{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1975375484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2010.0509","title":"Using Biogenic Sulfur Gases as Remotely Detectable Biosignatures on Anoxic Planets","display_name":"Using Biogenic Sulfur Gases as Remotely Detectable Biosignatures on Anoxic Planets","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1975375484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2010.0509","mag":"1975375484","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21663401","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3133782"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1089/ast.2010.0509","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2010.0509","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2010.0509","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202896352","display_name":"Astrobiology","issn_l":"1531-1074","issn":["1531-1074","1557-8070"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320443","host_organization_name":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320443","https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Astrobiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2010.0509","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037680611","display_name":"Shawn D. Domagal-Goldman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0354-9325","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0354-9325"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124779","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shawn D. Domagal-Goldman","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Headquarters, Washington DC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Headquarters, Washington DC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051034436","display_name":"Victoria Meadows","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1386-1710","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1386-1710"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199361194","display_name":"NASA Astrobiology Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01qxmdg18","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199361194","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victoria S. Meadows","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Astrobiology Institute","University of Washington","Astronomy Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Astrobiology Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199361194"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Astronomy Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010846881","display_name":"Mark W. Claire","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9518-089X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9518-089X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199361194","display_name":"NASA Astrobiology Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01qxmdg18","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199361194","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark W. Claire","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Astrobiology Institute","University of Washington","Astronomy Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Astrobiology Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199361194"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Astronomy Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078053479","display_name":"James F. Kasting","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4042-2067","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4042-2067"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199361194","display_name":"NASA Astrobiology Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01qxmdg18","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199361194","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James F. Kasting","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Astrobiology Institute","The Pennsylvania State University","Department of Geosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Astrobiology Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199361194"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Pennsylvania State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037680611"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124779"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8098,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":190,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93103,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"5","first_page":"419","last_page":"441"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12788","display_name":"Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life","score":0.8529999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12788","display_name":"Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life","score":0.8529999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10039","display_name":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","score":0.0803999975323677,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10406","display_name":"Planetary Science and Exploration","score":0.03020000085234642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1912","display_name":"Space and Planetary Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biosignatures","display_name":"biosignatures","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organosulfur-compounds","display_name":"organosulfur compounds","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimethyl-sulfide","display_name":"dimethyl sulfide","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimethyl-disulfide","display_name":"dimethyl disulfide","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-disulfide","display_name":"carbon disulfide","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbonyl-sulfide","display_name":"carbonyl sulfide","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methanethiol","display_name":"methanethiol","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exoplanet-characterization","display_name":"exoplanet characterization","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uv-flux","display_name":"UV flux","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/m-dwarf-habitable-zone","display_name":"M dwarf habitable zone","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethane","display_name":"ethane","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methane","display_name":"methane","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photochemical-modeling","display_name":"photochemical modeling","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiative-transfer-model","display_name":"radiative transfer modeling","score":0.828000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518881349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682","display_name":"Sulfur","level":2,"score":0.854476809501648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778413813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423133","display_name":"Dimethyl sulfide","level":3,"score":0.8073599338531494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C516920438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37129","display_name":"Methane","level":2,"score":0.7912466526031494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108970007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q568324","display_name":"Anoxic waters","level":2,"score":0.7578407526016235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775852224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419800","display_name":"Dimethyl disulfide","level":3,"score":0.722740888595581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87355193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411","display_name":"Astrobiology","level":1,"score":0.6729182004928589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5944857597351074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.5391948223114014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65440619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177974","display_name":"Atmosphere (unit)","level":2,"score":0.4587462544441223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778798282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412371","display_name":"Carbonyl sulfide","level":3,"score":0.44909414649009705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780596425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221205","display_name":"Sulfide","level":2,"score":0.4370361566543579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51244244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634","display_name":"Planet","level":2,"score":0.4148303270339966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.14028283953666687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.06201905012130737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.05098384618759155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000042","descriptor_name":"Absorption","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000693","descriptor_name":"Anaerobiosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001272","descriptor_name":"Atmosphere","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005118","descriptor_name":"Extraterrestrial Environment","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005740","descriptor_name":"Gases","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005740","descriptor_name":"Gases","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013455","descriptor_name":"Sulfur","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013455","descriptor_name":"Sulfur","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013816","descriptor_name":"Thermodynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016082","descriptor_name":"Solar System","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016083","descriptor_name":"Planets","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018559","descriptor_name":"Exobiology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019369","descriptor_name":"Life","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1089/ast.2010.0509","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2010.0509","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2010.0509","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202896352","display_name":"Astrobiology","issn_l":"1531-1074","issn":["1531-1074","1557-8070"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320443","host_organization_name":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320443","https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Astrobiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2149031","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3133782","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3133782","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3133782","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Astrobiology","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:21663401","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21663401","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Astrobiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/9553","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10023/9553","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400230","display_name":"St Andrews Research Repository (St Andrews Research Repository)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I16835326","host_organization_name":"University of St Andrews","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16835326"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk:36907","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/36907/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400384","display_name":"UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","host_organization_name":"University of East Anglia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1089/ast.2010.0509","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2010.0509","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2010.0509","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202896352","display_name":"Astrobiology","issn_l":"1531-1074","issn":["1531-1074","1557-8070"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320443","host_organization_name":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320443","https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Astrobiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2782370352","display_name":"TITLE: SIGNATURES OF LIFE FROM EARTH AND BEYOND IS IN RESPONSE TO CAN #NNH08ZDA002C  NASA ASTROBIOLOGY INSTITUTE  -  CYCLE 5  BASIC AWARD FOR CYCLE FIVE OF NAI TO PENN STATE.1260.51 COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT SPECIAL CONDITION.  (OCTOBER 2000)  (A) THIS AWARD IS A COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT AS IT IS ANTICIPATED THERE WILL BE SUBSTANTIAL NASA INVOLVEMENT DURING PERFORMANCE OF THE EFFORT.  NASA AND THE RECIPIENT MUTUALLY AGREE TO THE FOLLOWING STATEMENT OF ANTICIPATED COOPERATIVE INTERACTIONS WHICH MAY OCCUR DURING THE PERFORMANCE OF THIS EFFORT:  NAI CENTRAL IS RESPONSIBLE FOR COORDINATING INSTITUTE ACTIVITIES  ADVOCATING THE NEEDS & SCIENTIFIC INTERESTS OF THE MEMBERS OF THIS COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT  DISBURSING FUNDS (INCLUDING A STRATEGIC DIRECTOR S DISCRETIONARY FUND FOR HIGH-RISK/HIGH-PAYOFF RESEARCH PROJECTS AND FOR FOSTERING COLLABORATION BETWEEN MEMBERS)  SPONSORING THE NAI POSTDOCTORAL FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM  COLLECTING AND ARCHIVING INFORMATION ON RESEARCH ACCOMPLISHMENTS & PUBLICATIONS  ORGANIZING FOCUS GROUP MEETINGS & WORKSHOPS  & EXPEDITING NETWORK CONNECTIVITY WHILE ENGINEERING THE INTERFACES BETWEEN THE SCIENTISTS & THE NETWORK.  NAI CENTRAL IS ALSO RESPONSIBLE FOR ORGANIZING GENERAL MEETINGS  WORKSHOPS  & STRATEGIC RETREATS TO ENGAGE MEMBERS OF THE INSTITUTE IN INTEGRATED RESEARCH.  NAI CENTRAL WILL  IN ADDITION  COORDINATE INSTITUTE-WIDE ACTIVITIES  IN EDUCATION & PUBLIC OUTREACH  & IN THE TRAINING OF STUDENTS & OTHER YOUNG INVESTIGATORS.AT THE CORE OF ASTROBIOLOGY IS THE CONSTRUCTION OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE THAT ENABLES THE RECOGNITION OF SIGNATURES OF LIFE ON EARLY EARTH  IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS  AND IN EXTRATERRESTRIAL SETTINGS.  TOGETHER WITH NEW CO-INVESTIGATORS FROM UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA  LOS ANGELES AND CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY  WE PROPOSE TO DEVELOP NOVEL APPROACHES TO DETECTING AND CHARACTERIZING LIFE  INVESTIGATE BIOSIGNATURES IN MISSION-RELEVANT ECOSYSTEMS AND ANCIENT ROCKS  AND EVALUATE THE POTENTIAL FOR BIOSIGNATURES IN EXTRATERRESTRIAL SETTINGS.(1) DEVELOPING NEW BIOSIGNATURES   THE DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF POTENTIAL INDICATORS OF LIFE IS ESSENTIAL FOR PROVIDING A CRITICAL SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR EXPLORATION OF LIFE IN THE COSMOS.  OUR EFFORTS WILL FOCUS ON CREATING INNOVATIVE APPROACHES FOR THE ANALYSES OF CELLS AND OTHER ORGANIC MATERIAL  FINDING WAYS IN WHICH METAL ABUNDANCES AND ISOTOPE SYSTEMS REFLECT LIFE  AND DEVELOPING CREATIVE APPROACHES FOR USING ENVIRONMENTAL DNA TO STUDY PRESENT AND PAST LIFE.(2) BIOSIGNATURES IN RELEVANT MICROBIAL ECOSYSTEMS   PSARC WILL INVESTIGATE MICROBIAL LIFE IN SOME OF EARTH S MOST MISSION-RELEVANT ECOSYSTEMS  THE DEAD SEA  THE CHESAPEAKE IMPACT STRUCTURE  THE METHANE SEEPS OF THE EEL RIVER BASIN  AND THE GREENLAND GLACIER ICE.(3) BIOSIGNATURES IN ANCIENT ROCKS   THE EARTH S ARCHEAN AND PROTEROZOICEONS OFFER THE BEST OPPORTUNITY OF INVESTIGATING A MICROBIAL WORLD  SUCH AS MIGHT BE FOUND ELSEWHERE IN THE COSMOS.  THE ANCIENT RECORD ON EARTH PROVIDES ON OPPORTUNITY TO SEE WHAT GEOCHEMICAL SIGNATURES ARE PRODUCED BY MICROBIAL LIFE AND HOW THESE SIGNATURES ARE PRESERVED OVER GEOLOGIC TIME.(4) BIOSIGNATURES IN EXTRATERRESTRIAL SETTING.  PSARC WILL INVESTIGATE THE ABUNDANCE OF SULFUR GASES AND ELUCIDATE HOW THESE GASES CAN BE EXPECTED TO EVOLVE WITH TIME ON YOUNG TERRESTRIAL PLANETS.  WE WILL CONTINUE STUDIES OF PLANET FORMATION IN THE PRESENCE OF MIGRATION AND MODEL RADIAL TRANSPORT OF VOLATILES IN YOUNG PLANETARY SYSTEMS.  FINAL PSARC WILL BE INVOLVED WITH SEARCHES FOR M STAR PLANETARY COMPANIONS AND PLANETS AROUND K-GIANT STARS.(B) THE TERMS ....(C) NASA S ABILITY TO PARTICIPATE ....","funder_award_id":"NNA09DA76A","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3535841242","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NNH05ZDA001C","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4033973077","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"#NNA09DA76A","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331934","funder_display_name":"NASA Astrobiology Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G787580882","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NNA09DA76A","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310094","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331934","display_name":"NASA Astrobiology Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01qxmdg18"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":150,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W178099084","https://openalex.org/W223648972","https://openalex.org/W603443959","https://openalex.org/W1481998595","https://openalex.org/W1534620796","https://openalex.org/W1545811825","https://openalex.org/W1576808635","https://openalex.org/W1586511051","https://openalex.org/W1586821315","https://openalex.org/W1608669614","https://openalex.org/W1638884317","https://openalex.org/W1963678180","https://openalex.org/W1965198394","https://openalex.org/W1965454628","https://openalex.org/W1967478648","https://openalex.org/W1969209996","https://openalex.org/W1969468624","https://openalex.org/W1970369952","https://openalex.org/W1970635434","https://openalex.org/W1971353352","https://openalex.org/W1971597398","https://openalex.org/W1972051159","https://openalex.org/W1972519089","https://openalex.org/W1972716255","https://openalex.org/W1973941827","https://openalex.org/W1974677119","https://openalex.org/W1975008107","https://openalex.org/W1980389411","https://openalex.org/W1982072307","https://openalex.org/W1982912142","https://openalex.org/W1983782186","https://openalex.org/W1986138562","https://openalex.org/W1992086573","https://openalex.org/W1994910972","https://openalex.org/W1995331592","https://openalex.org/W1995722997","https://openalex.org/W1998902588","https://openalex.org/W1998971319","https://openalex.org/W1999330514","https://openalex.org/W1999845220","https://openalex.org/W1999864719","https://openalex.org/W2001779508","https://openalex.org/W2004679823","https://openalex.org/W2004799172","https://openalex.org/W2005052360","https://openalex.org/W2005686998","https://openalex.org/W2005751973","https://openalex.org/W2007256870","https://openalex.org/W2007558707","https://openalex.org/W2008345866","https://openalex.org/W2008738543","https://openalex.org/W2009808953","https://openalex.org/W2009830819","https://openalex.org/W2015776919","https://openalex.org/W2015988075","https://openalex.org/W2016331324","https://openalex.org/W2018028106","https://openalex.org/W2023366744","https://openalex.org/W2025793226","https://openalex.org/W2026796374","https://openalex.org/W2026953409","https://openalex.org/W2027006169","https://openalex.org/W2027685206","https://openalex.org/W2027755796","https://openalex.org/W2029298181","https://openalex.org/W2030099039","https://openalex.org/W2030930689","https://openalex.org/W2033191700","https://openalex.org/W2034095398","https://openalex.org/W2034902428","https://openalex.org/W2035201949","https://openalex.org/W2036466629","https://openalex.org/W2037385516","https://openalex.org/W2038887223","https://openalex.org/W2039495070","https://openalex.org/W2040807457","https://openalex.org/W2041142620","https://openalex.org/W2042321058","https://openalex.org/W2046484550","https://openalex.org/W2047054262","https://openalex.org/W2047775769","https://openalex.org/W2049212954","https://openalex.org/W2053290328","https://openalex.org/W2054914927","https://openalex.org/W2055415944","https://openalex.org/W2055501545","https://openalex.org/W2057172641","https://openalex.org/W2057708594","https://openalex.org/W2057831122","https://openalex.org/W2060546989","https://openalex.org/W2061898715","https://openalex.org/W2066821353","https://openalex.org/W2068723602","https://openalex.org/W2073266621","https://openalex.org/W2073922633","https://openalex.org/W2074064282","https://openalex.org/W2075022706","https://openalex.org/W2075390639","https://openalex.org/W2076574999","https://openalex.org/W2079314440","https://openalex.org/W2081226686","https://openalex.org/W2082045986","https://openalex.org/W2082959478","https://openalex.org/W2084185361","https://openalex.org/W2085714862","https://openalex.org/W2090437031","https://openalex.org/W2091036454","https://openalex.org/W2091183826","https://openalex.org/W2093482193","https://openalex.org/W2095619493","https://openalex.org/W2101017339","https://openalex.org/W2102468142","https://openalex.org/W2102882008","https://openalex.org/W2104259224","https://openalex.org/W2104793791","https://openalex.org/W2104839310","https://openalex.org/W2113408583","https://openalex.org/W2113890943","https://openalex.org/W2114514241","https://openalex.org/W2123354440","https://openalex.org/W2128153489","https://openalex.org/W2132814001","https://openalex.org/W2133151341","https://openalex.org/W2133796863","https://openalex.org/W2134685020","https://openalex.org/W2136617541","https://openalex.org/W2141608133","https://openalex.org/W2150501288","https://openalex.org/W2154252420","https://openalex.org/W2160335211","https://openalex.org/W2161480126","https://openalex.org/W2165626890","https://openalex.org/W2168225205","https://openalex.org/W2253069555","https://openalex.org/W2264732326","https://openalex.org/W2317051349","https://openalex.org/W2320084139","https://openalex.org/W2419599992","https://openalex.org/W2500119400","https://openalex.org/W2600858767","https://openalex.org/W2952500778","https://openalex.org/W2997925915","https://openalex.org/W3041987749","https://openalex.org/W4211105962","https://openalex.org/W4235843098","https://openalex.org/W4238691261","https://openalex.org/W4245950087","https://openalex.org/W4248821012","https://openalex.org/W4249820048","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4402725696","https://openalex.org/W2767585276","https://openalex.org/W7124906389","https://openalex.org/W3037887062","https://openalex.org/W2013838784","https://openalex.org/W4393177892","https://openalex.org/W4392649728","https://openalex.org/W2157024043","https://openalex.org/W2005751973","https://openalex.org/W7128486661"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"used":[1],"one-dimensional":[2],"photochemical":[3],"and":[4,20,47,61,150],"radiative":[5],"transfer":[6],"models":[7],"to":[8,22,50,70],"study":[9],"the":[10,87,123,139,148,153],"potential":[11],"of":[12,33,78,90,99],"organic":[13,34,100,135],"sulfur":[14,35,42,101,136],"compounds":[15],"(CS(2),":[16],"OCS,":[17],"CH(3)SH,":[18],"CH(3)SCH(3),":[19],"CH(3)S(2)CH(3))":[21],"act":[23],"as":[24],"remotely":[25,71],"detectable":[26,72,97],"biosignatures":[27],"in":[28,76,86,112,152],"anoxic":[29,45],"exoplanetary":[30],"atmospheres.":[31],"Concentrations":[32],"gases":[36,102],"were":[37,48],"predicted":[38,120],"for":[39],"various":[40],"biogenic":[41],"fluxes":[43],"into":[44],"atmospheres":[46],"found":[49],"increase":[51,69,111],"with":[52],"decreasing":[53],"UV":[54,81],"fluxes.":[55],"Dimethyl":[56],"sulfide":[57],"(CH(3)SCH(3),":[58],"or":[59,65],"DMS)":[60],"dimethyl":[62],"disulfide":[63],"(CH(3)S(2)CH(3),":[64],"DMDS)":[66],"concentrations":[67],"could":[68,132,145],"levels,":[73],"but":[74],"only":[75],"cases":[77],"extremely":[79],"low":[80],"fluxes,":[82],"which":[83,117],"may":[84],"occur":[85],"habitable":[88],"zone":[89],"an":[91,104,110],"inactive":[92],"M":[93],"dwarf.":[94],"The":[95],"most":[96],"feature":[98],"is":[103],"indirect":[105],"one":[106],"that":[107,116,141],"results":[108],"from":[109],"ethane":[113,149],"(C(2)H(6))":[114],"over":[115],"would":[118],"be":[119],"based":[121],"on":[122],"planet's":[124],"methane":[125,151],"(CH(4))":[126],"concentration.":[127],"Thus,":[128],"a":[129],"characterization":[130],"mission":[131],"detect":[133],"these":[134],"gases-and":[137],"therefore":[138],"life":[140],"produces":[142],"them-if":[143],"it":[144],"sufficiently":[146],"quantify":[147],"exoplanet's":[154],"atmosphere.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
