{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1975387115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15241/rcr.5.1.1","title":"The U.S. Workforce from 1960 to 2010: A RIASEC View","display_name":"The U.S. Workforce from 1960 to 2010: A RIASEC View","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1975387115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15241/rcr.5.1.1","mag":"1975387115"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.15241/rcr.5.1.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15241/rcr.5.1.1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15241/rcr.5.1.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227147","display_name":"The Professional Counselor","issn_l":"2164-3989","issn":["2164-3989"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Professional Counselor","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.15241/rcr.5.1.1","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039346247","display_name":"Mary\u2010Catherine McClain","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mary-Catherine McClain","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088637162","display_name":"Robert C. Reardon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2566-8053","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2566-8053"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert C. Reardon","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9504,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87575208,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10726","display_name":"Career Development and Diversity","score":0.9707000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10726","display_name":"Career Development and Diversity","score":0.9707000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.008200000040233135,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11779","display_name":"Higher Education and Employability","score":0.0034000000450760126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/holland-s-theory-of-vocational-choice","display_name":"Holland's theory of vocational choice","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-classification","display_name":"occupational classification","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employment-trends","display_name":"employment trends","score":0.5009999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-income","display_name":"occupational income","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stem-employment","display_name":"STEM employment","score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/o-net","display_name":"O*NET","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/career-guidance","display_name":"career guidance","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/career-development","display_name":"career development","score":0.4959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/career-guidance-practice","display_name":"career guidance practice","score":0.3700000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7047548294067383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778139618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13440398","display_name":"Workforce","level":2,"score":0.5594627857208252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.41374269127845764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.15920299291610718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.14820167422294617}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.15241/rcr.5.1.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15241/rcr.5.1.1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15241/rcr.5.1.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227147","display_name":"The Professional Counselor","issn_l":"2164-3989","issn":["2164-3989"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Professional Counselor","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.15241/rcr.5.1.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15241/rcr.5.1.1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15241/rcr.5.1.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227147","display_name":"The Professional Counselor","issn_l":"2164-3989","issn":["2164-3989"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Professional Counselor","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.6452000141143799}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W156768091","https://openalex.org/W658755747","https://openalex.org/W1493284964","https://openalex.org/W1515154043","https://openalex.org/W1596880458","https://openalex.org/W1976148546","https://openalex.org/W1994187598","https://openalex.org/W2015570174","https://openalex.org/W2038268625","https://openalex.org/W2064062656","https://openalex.org/W2068890800","https://openalex.org/W2069177106","https://openalex.org/W2087589452","https://openalex.org/W2120183934","https://openalex.org/W2129084881","https://openalex.org/W2156325410","https://openalex.org/W2166133196","https://openalex.org/W2314756849","https://openalex.org/W2489501857","https://openalex.org/W2798297132","https://openalex.org/W2899636831","https://openalex.org/W2916924017","https://openalex.org/W3083225435"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389052736","https://openalex.org/W2156325410","https://openalex.org/W1994187598","https://openalex.org/W2804158228","https://openalex.org/W2120183934","https://openalex.org/W2916924017","https://openalex.org/W2160772884","https://openalex.org/W7100582317","https://openalex.org/W7098159691","https://openalex.org/W2124303251"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,243],"this":[1,137,244,307],"article,":[2,245],"the":[3,16,44,54,62,101,107,205,210,214,237,241,248,254,296,301,317,327,337,342,379,394,404,415,427,439,458,475,530,563,573],"authors":[4,52],"analyze":[5],"ways":[6,523],"of":[7,29,56,64,100,109,157,213,223,236,265,300,311,316,329,339,358,396,406,419,426,432,441,453,565,579],"categorizing":[8,580],"civilian":[9],"occupations":[10,482,557],"and":[11,38,49,61,72,83,104,111,117,131,150,152,166,184,231,253,261,273,280,298,304,367,389,474,483,496,503,512,526,536,570,583],"employment":[12,37,48,57,267,305],"data":[13,42,260],"collected":[14],"by":[15,126,256],"U.S.":[17,319],"Census":[18],"Bureau":[19],"over":[20,59,143,333],"6":[21],"decades":[22],"(1960-2010)":[23],"with":[24,78,498],"respect":[25],"to":[26,68,121,147,277,324,365,403,429,480,544,546],"six":[27],"kinds":[28],"work":[30,383,473,581],"(Holland's":[31],"RIASEC":[32,93,193,251,278,343],"classification),":[33],"occupational":[34,266,359,490],"titles":[35],"used,":[36],"income.":[39,50],"O*NET":[40],"provided":[41],"for":[43,81,386,472,487],"2010":[45,258],"census":[46,259],"regarding":[47],"The":[51,75],"discuss":[53],"distribution":[55,328,338],"changes":[58],"time":[60,452],"examination":[63,218],"findings":[65],"in":[66,106,155,171,180,240,268,275,349,354,410,422,447,457,521,572],"relation":[67,276],"science,":[69],"technology,":[70],"engineering":[71],"mathematics":[73],"fields.":[74],"article":[76],"concludes":[77],"practical":[79,390,420],"implications":[80],"counseling":[82,110,449],"guidance":[84],"practice.Keywords:":[85],"Holland,":[86],"RIASEC,":[87],"census,":[88],"employment,":[89,360],"occupations,":[90],"incomeHolland's":[91],"(1997)":[92],"theory":[94,138,149,252,282],"is":[95,322,331,384,400,418],"generally":[96],"recognized":[97],"as":[98,445,524,576],"one":[99],"most":[102],"important":[103,323,385],"influential":[105],"field":[108],"career":[112,290,368],"development.":[113],"Foutch,":[114],"McHugh,":[115],"Bertoch,":[116],"Reardon":[118,513],"(2014)":[119],"sought":[120],"verify":[122],"such":[123,444],"an":[124,411,566],"observation":[125],"using":[127],"bibliographic":[128],"research":[129],"tools":[130],"identified":[132,436],"all":[133],"publications":[134,173],"based":[135],"on":[136],"from":[139,294,306,347],"1953-2011.":[140],"They":[141],"found":[142],"1,970":[144],"reference":[145],"citations":[146,169],"Holland's":[148,192,281],"applications,":[151],"categorized":[153],"them":[154],"terms":[156],"practice,":[158],"specific":[159],"populations":[160,165],"(e.g.,":[161,174],"K-12),":[162],"instruments,":[163],"diverse":[164],"theory.":[167,242],"These":[168],"appeared":[170],"275":[172],"books,":[175],"journals,":[176],"periodicals,":[177],"reports)":[178],"produced":[179],"varied":[181],"professional":[182],"fields":[183,222],"disciplines":[185],"worldwide.Many":[186],"counselors":[187,366],"know":[188,325],"relatively":[189],"more":[190,501],"about":[191,438],"personality":[194],"typology":[195,215],"than":[196],"corresponding":[197],"environmental":[198,211],"models":[199],"(Reardon":[200],"&":[201,285],"Lenz,":[202],"1998).":[203],"From":[204],"outset,":[206],"Holland":[207],"believed":[208],"that":[209,468,555,562],"aspects":[212,235],"needed":[216],"further":[217],"(Weinrach,":[219],"1980).":[220],"Occupations,":[221],"study":[224],"or":[225,377],"academic":[226],"disciplines,":[227],"organizations,":[228],"leisure":[229],"activities,":[230],"jobs":[232,330,340],"(positions)":[233],"are":[234,374,538,558],"environment":[238,255],"included":[239],"we":[246],"address":[247],"interaction":[249],"between":[250],"examining":[257],"updating":[262],"prior":[263],"studies":[264],"1960,":[269],"1970,":[270],"1980,":[271],"1990":[272],"2000":[274],"codes":[279],"(Reardon,":[283],"Bullock,":[284],"Meyer,":[286],"2007).Various":[287],"people":[288,407],"contemplating":[289],"decisions":[291],"can":[292,362],"benefit":[293],"understanding":[295],"scope":[297],"nature":[299],"labor":[302,380],"force":[303],"psychological,":[308],"counseling-based":[309],"point":[310],"view.":[312],"Moreover,":[313],"given":[314],"characteristics":[315],"contemporary":[318],"economy,":[320],"it":[321],"how":[326],"changing":[332,559],"time.":[334],"For":[335,392,461],"example,":[336,393,462],"across":[341],"categories":[344],"has":[345],"changed":[346,520],"1960-2010":[348],"some":[350,556],"ways,":[351],"but":[352,560],"not":[353],"others.":[355],"An":[356],"analysis":[357],"then,":[361],"be":[363],"beneficial":[364],"services":[369],"providers":[370],"assisting":[371],"those":[372],"who":[373],"unemployed,":[375],"displaced":[376],"exploring":[378],"force.":[381],"This":[382],"both":[387],"theoretical":[388],"reasons.":[391],"number":[395,405,416],"annual":[397],"job":[398,423,485,499],"openings":[399],"strongly":[401],"related":[402],"currently":[408],"working":[409],"occupation,":[412],"so":[413],"knowing":[414],"employed":[417],"importance":[421],"hunting":[424],"because":[425],"need":[428],"replace":[430],"workers.Authors":[431],"recent":[433],"literature":[434],"have":[435,478,519,528,533],"concerns":[437],"use":[440],"outmoded":[442],"concepts":[443],"occupation":[446,567],"career/life":[448],"at":[450],"a":[451,547,577],"unprecedented":[454],"socioeconomic":[455],"change":[456],"global":[459],"economy.":[460],"Savickas":[463],"et":[464,506],"al.":[465],"(2009)":[466],"noted":[467],"new":[469],"social":[470,574],"arrangements":[471],"digital":[476],"revolution":[477],"led":[479],"unstable":[481],"frequent":[484,502],"transitions":[486,500],"individuals:":[488],"Today,":[489],"prospects":[491],"seem":[492],"far":[493],"less":[494],"definable":[495],"predictable,":[497],"difficult":[504],"(Savickas":[505],"al.,":[507],"2009,":[508],"p.":[509],"240).":[510],"Sampson":[511],"(2011)":[514],"summarized":[515],"these":[516],"ideas:":[517],"Occupations":[532],"fundamental":[522],"technology":[525],"globalization":[527],"reshaped":[529],"workplace.":[531],"become":[534],"fluid":[535],"organizations":[537],"evolving":[539,549],"rapidly,":[540],"adapting":[541],"their":[542],"workforce":[543],"respond":[545],"rapidly":[548],"marketplace":[550],"(p.":[551],"41).":[552],"We":[553],"agree":[554],"conclude":[561],"concept":[564],"remains":[568],"common":[569],"useful":[571],"sciences":[575],"way":[578],"activities":[582],"employment.":[584],"\u2026":[585]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-21T07:43:02.447757","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}