{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1975276606","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.52.4.041108","title":"Search and detection modeling of military imaging systems","display_name":"Search and detection modeling of military imaging systems","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-04-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1975276606","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.52.4.041108","mag":"1975276606"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/1.oe.52.4.041108","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.52.4.041108","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.52.4.041108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S175543413","display_name":"Optical Engineering","issn_l":"0091-3286","issn":["0091-3286","1560-2303"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013898686","display_name":"Tana Maurer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802705668","display_name":"United States Army Combat Capabilities Development Command","ror":"https://ror.org/02rdkx920","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802705668","https://openalex.org/I4210154437"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088792","display_name":"United States Army","ror":"https://ror.org/00afsp483","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405270705","display_name":"Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate","ror":"https://ror.org/016s8wt97","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405270705"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tana Maurer","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Army Night Vision & Electronic Sensors Directorate","Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate, U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Command, CERDEC, 10221 Burbeck Road, Fort Belvoir, Virginia 22060"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Army Night Vision & Electronic Sensors Directorate","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088792","https://openalex.org/I4405270705"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate, U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Command, CERDEC, 10221 Burbeck Road, Fort Belvoir, Virginia 22060","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802705668","https://openalex.org/I4210088792","https://openalex.org/I4405270705"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059314323","display_name":"David L. Wilson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9763-1463","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9763-1463"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802705668","display_name":"United States Army Combat Capabilities Development Command","ror":"https://ror.org/02rdkx920","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802705668","https://openalex.org/I4210154437"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088792","display_name":"United States Army","ror":"https://ror.org/00afsp483","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405270705","display_name":"Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate","ror":"https://ror.org/016s8wt97","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405270705"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David L. Wilson","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Army Night Vision & Electronic Sensors Directorate","Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate, U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Command, CERDEC, 10221 Burbeck Road, Fort Belvoir, Virginia 22060"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Army Night Vision & Electronic Sensors Directorate","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088792","https://openalex.org/I4405270705"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate, U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Command, CERDEC, 10221 Burbeck Road, Fort Belvoir, Virginia 22060","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802705668","https://openalex.org/I4210088792","https://openalex.org/I4405270705"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111595363","display_name":"Ronald G. Driggers","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288214837","display_name":"United States Naval Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04d23a975","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I175003984","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronald G. Driggers","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Naval Research Lab","U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue, SW, Washington, District of Columbia 20375"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Naval Research Lab","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue, SW, Washington, District of Columbia 20375","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3998,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82254558,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"52","issue":"04","first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.43070000410079956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.43070000410079956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.2533999979496002,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.1429000049829483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-modeling","display_name":"sensor modeling","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-observer-performance","display_name":"human observer performance","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"clutter","score":0.42100000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/target-acquisition","display_name":"target acquisition","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-bands","display_name":"spectral bands","score":0.7630000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7031072974205017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.6355845332145691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779726219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7685884","display_name":"Target acquisition","level":2,"score":0.5753895044326782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55282118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252683","display_name":"Snapshot (computer storage)","level":2,"score":0.5603306293487549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4997847080230713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48362699151039124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4209403395652771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779669469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4895508","display_name":"Battlefield","level":2,"score":0.4159718453884125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3474906086921692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.15210887789726257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1451517641544342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13806939125061035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/1.oe.52.4.041108","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.52.4.041108","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.52.4.041108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S175543413","display_name":"Optical Engineering","issn_l":"0091-3286","issn":["0091-3286","1560-2303"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2126674446","https://openalex.org/W7101144747","https://openalex.org/W2073215294","https://openalex.org/W2073239864","https://openalex.org/W1543238790","https://openalex.org/W1990811933","https://openalex.org/W7097969705","https://openalex.org/W2080342237","https://openalex.org/W95108590","https://openalex.org/W2107942986"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"more":[1],"than":[2],"50":[3],"years,":[4,172],"the":[5,20,23,56,63,66,71,83,101,117,133,160,170,185,190,204,227,260,287],"U.S.":[6],"Army":[7],"RDECOM":[8],"CERDEC":[9],"Night":[10],"Vision":[11],"and":[12,28,30,36,58,87,98,173,180,184,203,233,264,289,298,304],"Electronic":[13],"Sensors":[14],"Directorate":[15],"(NVESD)":[16],"has":[17,68,137,230],"been":[18,231],"studying":[19],"science":[21],"behind":[22],"human":[24,46],"processes":[25],"of":[26,65,119,135,148,159,167,178,189,226,245,259,262,267],"searching":[27],"detecting,":[29],"using":[31,52],"that":[32,60,149,229,256],"knowledge":[33],"to":[34,111,115,124,144,192,214,237,241,301],"develop":[35],"refine":[37],"its":[38,208],"models":[39,74,79,202],"for":[40,89],"military":[41,49,95,268],"imaging":[42,53,269],"systems.":[43],"Modeling":[44],"how":[45],"observers":[47],"perform":[48],"tasks":[50],"while":[51],"systems":[54,67,270],"in":[55,70,109,129,276],"field":[57],"linking":[59],"model":[61,206],"with":[62,156,175,207,278,293],"physics":[64],"resulted":[69],"comprehensive":[72],"sensor":[73,90,92],"we":[75],"have":[76],"today.":[77],"These":[78],"are":[80],"used":[81],"by":[82,106,164,272],"government,":[84],"military,":[85],"industry,":[86],"academia":[88],"development,":[91,97],"system":[93],"acquisition,":[94],"tactics":[96],"war-gaming.":[99],"From":[100],"original":[102],"hypothesis":[103],"put":[104],"forth":[105],"John":[107],"Johnson":[108],"1958,":[110],"modeling":[112,116,125,182,266],"time-limited":[113],"search,":[114,198],"impact":[118],"motion":[120],"on":[121,247],"target":[122,126],"detection,":[123],"acquisition":[127],"performance":[128],"different":[130],"spectral":[131],"bands,":[132],"concept":[134],"search":[136,179,263,291],"a":[138,146,157,165,176,216,222,248,294],"wide-ranging":[139],"history.":[140],"Our":[141],"purpose":[142],"is":[143,235,254],"present":[145,215],"snapshot":[147],"history;":[150],"as":[151],"such,":[152],"it":[153,253],"will":[154,195,284],"begin":[155],"description":[158],"search-modeling":[161],"task,":[162],"followed":[163],"summary":[166,297],"highlights":[168],"from":[169],"early":[171],"concluding":[174],"discussion":[177],"detection":[181,265],"today":[183],"changing":[186],"battlefield.":[187],"Some":[188],"topics":[191],"be":[193,196,238],"discussed":[194],"classic":[197],"clutter,":[199],"computational":[200],"vision":[201],"ACQUIRE":[205],"variants.":[209],"We":[210],"do":[211],"not":[212],"claim":[213],"complete":[217],"history":[218,261],"here,":[219],"but":[220],"rather":[221],"look":[223],"at":[224],"some":[225],"work":[228,246],"done,":[232],"this":[234,257],"meant":[236],"an":[239,242,299],"introduction":[240,300],"extensive":[243],"amount":[244],"complex":[249],"topic.":[250],"That":[251],"said,":[252],"hoped":[255],"overview":[258],"pursued":[271],"NVESD":[273],"directly,":[274],"or":[275,282],"association":[277],"other":[279],"government":[280],"agencies":[281],"contractors,":[283],"provide":[285],"both":[286],"novice":[288],"experienced":[290],"modeler":[292],"useful":[295],"historical":[296],"current":[302],"issues":[303],"future":[305],"challenges.":[306]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
