{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1975626824","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/art.30345","title":"An approach to validating criteria for proteinuric flare in systemic lupus erythematosus glomerulonephritis","display_name":"An approach to validating criteria for proteinuric flare in systemic lupus erythematosus glomerulonephritis","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-03-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1975626824","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/art.30345","mag":"1975626824","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21400484","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3117977"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/art.30345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/art.30345","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/art.30345","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/art.30345","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132787887","display_name":"Arthritis & Rheumatism","issn_l":"0004-3591","issn":["0004-3591","1529-0131"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Arthritis & Rheumatism","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/art.30345","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038521422","display_name":"Stacy Payne Ardoin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4239-3634","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4239-3634"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802841970","display_name":"The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00c01js51","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802841970"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stacy Ardoin","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA. lee.hebert@osumc.edu","[The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA. lee.hebert@osumc.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802841970"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802841970"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102968572","display_name":"Daniel J. Birmingham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6803-224X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6803-224X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802841970","display_name":"The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00c01js51","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802841970"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel J. Birmingham","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802841970"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079349103","display_name":"Paul L. Hebert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5886-7964","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5886-7964"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul L. Hebert","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060114670","display_name":"C. Yung Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5218-7503","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5218-7503"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802841970","display_name":"The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00c01js51","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802841970"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chack-Yung Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802841970"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042356850","display_name":"Brad H. Rovin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5639-0210","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5639-0210"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802841970","display_name":"The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00c01js51","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802841970"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brad H. Rovin","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802841970"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111442351","display_name":"Lee A. Hebert","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802841970","display_name":"The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00c01js51","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802841970"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lee A. Hebert","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802841970"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111442351"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802841970"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6065,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69077351,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":"7","first_page":"2031","last_page":"2037"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10308","display_name":"Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10308","display_name":"Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11029","display_name":"Renal Diseases and Glomerulopathies","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10697","display_name":"Vasculitis and related conditions","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systemic-lupus-erythematosus","display_name":"systemic lupus erythematosus","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lupus-nephritis","display_name":"lupus nephritis","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proteinuria","display_name":"proteinuria","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-creatinine-ratio","display_name":"protein/creatinine ratio","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spontaneous-variation","display_name":"spontaneous variation","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-kidney-disease","display_name":"chronic kidney disease","score":0.9200000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780368995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q605006","display_name":"Glomerulonephritis","level":3,"score":0.7109633088111877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779588948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628261","display_name":"Flare","level":2,"score":0.7004985809326172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6820935010910034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778674544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414805","display_name":"Systemic disease","level":3,"score":0.5099512338638306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.45591577887535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775915377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188297","display_name":"Lupus erythematosus","level":3,"score":0.4316384792327881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16005928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171171","display_name":"Dermatology","level":1,"score":0.39029383659362793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648854","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2745824","display_name":"Immunopathology","level":2,"score":0.23837408423423767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.22012761235237122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780091579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9377","display_name":"Kidney","level":2,"score":0.14526376128196716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.06303748488426208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.04749339818954468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003404","descriptor_name":"Creatinine","qualifier_ui":"Q000652","qualifier_name":"urine","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008181","descriptor_name":"Lupus Nephritis","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008181","descriptor_name":"Lupus Nephritis","qualifier_ui":"Q000652","qualifier_name":"urine","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011507","descriptor_name":"Proteinuria","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011507","descriptor_name":"Proteinuria","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011507","descriptor_name":"Proteinuria","qualifier_ui":"Q000652","qualifier_name":"urine","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/art.30345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/art.30345","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/art.30345","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/art.30345","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132787887","display_name":"Arthritis & Rheumatism","issn_l":"0004-3591","issn":["0004-3591","1529-0131"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Arthritis & Rheumatism","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:21400484","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21400484","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Arthritis and rheumatism","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3117977","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3117977","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Arthritis Rheum","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/art.30345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/art.30345","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/art.30345","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/art.30345","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132787887","display_name":"Arthritis & Rheumatism","issn_l":"0004-3591","issn":["0004-3591","1529-0131"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Arthritis & Rheumatism","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2447481771","display_name":"The Ohio State University Center for Clinical and Translational Science (UL1)","funder_award_id":"UL1RR025755","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337375","funder_display_name":"National Center for Research Resources"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3275761817","display_name":"AASK Cohort Study","funder_award_id":"U01DK048621","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4485005069","display_name":"Genetic &Clinical Risk for Human SLE Nephritis","funder_award_id":"P01DK055546","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00adh9b73"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337375","display_name":"National Center for Research Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/04pw6fb54"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1975626824.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W631797958","https://openalex.org/W1580315677","https://openalex.org/W1588862336","https://openalex.org/W1965062568","https://openalex.org/W1976420851","https://openalex.org/W1976897352","https://openalex.org/W1988862282","https://openalex.org/W1995945562","https://openalex.org/W1998780818","https://openalex.org/W2009513180","https://openalex.org/W2034319485","https://openalex.org/W2036335844","https://openalex.org/W2036892337","https://openalex.org/W2040188620","https://openalex.org/W2042896552","https://openalex.org/W2043553056","https://openalex.org/W2044015779","https://openalex.org/W2045139782","https://openalex.org/W2045445076","https://openalex.org/W2055534574","https://openalex.org/W2092159811","https://openalex.org/W2095231598","https://openalex.org/W2110754607","https://openalex.org/W2117871749","https://openalex.org/W2125995351","https://openalex.org/W2144229161","https://openalex.org/W2149686068","https://openalex.org/W2151779300","https://openalex.org/W2440140409","https://openalex.org/W2615564131","https://openalex.org/W2883160216","https://openalex.org/W3022468651","https://openalex.org/W4230268349","https://openalex.org/W4306146805"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2042896552","https://openalex.org/W2609717517","https://openalex.org/W2043553056","https://openalex.org/W2915501917","https://openalex.org/W2034319485","https://openalex.org/W2478587816","https://openalex.org/W2028198473","https://openalex.org/W7110235506","https://openalex.org/W2550099607","https://openalex.org/W1990858395"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"Published":[1],"criteria":[2],"on":[3,35,99],"the":[4,39,58,65,93,101,105,127,151,163,188,202,210,215,224,261,274],"degree":[5],"of":[6,139,145,153,190,200,214,232,276],"proteinuria":[7,53,71],"increase":[8],"that":[9,49,64,186],"defines":[10],"a":[11,73,195,227],"proteinuric":[12,42,96,239],"flare":[13,43,74,204,240],"in":[14,52,104,109,126,162,187,223,265,269,273],"systemic":[15],"lupus":[16],"erythematosus":[17],"(SLE)":[18],"with":[19,194,226],"glomerulonephritis":[20],"(GN)":[21],"vary":[22],"widely,":[23],"likely":[24,56],"because":[25],"they":[26],"are":[27,32,114,206],"not":[28,55,61,115],"evidence":[29],"based,":[30],"but":[31,60],"largely":[33],"based":[34,98],"expert":[36],"opinion.":[37],"Ideally,":[38],"threshold":[40,94],"for":[41,95,237],"should":[44],"be":[45,243,255],"set":[46,207,244],"sufficiently":[47],"high":[48,63,247],"spontaneous":[50,102,160],"variation":[51,103,161],"does":[54],"explain":[57],"increase,":[59],"so":[62],"patient":[66],"needlessly":[67],"experiences":[68],"prolonged":[69],"severe":[70],"before":[72,177],"is":[75,79],"declared":[76],"and":[77,150,271],"therapy":[78],"increased.":[80],"The":[81,142,219],"present":[82],"study":[83],"was":[84,147,156,221],"undertaken":[85],"to":[86,91,242,257],"develop":[87],"an":[88],"evidence-based":[89],"approach":[90],"setting":[92],"flare,":[97],"quantifying":[100],"urine":[106],"protein:creatinine":[107,164,171,198,217,230],"ratio":[108,165,199,231],"SLE":[110,117,120,129,191],"GN":[111,121,192],"patients":[112,122,193],"who":[113],"experiencing":[116],"flare.":[118,181],"METHODS:":[119],"(n":[123],"=":[124],"71)":[125],"Ohio":[128],"Study":[130],"were":[131],"tested":[132],"at":[133],"prespecified":[134],"bimonthly":[135],"intervals":[136],"within":[137,174],"windows":[138],"\u00b11":[140],"week.":[141],"median":[143],"duration":[144],"followup":[146],">44":[148],"months,":[149],"rate":[152],"visit":[154],"compliance":[155],">90%.":[157],"To":[158],"assess":[159],"under":[166],"no-flare":[167,197,216,229],"conditions,":[168],"we":[169],"excluded":[170],"ratios":[172],"measured":[173],"4":[175],"months":[176],"or":[178,248],"after":[179],"renal":[180],"RESULTS:":[182],"Our":[183],"findings":[184],"showed":[185],"group":[189,225],"mean":[196,228],"\u22640.5,":[201],"published":[203],"thresholds":[205,236,262],"well":[208],"above":[209],"99%":[211],"confidence":[212],"interval":[213],"ratio.":[218],"opposite":[220],"seen":[222],"\u22651.0.":[233],"CONCLUSION:":[234],"Current":[235],"defining":[238],"appear":[241],"either":[245],"too":[246,249],"low.":[250],"A":[251],"randomized":[252],"trial":[253],"would":[254,263],"needed":[256],"test":[258],"whether":[259],"resetting":[260],"result":[264],"faster":[266],"remission,":[267],"reduction":[268],"therapy,":[270],"decrease":[272],"frequency":[275],"chronic":[277],"kidney":[278],"disease.":[279]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}