{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1975618871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2013.04.002","title":"Changes in land use/cover using geospatial techniques: A case study of Ramnagar town area, district Nainital, Uttarakhand, India","display_name":"Changes in land use/cover using geospatial techniques: A case study of Ramnagar town area, district Nainital, Uttarakhand, India","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-05-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1975618871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2013.04.002","mag":"1975618871"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ejrs.2013.04.002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2013.04.002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2013.04.002","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110982313000069/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764483130","display_name":"The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science","issn_l":"1110-9823","issn":["1110-9823","2090-2476"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","oarl","poland-70"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110982313000069/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108558752","display_name":"Jiwan Singh Rawat","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119311299","display_name":"Kumaun University","ror":"https://ror.org/038e9x269","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119311299"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J.S. Rawat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, Kumaun University, SSJ Campus, Almora 263601, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, Kumaun University, SSJ Campus, Almora 263601, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119311299"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Vivekanand Biswas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119311299","display_name":"Kumaun University","ror":"https://ror.org/038e9x269","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119311299"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vivekanand Biswas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, Kumaun University, SSJ Campus, Almora 263601, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, Kumaun University, SSJ Campus, Almora 263601, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119311299"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062052137","display_name":"Manish Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2588-6499","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2588-6499"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119311299","display_name":"Kumaun University","ror":"https://ror.org/038e9x269","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119311299"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manish Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre of Excellence for NRDMS in Uttarakhand, Department of Geography, Kumaun University, SSJ Campus, Almora 263601, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre of Excellence for NRDMS in Uttarakhand, Department of Geography, Kumaun University, SSJ Campus, Almora 263601, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119311299"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108558752"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119311299"],"apc_list":{"value":900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":900},"apc_paid":{"value":900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":900},"fwci":56.8074,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":236,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99823056,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"111","last_page":"117"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use-and-land-cover-change","display_name":"land use and land cover change","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-expansion","display_name":"urban expansion","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/built-up-areas","display_name":"built-up areas","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sand-bars","display_name":"sand bars","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation-loss","display_name":"vegetation loss","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/farmland-loss","display_name":"agricultural land loss","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-body-loss","display_name":"water body loss","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nainital-district","display_name":"Nainital district","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uttarakhand","display_name":"Uttarakhand","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/change-detection","display_name":"change detection","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landsat-thematic-mapper","display_name":"Landsat TM","score":0.7649999856948853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.7557947635650635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775938548","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1565182","display_name":"Thematic Mapper","level":3,"score":0.7260685563087463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9770341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.6585693359375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93692415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502030","display_name":"Thematic map","level":2,"score":0.6566234230995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.6403411626815796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.5842505693435669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12780434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q619798","display_name":"Geomatics","level":2,"score":0.5796183943748474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.5743303894996643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5663172006607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502990516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3395383","display_name":"Agricultural land","level":3,"score":0.5021893978118896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.4449368715286255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41856607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483130","display_name":"Geographic information system","level":2,"score":0.42462262511253357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991664886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q260023","display_name":"Water area","level":2,"score":0.4171757102012634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.4109499454498291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.3866282105445862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.37783005833625793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778102629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725252","display_name":"Satellite imagery","level":2,"score":0.3717004060745239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.16683918237686157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.10298892855644226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.09867745637893677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ejrs.2013.04.002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2013.04.002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2013.04.002","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110982313000069/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764483130","display_name":"The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science","issn_l":"1110-9823","issn":["1110-9823","2090-2476"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","oarl","poland-70"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:297fd00b3e62428c80cd6b6fcf1d9eef","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/297fd00b3e62428c80cd6b6fcf1d9eef","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Sciences, Vol 16, Iss 1, Pp 111-117 (2013)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ejrs.2013.04.002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2013.04.002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2013.04.002","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110982313000069/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764483130","display_name":"The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science","issn_l":"1110-9823","issn":["1110-9823","2090-2476"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","oarl","poland-70"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.7605999708175659,"display_name":"Life on land"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7250000238418579,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320719","display_name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","ror":"https://ror.org/0101xrq71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334774","display_name":"Natural Resources Data Management System","ror":"https://ror.org/03xsjat94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1975618871.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1975618871.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W588812589","https://openalex.org/W1571538446","https://openalex.org/W1924151584","https://openalex.org/W1971639942","https://openalex.org/W2016717611","https://openalex.org/W2031163010","https://openalex.org/W2091523418","https://openalex.org/W2091559025","https://openalex.org/W2103653062","https://openalex.org/W2131022626","https://openalex.org/W2157438922","https://openalex.org/W2185060527","https://openalex.org/W2260525433","https://openalex.org/W3118439209","https://openalex.org/W4233939077"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2302126036","https://openalex.org/W2523878801","https://openalex.org/W2738880411","https://openalex.org/W2956960977","https://openalex.org/W2184029686","https://openalex.org/W2952003948","https://openalex.org/W1988590943","https://openalex.org/W2969627646","https://openalex.org/W1599344398","https://openalex.org/W4297628112"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,95,118,182,200],"present":[1],"study":[2,99,183],"illustrates":[3],"an":[4],"integrated":[5],"approach":[6],"of":[7,20,24,32,42,52,79,97,132,206,215,217],"remote":[8],"sensing":[9],"and":[10,54,62,115,129,145,162,176,213],"GIS":[11],"(Geographical":[12],"Information":[13],"System),":[14],"i.e.,":[15,47],"Geospatial":[16],"techniques":[17,210],"for":[18,211],"assessment":[19],"land":[21,65,155,161],"use/cover":[22,66],"dynamics":[23],"a":[25,77],"town":[26,71,135,188],"located":[27],"in":[28,68,92],"the":[29,33,37,64,69,98,123,133,186,193,197,204,218],"foothill":[30],"zone":[31],"Uttarakhand":[34],"State":[35],"viz.,":[36],"Ramnagar.":[38],"Landsat":[39,48],"satellite":[40],"imageries":[41],"two":[43,80,125],"different":[44,105],"time":[45],"periods,":[46],"Thematic":[49],"Mapper":[50],"(TM)":[51],"1990":[53,73],"2010":[55,75],"were":[56,101],"acquired":[57],"by":[58],"USGS":[59],"Earth":[60],"Explorer":[61],"quantified":[63],"changes":[67],"Ramnagar":[70,134,187,219],"from":[72],"to":[74],"over":[76],"period":[78],"decades.":[81],"Supervised":[82],"Classification":[83],"methodology":[84],"has":[85],"been":[86,138],"employed":[87],"using":[88],"Maximum":[89],"Likelihood":[90],"Technique":[91],"ERDAS":[93],"9.3.":[94],"images":[96],"area":[100,128,136,152],"categorized":[102],"into":[103],"five":[104],"classes,":[106],"viz.":[107],"built-up":[108,127],"area,":[109],"vegetation,":[110,159],"agricultural":[111,160],"land,":[112],"water":[113,163],"bodies":[114],"sand":[116,130],"bar.":[117],"results":[119],"indicate":[120],"that":[121,185],"during":[122],"last":[124],"decades,":[126],"bar":[131],"have":[137,165],"increased":[139],"about":[140,167],"8.88%":[141],"(i.e.,":[142,147,169,173],"2.83":[143],"km2)":[144,175],"3.98%":[146],"1.27":[148],"km2),":[149,171,180],"respectively,":[150],"while":[151],"under":[153],"other":[154],"categories":[156],"such":[157],"as":[158],"body":[164],"decreased":[166],"9.41%":[168],"3.00":[170],"0.69%":[172],"0.22":[174],"2.76%":[177],"(i.e.":[178],"0.88":[179],"respectively.":[181],"reveals":[184],"is":[189],"expanding":[190],"maximum":[191],"towards":[192],"southern":[194],"direction":[195],"along":[196],"National":[198],"Highway-121.":[199],"paper":[201],"also":[202],"highlights":[203],"importance":[205],"digital":[207],"change":[208,216],"detection":[209],"nature":[212],"location":[214],"Town":[220],"area.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}