{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1975481237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-0734.2001.00041.x","title":"D RUG \u2010 INDUCED AND D RUG \u2010 DEPENDENT I MMUNE T HROMBOCYTOPENIAS","display_name":"D RUG \u2010 INDUCED AND D RUG \u2010 DEPENDENT I MMUNE T HROMBOCYTOPENIAS","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1975481237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-0734.2001.00041.x","mag":"1975481237","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11703814"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1046/j.1468-0734.2001.00041.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-0734.2001.00041.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-0734.2001.00041.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S25240633","display_name":"Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Hematology","issn_l":"1127-0020","issn":["1127-0020","1468-0734","1825-151X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Hematology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075868354","display_name":"Andreas Greinacher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8343-7336","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8343-7336"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36522303","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Greifswald","ror":"https://ror.org/00r1edq15","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36522303"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Greinacher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany. greinach@mail.uni-greifswald.de"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany. greinach@mail.uni-greifswald.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36522303"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043114137","display_name":"Petra Eichler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petra Eichler","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046448063","display_name":"Norbert L\u00fcbenow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9511-6740","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9511-6740"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norbert Lubenow","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042781335","display_name":"VOLKER KIEFEL","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Volker Kiefel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075868354"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36522303"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5189,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.41267388,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"3","first_page":"166","last_page":"200"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12352","display_name":"Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia and Thrombosis","score":0.79830002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2720","display_name":"Hematology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12352","display_name":"Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia and Thrombosis","score":0.79830002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2720","display_name":"Hematology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10746","display_name":"Platelet Disorders and Treatments","score":0.19910000264644623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2720","display_name":"Hematology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11660","display_name":"Blood groups and transfusion","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2720","display_name":"Hematology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-induced-thrombocytopenia","display_name":"drug-induced thrombocytopenia","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heparin-induced-thrombocytopenia","display_name":"heparin-induced thrombocytopenia","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/platelet-factor-4","display_name":"platelet factor 4","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiplatelet-antibodies","display_name":"antiplatelet antibodies","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glycoprotein-iib-iiia-inhibitors","display_name":"glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudothrombocytopenia","display_name":"pseudothrombocytopenia","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/platelet-autoantibodies","display_name":"platelet autoantibodies","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thrombin-generation","display_name":"thrombin generation","score":0.4650000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alternative-anticoagulants","display_name":"anticoagulation alternatives","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bleeding-risk","display_name":"bleeding risk","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/platelet-transfusion","display_name":"platelet transfusion","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adverse-drug-reactions","display_name":"adverse drug reactions","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thrombocytopenia","display_name":"thrombocytopenia","score":0.5669999718666077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7033013105392456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780942790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372016","display_name":"Pathogenesis","level":2,"score":0.6683285236358643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.5812575817108154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777557582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190016","display_name":"Heparin","level":2,"score":0.5574117302894592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.5349169373512268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778271848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386715","display_name":"Hirudin","level":4,"score":0.5141273140907288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.48231935501098633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779612170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q474880","display_name":"Argatroban","level":4,"score":0.47662675380706787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776472838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1598365","display_name":"Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia","level":3,"score":0.47128620743751526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197934379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938","display_name":"Adverse effect","level":2,"score":0.44751664996147156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.439465194940567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.42950439453125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778205648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215118","display_name":"Anticoagulant","level":2,"score":0.4145349860191345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89560881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101026","display_name":"Platelet","level":2,"score":0.4061475992202759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2547761797904968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777292125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409166","display_name":"Thrombin","level":3,"score":0.25085383653640747}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000925","descriptor_name":"Anticoagulants","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000925","descriptor_name":"Anticoagulants","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006493","descriptor_name":"Heparin","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006493","descriptor_name":"Heparin","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016553","descriptor_name":"Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic","qualifier_ui":"Q000139","qualifier_name":"chemically induced","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016553","descriptor_name":"Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016553","descriptor_name":"Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019039","descriptor_name":"Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex","qualifier_ui":"Q000037","qualifier_name":"antagonists & inhibitors","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019039","descriptor_name":"Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1046/j.1468-0734.2001.00041.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-0734.2001.00041.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-0734.2001.00041.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S25240633","display_name":"Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Hematology","issn_l":"1127-0020","issn":["1127-0020","1468-0734","1825-151X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Hematology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11703814","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11703814","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Reviews in clinical and experimental hematology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":249,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W5602845","https://openalex.org/W11606147","https://openalex.org/W28861116","https://openalex.org/W36050078","https://openalex.org/W38692248","https://openalex.org/W42996734","https://openalex.org/W68178237","https://openalex.org/W108425301","https://openalex.org/W110440025","https://openalex.org/W116242010","https://openalex.org/W124032993","https://openalex.org/W126835576","https://openalex.org/W137642854","https://openalex.org/W158324379","https://openalex.org/W188744978","https://openalex.org/W193975376","https://openalex.org/W279078309","https://openalex.org/W284383672","https://openalex.org/W343671413","https://openalex.org/W870809596","https://openalex.org/W1483107031","https://openalex.org/W1488264087","https://openalex.org/W1509399724","https://openalex.org/W1528158334","https://openalex.org/W1552305914","https://openalex.org/W1556325206","https://openalex.org/W1605265651","https://openalex.org/W1628030746","https://openalex.org/W1702670865","https://openalex.org/W1729817476","https://openalex.org/W1749592677","https://openalex.org/W1786317249","https://openalex.org/W1822603823","https://openalex.org/W1902526913","https://openalex.org/W1925587013","https://openalex.org/W1930976597","https://openalex.org/W1932053515","https://openalex.org/W1948169006","https://openalex.org/W1963521352","https://openalex.org/W1963589960","https://openalex.org/W1963854263","https://openalex.org/W1968787484","https://openalex.org/W1968875893","https://openalex.org/W1969197451","https://openalex.org/W1970324370","https://openalex.org/W1971045896","https://openalex.org/W1972270077","https://openalex.org/W1972327250","https://openalex.org/W1973484722","https://openalex.org/W1974894390","https://openalex.org/W1975831043","https://openalex.org/W1975935770","https://openalex.org/W1976637703","https://openalex.org/W1977422184","https://openalex.org/W1977487620","https://openalex.org/W1978355330","https://openalex.org/W1978852679","https://openalex.org/W1979404783","https://openalex.org/W1979730337","https://openalex.org/W1982393004","https://openalex.org/W1982536750","https://openalex.org/W1983190072","https://openalex.org/W1983409554","https://openalex.org/W1983743882","https://openalex.org/W1984213458","https://openalex.org/W1986394098","https://openalex.org/W1987884135","https://openalex.org/W1989047283","https://openalex.org/W1990893901","https://openalex.org/W1991770499","https://openalex.org/W1993140115","https://openalex.org/W1993552694","https://openalex.org/W1993578099","https://openalex.org/W1997797215","https://openalex.org/W1998600585","https://openalex.org/W1998983017","https://openalex.org/W1999653236","https://openalex.org/W2001733129","https://openalex.org/W2003326907","https://openalex.org/W2004270459","https://openalex.org/W2004821315","https://openalex.org/W2004864752","https://openalex.org/W2006590570","https://openalex.org/W2008056303","https://openalex.org/W2009199306","https://openalex.org/W2009354119","https://openalex.org/W2009406286","https://openalex.org/W2009526690","https://openalex.org/W2009549527","https://openalex.org/W2010279565","https://openalex.org/W2011284024","https://openalex.org/W2012165608","https://openalex.org/W2012257575","https://openalex.org/W2012489492","https://openalex.org/W2012732851","https://openalex.org/W2014977580","https://openalex.org/W2016498397","https://openalex.org/W2017908097","https://openalex.org/W2018007699","https://openalex.org/W2020839629","https://openalex.org/W2021145671","https://openalex.org/W2021989050","https://openalex.org/W2022287681","https://openalex.org/W2022311002","https://openalex.org/W2022700676","https://openalex.org/W2023252309","https://openalex.org/W2023476839","https://openalex.org/W2024224171","https://openalex.org/W2024623688","https://openalex.org/W2025532828","https://openalex.org/W2028034233","https://openalex.org/W2030099102","https://openalex.org/W2031101115","https://openalex.org/W2031834256","https://openalex.org/W2033627316","https://openalex.org/W2034782781","https://openalex.org/W2035307463","https://openalex.org/W2036385266","https://openalex.org/W2038558665","https://openalex.org/W2039681596","https://openalex.org/W2040999375","https://openalex.org/W2043589611","https://openalex.org/W2045865674","https://openalex.org/W2046665728","https://openalex.org/W2048032060","https://openalex.org/W2048497869","https://openalex.org/W2048589633","https://openalex.org/W2048929842","https://openalex.org/W2049639677","https://openalex.org/W2049662888","https://openalex.org/W2049669785","https://openalex.org/W2049682378","https://openalex.org/W2050586170","https://openalex.org/W2050667969","https://openalex.org/W2050668491","https://openalex.org/W2051123715","https://openalex.org/W2051399352","https://openalex.org/W2053593414","https://openalex.org/W2054952496","https://openalex.org/W2057643914","https://openalex.org/W2059591383","https://openalex.org/W2060297306","https://openalex.org/W2062804763","https://openalex.org/W2064383343","https://openalex.org/W2067334668","https://openalex.org/W2070676143","https://openalex.org/W2072904489","https://openalex.org/W2073637661","https://openalex.org/W2073913177","https://openalex.org/W2075407205","https://openalex.org/W2076720217","https://openalex.org/W2081769864","https://openalex.org/W2084688676","https://openalex.org/W2085054226","https://openalex.org/W2085223950","https://openalex.org/W2086033009","https://openalex.org/W2086150454","https://openalex.org/W2086402404","https://openalex.org/W2086853973","https://openalex.org/W2089956644","https://openalex.org/W2094687142","https://openalex.org/W2094744675","https://openalex.org/W2095187573","https://openalex.org/W2102855173","https://openalex.org/W2106858099","https://openalex.org/W2109289067","https://openalex.org/W2112799238","https://openalex.org/W2114155850","https://openalex.org/W2114543639","https://openalex.org/W2120192159","https://openalex.org/W2121964226","https://openalex.org/W2121967289","https://openalex.org/W2122121359","https://openalex.org/W2124672712","https://openalex.org/W2134956904","https://openalex.org/W2136540192","https://openalex.org/W2138849164","https://openalex.org/W2140451793","https://openalex.org/W2146023328","https://openalex.org/W2154925348","https://openalex.org/W2155119395","https://openalex.org/W2155190612","https://openalex.org/W2158897566","https://openalex.org/W2161499631","https://openalex.org/W2165313346","https://openalex.org/W2166950257","https://openalex.org/W2168226666","https://openalex.org/W2192177269","https://openalex.org/W2199127954","https://openalex.org/W2221015914","https://openalex.org/W2230064322","https://openalex.org/W2230838014","https://openalex.org/W2240714023","https://openalex.org/W2278860216","https://openalex.org/W2287518913","https://openalex.org/W2300372808","https://openalex.org/W2313726388","https://openalex.org/W2316071283","https://openalex.org/W2332233724","https://openalex.org/W2333983635","https://openalex.org/W2336478335","https://openalex.org/W2339122838","https://openalex.org/W2340070814","https://openalex.org/W2340152965","https://openalex.org/W2342715520","https://openalex.org/W2346347728","https://openalex.org/W2394561642","https://openalex.org/W2395313915","https://openalex.org/W2396597594","https://openalex.org/W2399208260","https://openalex.org/W2399473729","https://openalex.org/W2401402614","https://openalex.org/W2402222790","https://openalex.org/W2402519077","https://openalex.org/W2408297979","https://openalex.org/W2408800704","https://openalex.org/W2409231129","https://openalex.org/W2410565177","https://openalex.org/W2411245891","https://openalex.org/W2411462089","https://openalex.org/W2412718187","https://openalex.org/W2412730337","https://openalex.org/W2414180972","https://openalex.org/W2414599950","https://openalex.org/W2415870622","https://openalex.org/W2416296623","https://openalex.org/W2417482161","https://openalex.org/W2417688794","https://openalex.org/W2418474461","https://openalex.org/W2426068811","https://openalex.org/W2460083938","https://openalex.org/W2463827429","https://openalex.org/W2473364207","https://openalex.org/W2508146040","https://openalex.org/W2510062100","https://openalex.org/W2809822550","https://openalex.org/W2809979070","https://openalex.org/W2945732834","https://openalex.org/W2994433318","https://openalex.org/W3022148767","https://openalex.org/W3162777891","https://openalex.org/W4234970773","https://openalex.org/W4237482550","https://openalex.org/W4237892021","https://openalex.org/W4256202725","https://openalex.org/W4296575955","https://openalex.org/W4301970828","https://openalex.org/W4302032594","https://openalex.org/W4324113818"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1925587013","https://openalex.org/W7097098577","https://openalex.org/W1587229271","https://openalex.org/W2019890099","https://openalex.org/W1973684446","https://openalex.org/W2068579130","https://openalex.org/W2049124472","https://openalex.org/W2169998746","https://openalex.org/W2585120026","https://openalex.org/W2115526409"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Thrombocytopenia":[0],"is":[1,67,112,195,217,226,250,309,331,335,411],"a":[2,60,68,77,129,192,236,323,326,339,368,393],"frequent":[3,31,53,197],"comorbid":[4],"condition":[5],"in":[6,8,43,71,109,164,208,235,276,301,361,385],"many":[7],"hospital":[9],"patients.":[10],"In":[11],"some":[12,288],"patients,":[13],"drugs":[14],"are":[15,28,99,107,171,187,210,232,257,389],"the":[16,29,51,156,269,336,343,345,362,365,416],"cause":[17,86],"of":[18,25,57,80,113,146,159,178,184,214,239,243,262,266,268,278,322,338,342,364,415,421],"low":[19,402],"platelet":[20,81,274,298,317,327,357,372,403],"counts.":[21],"While":[22],"cytotoxic":[23],"effects":[24],"anti-tumor":[26],"therapy":[27],"most":[30,52],"cause,":[32],"immune":[33,221,282,307],"mechanisms":[34,91],"should":[35],"also":[36,233],"be":[37,204,285],"considered.":[38,211],"This":[39],"review":[40],"addresses":[41],"thrombocytopenias":[42,170,216],"four":[44],"groups.":[45],"Heparin-dependent":[46],"thrombocytopenia":[47,201,256,283,308],"(HIT),":[48],"by":[49,287,311],"far":[50],"drug-induced":[54,200],"immune-mediated":[55],"type":[56],"thrombocytopenia,":[58,247],"has":[59],"unique":[61],"pathogenesis":[62,213],"and":[63,84,101,124,202,242,273,305,405,418],"clinical":[64],"consequences.":[65],"HIT":[66],"clinicopathological":[69],"syndrome":[70],"which":[72,93,292],"antibodies":[73,225,231,295,312,350,384],"mostly":[74],"directed":[75],"against":[76],"multimolecular":[78],"complex":[79],"factor":[82],"4":[83],"heparin":[85,94,127],"paradoxical":[87],"thromboembolic":[88],"complications.":[89],"The":[90,212],"through":[92],"can":[95,284],"enhance":[96],"thrombin":[97],"generation":[98],"discussed":[100],"treatment":[102,148,209,264,420],"alternatives":[103],"for":[104,392],"affected":[105],"patients":[106,119,165,186,244,398],"presented":[108],"detail.":[110],"It":[111],"primary":[114],"importance":[115],"to":[116,125,141,182,325,413],"recognize":[117],"these":[118,179,215,230,397],"as":[120,122,134,174,196,198,377],"early":[121],"possible":[123],"substitute":[126],"with":[128,166,254,353,400],"compatible":[130],"anticoagulatory":[131],"drug,":[132],"such":[133],"hirudin,":[135],"danaparoid":[136],"or":[137,347,367],"argatroban.":[138],"Patients":[139,253],"seem":[140],"benefit":[142],"from":[143,151,297],"therapeutic":[144],"doses":[145],"alternative":[147],"rather":[149],"than":[150],"low-dose":[152],"prophylactic":[153],"doses.":[154],"With":[155],"increasing":[157],"use":[158],"glycoprotein":[160],"(GP)":[161],"IIb/IIIa":[162,271],"inhibitors":[163],"acute":[167],"coronary":[168],"syndromes,":[169],"increasingly":[172],"recognized":[173],"an":[175,220,259,314,386],"adverse":[176],"effect":[177],"drugs.":[180],"Up":[181],"4%":[183],"treated":[185],"affected.":[188],"Most":[189],"important,":[190],"pseudothrombocytopenia,":[191],"laboratory":[193],"artefact,":[194],"real":[199,255],"must":[203],"excluded":[205],"before":[206],"changes":[207],"still":[218,251],"debated;":[219],"mechanism":[222],"involving":[223],"preformed":[224],"likely.":[227],"However,":[228],"since":[229],"detectable":[234],"high":[237],"percentage":[238],"normal":[240],"controls":[241],"not":[245],"developing":[246],"their":[248],"impact":[249],"unclear.":[252],"at":[258],"increased":[260],"risk":[261],"bleeding;":[263],"consists":[265],"cessation":[267],"GP":[270,318,373,382],"inhibitor":[272],"transfusions":[275],"cases":[277],"severe":[279],"hemorrhage.":[280,409],"Classic":[281],"induced":[286,310],"drugs,":[289],"e.g.":[290],"gold,":[291],"trigger":[293],"anti-platelet":[294],"indistinguishable":[296],"autoantibodies":[299],"found":[300],"autoimmune":[302],"thrombocytopenia.":[303],"Drug-induced":[304],"drug-dependent":[306],"recognizing":[313],"epitope":[315],"on":[316,356],"formed":[319],"after":[320],"binding":[321,334],"drug":[324,366,417],"glycoprotein.":[328],"Still":[329],"unresolved":[330],"whether":[332],"antibody":[333,378],"consequence":[337],"conformational":[340],"change":[341],"antigen,":[344],"antibody,":[346],"both.":[348],"These":[349],"typically":[351],"react":[352],"monomorphic":[354],"epitopes":[355],"GP,":[358],"but":[359],"only":[360],"presence":[363],"metabolite.":[369],"Although":[370],"several":[371],"have":[374],"been":[375],"identified":[376],"target":[379],"(GPIb/IX,":[380],"GPV,":[381],"IIb/IIIa),":[383],"individual":[387],"patient":[388],"highly":[390],"specific":[391],"single":[394],"GP.":[395],"Clinically,":[396],"present":[399],"very":[401],"counts":[404],"acute,":[406],"sometimes":[407],"severe,":[408],"Treatment":[410],"restricted":[412],"withdrawal":[414],"symptomatic":[419],"bleeding.":[422]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
