{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1975933095","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2008.0309","title":"Nitrogen Fertilizer Sources and Timing before Flooding Dry\u2010Seeded, Delayed\u2010Flood Rice","display_name":"Nitrogen Fertilizer Sources and Timing before Flooding Dry\u2010Seeded, Delayed\u2010Flood Rice","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-10-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1975933095","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2008.0309","mag":"1975933095"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2136/sssaj2008.0309","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2008.0309","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2008.0309","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59755854","display_name":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","issn_l":"0361-5995","issn":["0361-5995","1435-0661"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103411339","display_name":"Richard J. Norman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78715868","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Fayetteville","ror":"https://ror.org/05jbt9m15","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R. J. Norman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dep. of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, 115 Plant Science Building, Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dep. of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, 115 Plant Science Building, Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109215221","display_name":"Charles E. Wilson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. E. Wilson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rice Research and Extension Center 2900 Hwy. 130 East Stuttgart AR 72160"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rice Research and Extension Center 2900 Hwy. 130 East Stuttgart AR 72160","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042930705","display_name":"Nathan A. Slaton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0015-2034","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0015-2034"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78715868","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Fayetteville","ror":"https://ror.org/05jbt9m15","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. A. Slaton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dep. of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, 1366 W. Altheimer Dr., Fayetteville, AR 72704"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dep. of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, 1366 W. Altheimer Dr., Fayetteville, AR 72704","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084353348","display_name":"Barney R. Griggs","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78715868","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Fayetteville","ror":"https://ror.org/05jbt9m15","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. R. Griggs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dep. of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, 115 Plant Science Building, Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dep. of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, 115 Plant Science Building, Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038018873","display_name":"Jacob T. Bushong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289387233","display_name":"Natural Resources Conservation Service","ror":"https://ror.org/03j7rgg33","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289387233","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. T. Bushong","raw_affiliation_strings":["USDA-NRCS, 4900 Oklahoma Ave., Ste. 300, Woodward, OK 73801"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USDA-NRCS, 4900 Oklahoma Ave., Ste. 300, Woodward, OK 73801","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289387233"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001646149","display_name":"Edward E. Gbur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1493-6307","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1493-6307"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78715868","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Fayetteville","ror":"https://ror.org/05jbt9m15","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. E. Gbur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agricultural Statistics Lab. Univ. of Arkansas Fayetteville, AR 72701"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agricultural Statistics Lab. Univ. of Arkansas Fayetteville, AR 72701","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103411339"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"],"apc_list":{"value":2020,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2020},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6296,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":61,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83905742,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"6","first_page":"2184","last_page":"2190"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12045","display_name":"Rice Cultivation and Yield Improvement","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12045","display_name":"Rice Cultivation and Yield Improvement","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12294","display_name":"Agricultural Science and Fertilization","score":0.01759999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10004","display_name":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-fertilizer-sources","display_name":"nitrogen fertilizer sources","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-application-timing","display_name":"nitrogen application timing","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ammonia-volatilization","display_name":"ammonia volatilization","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urea","display_name":"urea","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ammonium-sulfate","display_name":"ammonium sulfate","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urease-inhibitors","display_name":"urease inhibitors","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-uptake","display_name":"nitrogen uptake","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rice-yield","display_name":"rice yield","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dry-seeding","display_name":"dry seeding","score":0.5659999847412109}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780365088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48318","display_name":"Urea","level":2,"score":0.865981936454773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5413467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7939996","display_name":"Volatilisation","level":2,"score":0.749004602432251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779521917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22327086","display_name":"Urease","level":3,"score":0.6723583936691284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537208039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627","display_name":"Nitrogen","level":2,"score":0.6627616882324219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85582077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q842623","display_name":"Paddy field","level":2,"score":0.5904293656349182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83323","display_name":"Fertilizer","level":2,"score":0.5882136225700378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5496481657028198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54285103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4747287","display_name":"Ammonia volatilization from urea","level":3,"score":0.5316517949104309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.4595038592815399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.4463636875152588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.439653605222702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778543611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161426","display_name":"Oryza sativa","level":3,"score":0.4289413094520569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.35191813111305237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.3256422281265259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.094200998544693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.07827010750770569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.07819750905036926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2136/sssaj2008.0309","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2008.0309","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2008.0309","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59755854","display_name":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","issn_l":"0361-5995","issn":["0361-5995","1435-0661"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.9208999872207642}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313730","display_name":"Arkansas Rice Research and Promotion Board","ror":"https://ror.org/05hhs8n30"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W373452788","https://openalex.org/W1969848790","https://openalex.org/W1970549443","https://openalex.org/W1983882888","https://openalex.org/W1987416441","https://openalex.org/W1988784942","https://openalex.org/W1990048691","https://openalex.org/W1991184080","https://openalex.org/W2002209674","https://openalex.org/W2003000541","https://openalex.org/W2010929931","https://openalex.org/W2011130019","https://openalex.org/W2039325400","https://openalex.org/W2040034013","https://openalex.org/W2047185755","https://openalex.org/W2047495137","https://openalex.org/W2052020031","https://openalex.org/W2053310794","https://openalex.org/W2057768876","https://openalex.org/W2089714018","https://openalex.org/W2092883748","https://openalex.org/W2131685281","https://openalex.org/W2142211683","https://openalex.org/W2340014748","https://openalex.org/W2501403406","https://openalex.org/W4249429540"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983882888","https://openalex.org/W1987196298","https://openalex.org/W2040868602","https://openalex.org/W2893384629","https://openalex.org/W2049287727","https://openalex.org/W2031195772","https://openalex.org/W2769211167","https://openalex.org/W2155736909","https://openalex.org/W2760161264","https://openalex.org/W3093521025"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Urea":[0,26,224],"is":[1,27,256],"the":[2,8,22,60,70,79,96,153,171],"primary":[3],"N":[4,11,67,72,87,99,135,147,174,214,222],"source":[5],"used":[6,228],"for":[7,69,141,155],"large":[9],"preflood":[10,71,124],"application":[12,194],"in":[13,21],"delayed\u2010flood":[14,43],"rice":[15,44,90,173],"(":[16],"Oryza":[17],"sativa":[18],"L.)":[19],"production":[20],"southern":[23],"United":[24],"States.":[25],"prone":[28],"to":[29,48,51,58,77,234,240,245,276],"substantial":[30],"NH":[31,64,80,149,183],"3":[32,65,81,150,184,239],"volatilization":[33,82,151,185],"losses,":[34],"however,":[35],"if":[36,229],"fields":[37,45],"are":[38,232,243,274],"not":[39,257],"flooded":[40],"quickly.":[41],"Most":[42],"require":[46],"5":[47,142,189,241],"10":[49,132,144,191],"d":[50,133,145,192,231,242,273],"flood.":[52],"Consequently,":[53],"a":[54,113,126,236,247],"study":[55],"was":[56,139,152],"conducted":[57],"evaluate":[59,78],"use":[61],"of":[62],"less":[63],"\u2013volatile":[66],"sources":[68],"application.":[73,136],"The":[74,178],"objectives":[75],"were":[76,122,196],"loss":[83],"and":[84,89,125,160,168,176,190,201,216],"impact":[85],"on":[86],"uptake":[88,175,215],"yield":[91,218],"when":[92],"urea,":[93],"urea":[94,156,199,209,268,285],"plus":[95],"urease":[97],"inhibitor":[98],"\u2010(":[100],"n":[101],"\u2010butyl)thiophosphoric":[102],"triamide":[103],"(NBPT),":[104],"(NH":[105,161,202,261,278],"4":[106,110,115,119,162,166,203,207,262,266,279,283],")":[107,116,163,204,263,280],"2":[108,117,164,205,264,281],"SO":[109,118,165,206,265,282],",":[111],"or":[112,131,143,208,267,284],"urea\u2010(NH":[114],"(UAS)":[120],"blend":[121,180],"applied":[123],"flood":[127,235,246],"established":[128],"1,":[129],"5,":[130],"after":[134,146,193],"When":[137,271],"flooding":[138],"delayed":[140],"application,":[148],"least":[154],"+":[157,210,269,286],"NBPT":[158,211,287],"(2\u201310%)":[159],"(4\u20135%)":[167],"they":[169],"produced":[170],"highest":[172],"yield.":[177],"UAS":[179,250],"that":[181,195],"had":[182,213],"losses":[186],"(11\u201315%)":[187],"at":[188],"intermediate":[197,219],"between":[198,220],"(17\u201324%)":[200],"also":[212],"grain":[217],"these":[221],"sources.":[223],"should":[225,288],"only":[226],"be":[227,289],"\u223c2":[230],"required":[233,244,275],"field.":[237],"If":[238],"field,":[248],"then":[249],"has":[251],"some":[252],"merits":[253],"but":[254],"it":[255],"as":[258,260],"consistent":[259],"NBPT.":[270],">5":[272],"flood,":[277],"used.":[290]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}