{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1976646191","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/52.2.416","title":"From Private to Public: Reexamining the Technological Basis for Copyright","display_name":"From Private to Public: Reexamining the Technological Basis for Copyright","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1976646191","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/52.2.416","mag":"1976646191"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/joc/52.2.416","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/52.2.416","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/52.2.416","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107737141","display_name":"Journal of Communication","issn_l":"0021-9916","issn":["0021-9916","1460-2466"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-4","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Communication","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044067904","display_name":"Matt Jackson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I592451","display_name":"Indiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kg8sb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. Jackson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Matt Jackson (PhD, Indiana University) is an assistant professor in the College of Communications, Pennsylvania State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Matt Jackson (PhD, Indiana University) is an assistant professor in the College of Communications, Pennsylvania State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044067904"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515","https://openalex.org/I592451"],"apc_list":{"value":4235,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4235},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.0508,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97383358,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"52","issue":"2","first_page":"416","last_page":"433"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13842","display_name":"Intellectual Property Law","score":0.5562000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13842","display_name":"Intellectual Property Law","score":0.5562000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14457","display_name":"Intellectual Property Rights and Media","score":0.39010000228881836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14386","display_name":"Libraries, Manuscripts, and Books","score":0.019099999219179153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/printing-press","display_name":"printing press","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technological-determinism","display_name":"technological determinism","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/printing-privileges","display_name":"printing privileges","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/merchant-class","display_name":"merchant class","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protestant-reformation","display_name":"Reformation","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protectionism","display_name":"protectionism","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-domain","display_name":"public domain","score":0.4740000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copyright-law-history","display_name":"copyright law history","score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/publishers","display_name":"publishers","score":0.4449999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512654426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19652","display_name":"Public domain","level":2,"score":0.5998347401618958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5911517143249512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1370556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81009","display_name":"Rhetoric","level":2,"score":0.5898162722587585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80457461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q605434","display_name":"Technological determinism","level":2,"score":0.5593798160552979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.5460351705551147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22241219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179073","display_name":"Protectionism","level":2,"score":0.5440106391906738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987650672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1297822","display_name":"Copyright law","level":3,"score":0.48375964164733887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.42725974321365356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34974158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131257","display_name":"Intellectual property","level":2,"score":0.4155004620552063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.414175808429718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.38180601596832275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2887192964553833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.28419387340545654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.13181275129318237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.10610693693161011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/joc/52.2.416","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/52.2.416","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/52.2.416","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107737141","display_name":"Journal of Communication","issn_l":"0021-9916","issn":["0021-9916","1460-2466"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-4","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Communication","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2002.tb02553.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2002.tb02553.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2002.tb02553.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107737141","display_name":"Journal of Communication","issn_l":"0021-9916","issn":["0021-9916","1460-2466"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-4","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Communication","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5473999977111816,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W301354919","https://openalex.org/W564235355","https://openalex.org/W575204693","https://openalex.org/W580494992","https://openalex.org/W591743114","https://openalex.org/W636202969","https://openalex.org/W1492139967","https://openalex.org/W1591163670","https://openalex.org/W1958789107","https://openalex.org/W1971101574","https://openalex.org/W1981174677","https://openalex.org/W1986407812","https://openalex.org/W1987189007","https://openalex.org/W2018630519","https://openalex.org/W2026039122","https://openalex.org/W2029837048","https://openalex.org/W2047656735","https://openalex.org/W2333722552","https://openalex.org/W2778590425","https://openalex.org/W2798643067","https://openalex.org/W3048753507"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7066875672","https://openalex.org/W2388332595","https://openalex.org/W4246972542","https://openalex.org/W1488784782","https://openalex.org/W4292400381","https://openalex.org/W7144722286","https://openalex.org/W2260203372","https://openalex.org/W4241992376","https://openalex.org/W4236400764","https://openalex.org/W6989247347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"calls":[2],"into":[3],"question":[4],"the":[5,10,13,19,26,30,43,53,60,68,74,84,88,97,103,115],"technologically":[6,98],"determinist":[7,99],"view":[8],"that":[9,101],"invention":[11],"of":[12,21,25,70,77,90],"printing":[14,45,54],"press":[15],"inevitably":[16],"led":[17],"to":[18,37,66,82,117],"development":[20],"copyright.":[22,78],"The":[23],"rise":[24],"merchant":[27],"class":[28],"and":[29,72,112,123],"Reformation":[31],"created":[32,56],"a":[33],"political":[34],"environment":[35],"favorable":[36],"protectionist":[38],"trade":[39],"measures":[40],"such":[41],"as":[42,48],"early":[44],"privileges.":[46],"Later,":[47],"public":[49],"sentiment":[50],"turned":[51],"against":[52],"monopolies":[55],"by":[57,96],"these":[58],"privileges,":[59],"first":[61],"copyright":[62,91,125],"law":[63,116],"was":[64],"passed":[65],"limit":[67],"power":[69],"publishers":[71],"eliminate":[73],"private":[75],"administration":[76],"Policy":[79],"makers":[80],"need":[81],"understand":[83],"historical":[85],"circumstances":[86],"surrounding":[87],"origins":[89],"rather":[92],"than":[93],"be":[94],"swayed":[95],"rhetoric":[100],"frames":[102],"current":[104],"debate.":[105],"Copyright":[106],"owners":[107],"are":[108],"now":[109],"using":[110],"technology":[111],"changes":[113],"in":[114],"expand":[118],"their":[119],"control":[120],"over":[121],"content":[122],"privatize":[124],"once":[126],"more.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}