{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1976286141","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ma0019297","title":"Chain End Functionalization in Nitroxide-Mediated \u201cLiving\u201d Free Radical Polymerizations","display_name":"Chain End Functionalization in Nitroxide-Mediated \u201cLiving\u201d Free Radical Polymerizations","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-04-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1976286141","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ma0019297","mag":"1976286141"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1021/ma0019297","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ma0019297","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ma0019297","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S177196338","display_name":"Macromolecules","issn_l":"0024-9297","issn":["0024-9297","1520-5835"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Macromolecules","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007452156","display_name":"Eva M. Harth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5553-0365","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5553-0365"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085935","display_name":"IBM Research - Almaden","ror":"https://ror.org/005w8dd04","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210085935","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eva Harth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305","IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120-6099"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120-6099","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210085935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064340656","display_name":"Craig J. Hawker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9951-851X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9951-851X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085935","display_name":"IBM Research - Almaden","ror":"https://ror.org/005w8dd04","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210085935","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Craig J. Hawker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305","IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120-6099"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120-6099","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210085935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111685514","display_name":"Wendy Fan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085935","display_name":"IBM Research - Almaden","ror":"https://ror.org/005w8dd04","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210085935","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wendy Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305","IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120-6099"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120-6099","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210085935"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009737401","display_name":"Robert M. Waymouth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9862-9509","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9862-9509"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085935","display_name":"IBM Research - Almaden","ror":"https://ror.org/005w8dd04","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210085935","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert M. Waymouth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305","IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120-6099"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120-6099","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210085935"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.8955,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":87,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96078156,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"12","first_page":"3856","last_page":"3862"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10405","display_name":"Advanced Polymer Synthesis and Characterization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10405","display_name":"Advanced Polymer Synthesis and Characterization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12570","display_name":"Photopolymerization techniques and applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10661","display_name":"biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chain-end-functionalization","display_name":"chain-end functionalization","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitroxide-mediated-polymerization","display_name":"nitroxide-mediated polymerization","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controlled-radical-polymerization","display_name":"controlled radical polymerization","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vinyl-polymers","display_name":"vinyl polymers","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maleic-anhydride","display_name":"maleic anhydride","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maleimide-derivatives","display_name":"maleimide derivatives","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-stability","display_name":"thermal stability","score":0.8149999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169912494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1994007","display_name":"Nitroxide mediated radical polymerization","level":5,"score":0.8424128293991089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780105360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6743002","display_name":"Maleimide","level":2,"score":0.8047268390655518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777666793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412377","display_name":"Maleic anhydride","level":4,"score":0.7350733280181885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115537861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7645993","display_name":"Surface modification","level":2,"score":0.7311459183692932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5979435443878174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188027245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446","display_name":"Polymer chemistry","level":1,"score":0.5616454482078552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777332933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170409","display_name":"Functional group","level":3,"score":0.5270583629608154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.49258166551589966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111998727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2620998","display_name":"Radical polymerization","level":4,"score":0.47015950083732605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152236973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5375766","display_name":"End-group","level":4,"score":0.4494728744029999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776142628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2919470","display_name":"Nitroxyl","level":2,"score":0.4224981367588043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.2675550580024719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15920480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421281","display_name":"Copolymer","level":3,"score":0.1798408031463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1021/ma0019297","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ma0019297","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ma0019297","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S177196338","display_name":"Macromolecules","issn_l":"0024-9297","issn":["0024-9297","1520-5835"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Macromolecules","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W102387075","https://openalex.org/W1968922359","https://openalex.org/W1979608044","https://openalex.org/W1980787296","https://openalex.org/W1991534816","https://openalex.org/W1995471167","https://openalex.org/W1996586894","https://openalex.org/W2013065128","https://openalex.org/W2020337867","https://openalex.org/W2048091284","https://openalex.org/W2050835980","https://openalex.org/W2067884222","https://openalex.org/W2081361953","https://openalex.org/W2083643406","https://openalex.org/W2153925194","https://openalex.org/W2166155968"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996586894","https://openalex.org/W1995471167","https://openalex.org/W2501872078","https://openalex.org/W4251534086","https://openalex.org/W2046029402","https://openalex.org/W2144122182","https://openalex.org/W2150886108","https://openalex.org/W1991534816","https://openalex.org/W2019577671","https://openalex.org/W2020813825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"novel":[1],"method":[2],"for":[3],"the":[4,23,33,41,47,61,65,73,77],"functionalization":[5],"of":[6,26,40,49,53,76],"vinyl":[7],"polymers":[8],"prepared":[9],"by":[10,38],"nitroxide-mediated":[11],"living":[12],"free":[13],"radical":[14],"procedures":[15],"is":[16,20],"reported.":[17],"This":[18,45],"strategy":[19],"based":[21],"on":[22],"controlled":[24],"monoaddition":[25],"maleic":[27],"anhydride":[28],"and":[29,72],"maleimide":[30],"derivatives":[31],"to":[32,69,80],"alkoxyamine":[34,66],"chain":[35,79],"end":[36],"followed":[37],"elimination":[39],"mediating":[42],"nitroxide":[43],"radical.":[44],"allows":[46],"introduction":[48],"a":[50],"wide":[51],"variety":[52],"functional":[54,67],"groups":[55],"with":[56],"high":[57],"efficiency,":[58],"while":[59],"at":[60],"same":[62],"time":[63],"permitting":[64],"group":[68],"be":[70,81],"removed":[71],"thermal":[74],"stability":[75],"polymer":[78],"increased.":[82]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}