Max Planck Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dash.harvard.edu:1/3224741","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:3224741","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401540","display_name":"Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","host_organization_name":"Harvard University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322434","display_name":"Max-Planck-Gesellschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhn8329"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W14108998","https://openalex.org/W609611241","https://openalex.org/W1498987157","https://openalex.org/W1512282166","https://openalex.org/W1534791926","https://openalex.org/W1609286712","https://openalex.org/W1829026117","https://openalex.org/W1965649232","https://openalex.org/W1970548406","https://openalex.org/W1977546326","https://openalex.org/W1989313109","https://openalex.org/W1990814837","https://openalex.org/W1990982899","https://openalex.org/W1992867041","https://openalex.org/W1993079962","https://openalex.org/W1993409945","https://openalex.org/W1996368872","https://openalex.org/W2002278475","https://openalex.org/W2009780119","https://openalex.org/W2009908436","https://openalex.org/W2012556758","https://openalex.org/W2013841428","https://openalex.org/W2016159174","https://openalex.org/W2019549339","https://openalex.org/W2023186633","https://openalex.org/W2024618750","https://openalex.org/W2026477496","https://openalex.org/W2040295661","https://openalex.org/W2041169676","https://openalex.org/W2042061503","https://openalex.org/W2042423268","https://openalex.org/W2060472760","https://openalex.org/W2074072796","https://openalex.org/W2079384032","https://openalex.org/W2079782510","https://openalex.org/W2080536144","https://openalex.org/W2082979434","https://openalex.org/W2083795494","https://openalex.org/W2090416219","https://openalex.org/W2093588474","https://openalex.org/W2115421030","https://openalex.org/W2130833734","https://openalex.org/W2135494568","https://openalex.org/W2146769027","https://openalex.org/W2156058293","https://openalex.org/W3103104081"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2253790476","https://openalex.org/W2082979434","https://openalex.org/W1583053439","https://openalex.org/W1598698586","https://openalex.org/W569180965","https://openalex.org/W295218777","https://openalex.org/W2992606828","https://openalex.org/W2009780119","https://openalex.org/W7018210653","https://openalex.org/W2337756639"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":21}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}