{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1976561914","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e31817885a1","title":"The Dromedary Sign\u2014An Unusual Capnograph Tracing","display_name":"The Dromedary Sign\u2014An Unusual Capnograph Tracing","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1976561914","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e31817885a1","mag":"1976561914","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18580185"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/aln.0b013e31817885a1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e31817885a1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e31817885a1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124035732","display_name":"Anesthesiology","issn_l":"0003-3022","issn":["0003-3022","1528-1175"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Anesthesiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044296441","display_name":"Ronald Jaffe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0443-495X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0443-495X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard\u00a0A. Jaffe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor","Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5640, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5640, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029440149","display_name":"Jason A Talavera","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason\u00a0A. Talavera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Student, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Student, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009803782","display_name":"Jennifer M. Hah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9739-3968","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9739-3968"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer\u00a0M. Hah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Resident, Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Resident, Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053490511","display_name":"John G. Brock\u2010Utne","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John\u00a0G. Brock-Utne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6512,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84188138,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"109","issue":"1","first_page":"149","last_page":"150"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10436","display_name":"Anesthesia and Sedative Agents","score":0.3472000062465668,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10436","display_name":"Anesthesia and Sedative Agents","score":0.3472000062465668,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12930","display_name":"Biomedical and Chemical Research","score":0.22050000727176666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10830","display_name":"Airway Management and Intubation Techniques","score":0.13420000672340393,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-tidal-carbon-dioxide","display_name":"end-tidal carbon dioxide","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moyamoya-disease","display_name":"moyamoya disease","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/craniotomy","display_name":"craniotomy","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co2-monitoring","display_name":"CO2 monitoring","score":0.38999998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebral-ischemia-reperfusion-injury","display_name":"cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury","score":0.492000013589859}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8612661957740784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139676723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.7702114582061768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138673069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322229","display_name":"Tracing","level":2,"score":0.6887765526771545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.09060722589492798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.05389893054962158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002162","descriptor_name":"Camelus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004868","descriptor_name":"Equipment Failure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019296","descriptor_name":"Capnography","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019296","descriptor_name":"Capnography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019296","descriptor_name":"Capnography","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/aln.0b013e31817885a1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e31817885a1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e31817885a1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124035732","display_name":"Anesthesiology","issn_l":"0003-3022","issn":["0003-3022","1528-1175"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Anesthesiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:18580185","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18580185","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Anesthesiology","raw_type":"Case Reports"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/case-report","display_name":"Case Report"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2011552065","https://openalex.org/W2031931327","https://openalex.org/W2065238273","https://openalex.org/W2410364350","https://openalex.org/W2432395738"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2550904448","https://openalex.org/W2916949347","https://openalex.org/W2531176096","https://openalex.org/W4385630739","https://openalex.org/W2007962046","https://openalex.org/W4408687058","https://openalex.org/W2765167850","https://openalex.org/W2046175470","https://openalex.org/W2062610963","https://openalex.org/W2031931327"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABNORMAL":[0],"capnographs":[1],"are":[2,732],"not":[3,137,404],"unusual":[4],"in":[5,14,45,340,350,428,519,551,689,792,874,925,1040,1049,1053,1069,1087,1100,1120,1140,1199],"clinical":[6,127,1177],"anesthesia.":[7,655],"These":[8],"typically":[9],"result":[10,734,772,851,896,1048,1096],"from":[11,28,374,608,703,1196],"uneven":[12],"ventilation":[13,906],"patients":[15],"with":[16,82,101,174,245,279,360,413,479,1125],"lung":[17],"disease.":[18],"Previous":[19],"reports":[20],"also":[21,570],"have":[22,729],"noted":[23,285,603],"abnormal":[24,78,120,276,578,676],"capnograph":[25,80,236,277,579,617,677,865,1071],"tracings":[26],"resulting":[27,48,126],"loose":[29,748],"connections":[30,348],"between":[31,751,900,1018],"the":[32,39,46,67,114,125,140,213,221,249,272,341,345,356,368,375,379,382,387,407,436,439,455,512,534,539,548,557,563,572,605,609,613,616,672,674,690,704,708,712,719,733,740,752,765,771,778,788,793,796,802,806,809,815,826,831,859,864,879,901,908,911,915,923,926,934,938,948,953,956,960,967,977,998,1004,1011,1016,1021,1028,1057,1064,1070,1074,1077,1083,1088,1098,1101,1105,1110,1115,1121,1135,1141,1148,1153,1159,1188,1197,1200],"end-tidal":[33,258,291,644,722,912,987,1024,1167],"carbon":[34,121,259,292,645,790,939,988,1025,1085,1168],"dioxide":[35,122,260,293,646,791,940,989,1026,1086,1169],"sample":[36,98,346,358,364,457,508,540,575,623,713,741,766,828,834,840,844,871,943,991,1006,1034,1089,1122,1138],"line":[37,99,347,359,365,509,624,714,767,841,872,1007,1090,1123],"and":[38,124,196,203,225,232,248,257,313,366,392,424,531,566,602,627,662,668,715,755,847,907,1014,1020,1158],"gas":[40,456,466,687,723,756,827,913,916,1137],"analyzer":[41,688],"or":[42,476,747,1192],"other":[43],"leaks":[44,1195],"system.1\u20134The":[47],"biphasic":[49],"waveform":[50,237,278,432,580,636,678],"has":[51],"been":[52,489,730],"described":[53],"as":[54,770,966,990,1094],"a":[55,61,74,83,94,102,233,280,338,361,399,414,429,449,480,491,520,588,621,628,634,648,745,853,870,882,895,1031,1037,1050,1095,1126,1144,1184],"long":[56],"lower":[57,1106],"plateau":[58,64,70,372,856,979,983,1000,1107],"followed":[59],"by":[60,777,942,952,976,1114],"short":[62],"higher":[63,369,978,982],"rather":[65],"than":[66,96,370],"usual":[68],"single":[69,281,450],"waveform.":[71,866,1072],"We":[72,252,353,555,569,585,995],"report":[73],"case":[75,112,1151],"of":[76,116,119,150,381,438,461,483,529,536,615,643,651,671,700,721,735,773,784,798,820,863,881,897,904,910,950,1023,1060,1076,1080,1097,1117,1143,1161],"an":[77,132,275],"triphasic":[79,892],"tracing":[81],"mid-plateau":[84],"hump.":[85],"As":[86],"we":[87,130,330,453,514,544,868],"eventually":[88],"discovered,":[89],"this":[90,289,326,506,552,891],"was":[91,136,182,199,230,238,243,266,284,321,390,403,411,525,637,681,885,894,1001],"due":[92,1002],"to":[93,165,315,337,378,448,486,511,532,546,612,763,858,887,932,1003,1047,1063,1155,1174],"longer":[95],"normal":[97,234,371,430,462,635,860],"combined":[100,1124],"cracked":[103,408,961,1127,1189],"water":[104,388,401,409,518,564,630,716,927,962,1102,1128,1190],"trap":[105,389,402,410,565,631,717,928,963,1103,1129,1191],"(Apollo,":[106],"Drager":[107,141,214,691],"Medical,":[108],"Telford,":[109],"PA).":[110],"This":[111,426,833,1009,1150],"highlights":[113],"importance":[115,1160],"prompt":[117],"recognition":[118],"waveforms":[123,728],"implications.":[128],"Also,":[129],"identified":[131],"equipment":[133],"failure":[134],"that":[135,332,604,890,997,1130,1165],"detected":[138],"during":[139,654,768],"Apollo":[142,215,692],"anesthesia":[143,216,693],"machine":[144,217,694,1162,1185],"self-check.A":[145],"54-yr-old":[146],"woman":[147],"(American":[148],"Society":[149],"Anesthesiologists":[151],"physical":[152],"status":[153],"2)":[154],"presented":[155],"for":[156,161,184,325,718,1187],"right":[157,380],"front":[158],"temporal":[159,163],"craniotomy":[160],"superficial":[162],"artery":[164,168],"middle":[166],"cerebral":[167],"bypass":[169],"graft":[170],"under":[171,517],"mild":[172],"hypothermia":[173],"intraoperative":[175],"electrophysiologic":[176],"monitoring.":[177],"Her":[178],"past":[179],"medical":[180],"history":[181],"notable":[183],"bilateral":[185,254],"Moyamoya":[186],"disease,":[187],"atrial":[188],"aneurysm,":[189],"uterine":[190],"fibroids,":[191],"obstructive":[192],"sleep":[193],"apnea,":[194],"hypertension,":[195],"hyperlipidemia.":[197],"She":[198],"160":[200],"cm":[201,270,307],"tall":[202],"weighed":[204],"90":[205],"kg.All":[206],"routine":[207],"preoperative":[208],"checks":[209,1163],"were":[210,261,394,632],"performed":[211,244],"on":[212,839,1147],"without":[218,625],"incident,":[219],"including":[220],"machine\u2019s":[222],"automated":[223,1201],"self-test":[224],"leak":[226,339,524,746,759,807,810,873,1099],"test.":[227],"The":[228,263,577,686,758,782,818,850,981,1179],"patient":[229,652],"preoxygenated":[231],"appearing":[235,431],"observed.":[239,526],"Routine":[240],"intravenous":[241],"induction":[242],"muscle":[246],"relaxation":[247],"trachea":[250],"intubated.":[251],"confirmed":[253],"breath":[255],"sounds":[256],"present.":[262],"endotracheal":[264],"tube":[265],"secured":[267],"at":[268,271,707,830,914,922,959,1027],"23":[269],"lip.":[273],"Subsequently,":[274],"hump":[282,441,606,884,1146],"midplateau":[283,440,610],"(fig.":[286,384,396,433,618,640,679],"1).":[287,584],"At":[288,947,1073],"time,":[290],"=":[294,299,305,311,318],"36":[295],"mmHg,":[296],"tidal":[297],"volume":[298],"513":[300],"ml,":[301],"peak":[302],"inspiratory":[303,314,821,973],"pressure":[304,775,803,921,958,971],"30":[306],"H2O,":[308],"respiratory":[309],"rate":[310],"10,":[312],"expiratory":[316,789,855,1084,1136],"ratio":[317],"1:4.":[319],"There":[320],"no":[322,351,523],"obvious":[323],"cause":[324,437],"unique":[327],"waveform,":[328],"but":[329],"thought":[331],"it":[333,516],"may":[334,1181],"be":[335,659,1045,1172],"related":[336],"sampling":[342,467,779],"system.":[343],"Tightening":[344],"resulted":[349,427,1139],"change.":[352],"then":[354,586],"replaced":[355],"entire":[357],"new":[362,400,622,629],"10-foot":[363],"observed":[367,639,675,877],"move":[373],"midwave":[376],"position":[377,611],"capnogram":[383,893],"2).":[385],"Next,":[386],"inspected":[391],"cracks":[393],"seen":[395],"3).":[397],"Because":[398],"immediately":[405],"available,":[406],"wrapped":[412],"3M":[415,558],"Tegaderm":[416,559],"dressing":[417,561],"(3M":[418],"Health":[419,470],"Care,":[420,471],"St.":[421],"Paul,":[422],"MN)":[423],"reinstalled.":[425],"4).To":[434],"investigate":[435],"(or":[442],"dromedary":[443,549],"sign,":[444],"given":[445,1164],"its":[446],"resemblance":[447],"humped":[451],"camel),":[452],"examined":[454],"line,":[458,468,742],"which":[459,487],"consisted":[460],"sample-line":[463,1041],"tubing":[464,495,592],"(anesthesia":[465],"GE":[469],"Helsinki,":[472],"Finland,":[473],"3":[474],"m":[475],"10":[477],"feet,":[478],"dead":[481,542,842,1012,1042,1118],"space":[482,1013,1043,1119],"3.7":[484],"ml)":[485,601],"had":[488],"added":[490,587],"24-inch":[492,590],"arterial":[493],"extension":[494,591],"(volume":[496],"1.5":[497],"ml;":[498],"Hospira,":[499],"Lake":[500],"Forest,":[501],"IL).":[502],"To":[503,665],"determine":[504],"if":[505],"modified":[507,574],"contributed":[510],"leak,":[513],"placed":[515],"high-pressure":[521],"system;":[522],"By":[527],"way":[528],"confirmation":[530],"examine":[533],"effect":[535],"further":[537],"increasing":[538],"line\u2019s":[541],"space,":[543,843],"sought":[545],"recreate":[547],"sign":[550],"same":[553],"patient.":[554],"peeled":[556],"HP":[560],"off":[562],"reinstalled":[567,571],"it.":[568],"original":[573],"line.":[576],"reappeared":[581],"(see":[582],"fig.":[583],"second":[589],"(total":[593],"length,":[594],"now":[595,812],"14":[596],"feet;":[597],"dead-space":[598],"volume,":[599],"6.7":[600],"moved":[607],"left":[614,1065],"5).":[619],"After":[620],"extensions":[626],"installed,":[633],"again":[638,1093],"4).The":[641],"measurement":[642,720],"is":[647,811,837,852,964,993,1091],"fundamental":[649],"component":[650],"monitoring":[653],"Any":[656],"abnormalities":[657],"must":[658],"noted,":[660],"investigated,":[661],"treated":[663],"accordingly.":[664],"our":[666,875],"knowledge":[667],"subsequent":[669],"review":[670],"literature,":[673],"1)":[680],"unlike":[682],"any":[683,1193],"previously":[684],"reported.":[685],"aspirates":[695],"200":[696,1032],"ml/min":[697,1033],"(\u00b140":[698],"ml/min)":[699],"respired":[701],"gases":[702],"elbow":[705,753],"connector":[706,754],"Y":[709],"piece":[710],"through":[711,744],"partial":[724],"pressures.":[725,849],"Biphasic,":[726],"dual-plateau":[727],"described5and":[731],"room":[736,761,785,930,1132],"air":[737,762,786,931,1133],"drawn":[738],"into":[739,1134],"often":[743],"connection":[749],"anywhere":[750],"analyzer.":[757,832,917,1029],"allows":[760],"enter":[764,933],"expiration":[769,1019],"negative":[774,920,957],"produced":[776],"pump\u2019s":[780],"suction.":[781],"entrainment":[783],"dilutes":[787],"sample.":[794],"With":[795],"onset":[797,819],"positive-pressure":[799,902,1058,1078],"mechanical":[800,905,954,1081],"ventilation,":[801,1082],"gradient":[804],"across":[805],"reverses;":[808],"outward,":[813],"eliminating":[814],"dilution":[816,944,992],"effect.":[817],"flow":[822,845,1035],"begins":[823],"well":[824],"before":[825],"arrives":[829],"lag":[835],"time":[836,1017],"dependent":[838],"rate,":[846,1036],"ventilator":[848],"late":[854],"prior":[857],"down":[861],"slope":[862],"While":[867],"suspected":[869],"originally":[876],"capnogram,":[878],"occurrence":[880],"midexpiratory":[883,1145],"difficult":[886],"explain.We":[888],"hypothesized":[889],"increased":[898,1005],"dyssynchrony":[899],"phase":[903,1059,1079],"arrival":[909,1022],"During":[918],"expiration,":[919],"crack":[924],"allowed":[929],"sample,":[935],"thereby":[936],"decreasing":[937],"concentration":[941],"(first":[945],"plateau).":[946],"initiation":[949],"inspiration":[951,1061],"ventilator,":[955],"reversed":[965],"piston":[968],"exerts":[969],"positive":[970],"(peak":[972],"pressure),":[974],"represented":[975],"(hump).":[980],"most":[984],"accurately":[985],"represents":[986],"eliminated.":[994],"hypothesize":[996],"third":[999],"volume.":[1008],"increases":[1010],"therefore":[1015],"Assuming":[1030],"1.5-ml":[1038],"increase":[1039,1052],"could":[1044],"expected":[1046],"0.45-s":[1051],"transit":[1054,1067],"time.":[1055],"Thus,":[1056],"shifts":[1062],"(longer":[1066],"time)":[1068],"end":[1075],"diluted":[1092],"producing":[1104],"(third":[1108],"plateau).Therefore,":[1109],"transit-time":[1111],"delay":[1112],"caused":[1113],"addition":[1116],"aspirated":[1131],"appearance":[1142],"capnogram.":[1149],"illustrates":[1152],"need":[1154],"understand":[1156],"capnography":[1157],"erroneous":[1166],"measurements":[1170],"should":[1171],"recognized":[1173],"avoid":[1175],"inaccurate":[1176],"decisions.":[1178],"manufacturer":[1180],"consider":[1182],"adding":[1183],"check":[1186],"additional":[1194],"circuit":[1198],"machine-check":[1202],"algorithm.":[1203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}