{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1975214541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.12064","title":"Metabolic flexibility and carnitine flux: The role of carnitine acyltransferase in glucose homeostasis","display_name":"Metabolic flexibility and carnitine flux: The role of carnitine acyltransferase in glucose homeostasis","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-03-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1975214541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.12064","mag":"1975214541","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24843661","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4015659"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/jdi.12064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.12064","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.12064","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/jdi.12064","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107365432","display_name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","issn_l":"2040-1116","issn":["2040-1116","2040-1124"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322041","host_organization_name":"Asian Association for the Study of Diabetes","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322041"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Asian Association for the Study of Diabetes"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/jdi.12064","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020046771","display_name":"Yugo Miyata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3245-4600","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3245-4600"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yugo Miyata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Metabolic Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University Suita Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Metabolic Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University Suita Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037246488","display_name":"Iichiro Shimomura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-9603","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-9603"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iichiro Shimomura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Metabolic Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University Suita Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Metabolic Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University Suita Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020046771"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"],"apc_list":{"value":3850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3850},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2199,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48919331,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"3","first_page":"247","last_page":"249"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11339","display_name":"Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer","score":0.7583000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11339","display_name":"Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer","score":0.7583000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11457","display_name":"Adipose Tissue and Metabolism","score":0.15410000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.01269999984651804,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolic-flexibility","display_name":"metabolic flexibility","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carnitine-acyltransferase","display_name":"carnitine acyltransferase","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/l-carnitine","display_name":"L-carnitine","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skeletal-muscle","display_name":"skeletal muscle","score":0.5870000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-resistance","display_name":"insulin resistance","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipotoxicity","display_name":"lipotoxicity","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mitochondrial-dysfunction","display_name":"mitochondrial dysfunction","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glucose-homeostasis","display_name":"glucose homeostasis","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fatty-acid-oxidation","display_name":"fatty acid oxidation","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/l-carnitine-supplementation","display_name":"carnitine supplementation","score":0.7879999876022339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44353895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6556772","display_name":"Lipotoxicity","level":4,"score":0.9360772967338562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777391703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053470","display_name":"Insulin resistance","level":3,"score":0.8657702207565308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.745445966720581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.7423241138458252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5581005215644836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779959927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048687","display_name":"Skeletal muscle","level":2,"score":0.5542829036712646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112446052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422579","display_name":"Insulin receptor","level":4,"score":0.5393540263175964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.5221866965293884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777866211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5572349","display_name":"Glucose uptake","level":3,"score":0.5041950941085815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778435403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q243309","display_name":"Carnitine","level":2,"score":0.4297584295272827}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/jdi.12064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.12064","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.12064","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/jdi.12064","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107365432","display_name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","issn_l":"2040-1116","issn":["2040-1116","2040-1124"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322041","host_organization_name":"Asian Association for the Study of Diabetes","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322041"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Asian Association for the Study of Diabetes"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3001459","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4015659","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4015659","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4015659","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Diabetes Investig","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:24843661","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24843661","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of diabetes investigation","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.804.1889","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.804.1889","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/7f/60/jdi-4-247.PMC4015659.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/jdi.12064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.12064","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.12064","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/jdi.12064","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107365432","display_name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","issn_l":"2040-1116","issn":["2040-1116","2040-1124"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322041","host_organization_name":"Asian Association for the Study of Diabetes","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322041"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Asian Association for the Study of Diabetes"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1975214541.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1975214541.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999697076","https://openalex.org/W2023402149","https://openalex.org/W2025139842","https://openalex.org/W2105364942","https://openalex.org/W2164122881"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7096697067","https://openalex.org/W4408070442","https://openalex.org/W2016142529","https://openalex.org/W2164122881","https://openalex.org/W2107936408","https://openalex.org/W2051450869","https://openalex.org/W2071962989","https://openalex.org/W2168445785","https://openalex.org/W7095979173","https://openalex.org/W2014671368"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Skeletal":[0],"muscle":[1,34,147,580,607,983,1081,1173],"is":[2,30,68,148,195,296,331,345,368,389,433,571,596,929,1144],"the":[3,42,83,129,152,173,215,225,230,239,252,271,302,318,338,352,361,372,413,440,474,480,526,547,631,661,675,714,741,790,817,831,864,921,925,951,988,1000,1028,1037,1084,1150,1181,1190,1203],"major":[4,38],"site":[5],"of":[6,12,45,72,85,131,154,175,200,232,241,263,273,301,340,354,375,394,412,443,482,528,576,600,602,613,615,633,663,690,710,717,728,743,749,794,821,825,866,939,953,971,990,1030,1039,1083,1086,1097,1106,1156,1169,1184,1205],"glucose":[7,13,28,278,554,563,591,616,654,784,905,1154],"disposal,":[8],"accounting":[9],"for":[10,41,348,364,371,543,740,772],"80%":[11],"catabolism":[14],"under":[15,283,1012],"insulin-stimulated":[16,574,997],"conditions":[17,269],"in":[18,49,76,124,135,145,172,224,290,310,314,351,378,391,473,504,578,593,605,639,652,668,679,697,707,757,868,914,935,959,963,982,999,1004,1009,1024,1049,1079,1132,1139,1178],"healthy":[19],"subjects.":[20],"In":[21,285,484,558,686,762,969,1044,1067],"type":[22,158,291,718,883],"2":[23,159,292,719,884],"diabetes":[24,160,293,720,885],"mellitus":[25,294,721],"patients,":[26],"muscular":[27,77,105,167,325,646,855,1061],"uptake":[29,266],"decreased;":[31],"therefore,":[32],"skeletal":[33,125,146,392,486,579,606,640,708,1068,1080],"can":[35,80,462,851],"be":[36,410,610,724,736,1202],"a":[37,69,114,333,434,540,598,611,737,763,822,960,1045,1135,1147],"therapeutic":[39,54,738,823],"target":[40,739],"daily":[43],"control":[44],"hyperglycemia":[46],"and":[47,66,89,127,140,157,185,187,245,260,276,281,324,448,453,465,494,498,515,551,567,586,608,665,683,779,785,788,805,837,854,895,942,1006,1095,1118,1125,1160,1195,1197],"improvement":[48],"insulin":[50,57,91,106,122,138,155,201,207,242,326,565,603,744,786,795,828,856,869,1040,1065,1098],"sensitivity.":[51,1066],"To":[52,418],"develop":[53],"approaches":[55],"to":[56,82,104,151,210,229,238,254,270,304,312,450,492,511,525,726,833,882,932,949,1036,1064,1092,1141],"resistance,":[58,829],"numerous":[59],"researchers":[60,213],"have":[61,862],"shown":[62],"its":[63,349,496,512],"underlying":[64,415],"mechanisms,":[65,645],"there":[67],"great":[70],"deal":[71],"evidence":[73,98,820],"that":[74,100,165,220,438,573,590,732,848,875,1025,1033,1059,1115,1133],"abnormalities":[75],"mitochondrial":[78,222,306,362,373,464,475,497,626,849,876,889,897,909,927,936,944,954,1016,1031,1062,1087,1120,1142,1193],"function":[79,223,955,1032],"lead":[81,881],"accumulation":[84,174,231,662],"toxic":[86,176,233],"lipid":[87,168,177,258,274],"metabolites":[88,461],"induce":[90],"resistance":[92,123,139,156,327,566,796,1041,1091,1099],"(the":[93],"lipotoxicity":[94,216],"paradigm).":[95],"Furthermore,":[96],"increasing":[97],"indicates":[99],"metabolic":[101,119,141,249,287,322,341,402,416,568,806],"inflexibility":[102,120,288,323,807],"leads":[103,228],"resistance.":[107,243,745,857,870],"Indeed,":[108],"Muoio":[109,422,656,767,843],"et":[110,423,657,768,844,1053],"al.1":[111,424,658,845],"recently":[112],"described":[113],"molecular":[115,644],"mechanism":[116,339,1058],"by":[117,197,298,629,766,811,996],"which":[118,218,530,673],"causes":[121],"muscle,":[126,487,506],"showed":[128,562,660,847,903],"efficacy":[130],"carnitine":[132,344,388,427,449,703,733,778,812,826],"supplementation":[133,400,752,771],"therapy":[134],"patients":[136,295,722],"with":[137,337,468,1074],"inflexibility.":[142,417,569],"Mitochondrial":[143],"dysfunction":[144,850,877,928,1063,1121,1194],"considered":[149,332],"central":[150],"development":[153,240,1038],"mellitus.":[161,886],"Many":[162],"studies":[163,861],"show":[164],"decreased":[166,221,390,706,782,789,908,1075],"oxidation":[169,259,280,382,617],"capacity":[170,253,618,938,978,1078],"results":[171],"intermediates,":[178],"such":[179],"as":[180,251,924,1146],"diacylglycerol,":[181],"acyl-coenzyme":[182],"A":[183,900],"(acyl-CoA)":[184],"ceramides,":[186],"activates":[188],"atypical":[189],"protein":[190],"kinase":[191],"C":[192],"isoforms.":[193],"This":[194,523],"followed":[196],"serine":[198],"phosphorylation":[199,575,911,941,977,993,1008,1077],"receptor":[202],"substrates":[203],"and,":[204],"eventually,":[205],"impaired":[206,553,981,1177],"signaling.":[208],"According":[209],"these":[211,460,643,972],"findings,":[212],"postulated":[214],"hypothesis,":[217,421],"suggests":[219],"prediabetic":[226],"state":[227],"fatty":[234,264,356],"metabolites,":[235],"thereby":[236],"contributing":[237],"Kelley":[244],"Mandarino2":[246],"originally":[247],"defined":[248],"flexibility":[250],"switch":[255],"from":[256,519,670,681,985],"predominant":[257],"high":[261,1166],"rates":[262],"acid":[265,549],"during":[267],"fasting":[268],"suppression":[272,689],"oxidation,":[275],"increased":[277,775,904,1153],"uptake,":[279],"storage":[282],"insulin-stimulation.":[284],"contrast,":[286],"observed":[289,696,1090],"characterized":[297],"an":[299,532,649,1056],"inability":[300],"organism":[303],"shift":[305],"energy":[307,384],"sources":[308],"promptly":[309],"response":[311,1140],"changes":[313,998],"nutrient":[315],"availability.":[316],"However,":[317,503,871,1015,1171],"causal":[319],"relationship":[320,1191],"between":[321,584,1192],"remains":[328],"unclear.":[329,1043],"Carnitine":[330],"key":[334],"molecule":[335],"associated":[336],"flexibility.":[342,403],"Although":[343],"best":[346],"known":[347],"role":[350,651,865],"import":[353],"long-chain":[355,666],"acids":[357],"(acyl":[358],"groups)":[359],"into":[360,546],"matrix":[363],"subsequent":[365,1119],"\u03b2-oxidation,":[366],"it":[367,478],"also":[369,659,695,803,846,1176],"necessary":[370],"efflux":[374,407,500,632],"acyl":[376],"groups":[377],"cases":[379],"where":[380,477],"substrate":[381],"exceeds":[383],"demands.":[385],"Importantly,":[386],"free":[387,451,702,777],"muscles":[393,669,680,709],"obese":[395,682,711],"rats,":[396],"whereas":[397],"dietary":[398],"L-carnitine":[399,751,770],"rescues":[401],"Therefore,":[404,713,1027,1189],"deficient":[405,1116],"carnitine-dependent":[406,435],"systems":[408],"might":[409,609,723,735,916,1164],"one":[411],"mechanisms":[414],"test":[419],"this":[420],"generated":[425],"muscle-specific":[426,896,1069],"acyltransferase":[428,436],"(CrAT)-knockout":[429],"(CrATM\u2212/\u2212)":[430],"mice.":[431],"CrAT":[432,470,488,624,647,691],"enzyme":[437,542],"catalyzes":[439],"reversible":[441],"conversion":[442],"short-chain":[444,454],"acyl-CoA":[445],"(mainly":[446,456],"acetyl-CoA)":[447],"CoA":[452],"acylcarnitine":[455],"acetylcarnitine).":[457],"Unlike":[458],"acyl-CoA,":[459],"cross":[463],"cellular":[466,499],"membranes":[467],"ease.":[469],"resides":[471],"principally":[472],"matrix,":[476],"regulates":[479],"flux":[481],"acetyl-CoA.":[483],"normal":[485],"converts":[489],"excessive":[490],"acetyl-CoA":[491,507,627],"acetylcarnitine":[493,780],"promotes":[495,1122],"(Figure":[501,556],"1a).":[502],"CrAT-deficient":[505],"was":[508,516,694,802,808,979,994,1186],"not":[509,517,582,597,754,879,980,1022,1187],"converted":[510],"permeable":[513],"form":[514],"excreted":[518],"mitochondria":[520,867,984,1011,1174],"or":[521,1019],"cells.":[522],"led":[524],"overaccumulation":[527],"acetyl-CoA,":[529,634],"exerted":[531],"allosteric":[533],"inhibiting":[534],"effect":[535,824],"on":[536,827],"pyruvate":[537,544],"dehydrogenase":[538],"(PDH),":[539],"rate-limiting":[541],"entry":[545],"tricarboxylic":[548],"cycle,":[550],"subsequently":[552,1126],"utilization":[555],"1b).":[557],"addition,":[559,687],"CrATM\u2212/\u2212":[560,587,594,671,729,986,1179],"mice":[561,595,894,902,1073,1159,1163],"intolerance,":[564],"It":[570],"noteworthy":[572],"Akt":[577],"did":[581],"differ":[583],"wild-type":[585],"mice,":[588,672,730,987,1180],"suggesting":[589],"intolerance":[592],"result":[599,612],"lack":[601],"sensitivity":[604],"attenuation":[614],"through":[619,1100],"PDH":[620,637,800],"inhibition.":[621],"Taken":[622],"together,":[623],"inhibits":[625],"overload":[628],"regulating":[630],"thus":[635],"maintaining":[636],"activity":[638,801],"muscle.":[641],"Through":[642],"plays":[648],"important":[650],"whole-body":[653,853,1128],"tolerance.":[655],"medium-":[664],"acylcarnitines":[667],"resembled":[674],"metabolite":[676],"profile":[677],"assayed":[678],"diabetic":[684],"rodents.":[685],"pronounced":[688],"mRNA":[692],"expression":[693],"insulin-resistant":[698],"patients.":[699],"As":[700,858],"aforementioned,":[701,859],"levels":[704,1168],"are":[705,1034],"rats.":[712],"pathological":[715],"condition":[716],"similar":[725],"those":[727],"indicating":[731],"metabolism":[734],"treatment":[742],"The":[746],"antidiabetic":[747,1182],"potential":[748],"long-term":[750],"has":[753,956],"been":[755,957],"tested":[756],"rigidly":[758,839],"controlled":[759,840],"human":[760],"studies.":[761,841],"clinical":[764],"study":[765],"al.1,":[769],"6":[773],"months":[774],"serum":[776],"concentrations,":[781],"plasma":[783],"levels,":[787],"homeostasis":[791],"model":[792],"assessment":[793],"(HOMA-IR)":[797],"index.":[798],"Muscle":[799],"increased,":[804],"partially":[809,919],"ameliorated":[810],"supplementation.":[813],"These":[814,1112],"data":[815,873],"provided":[816],"first":[818],"firm":[819],"prompting":[830],"experts":[832],"carry":[834],"out":[835],"larger":[836],"more":[838],"Notably,":[842],"cause":[852],"several":[860],"addressed":[863],"conflicting":[872],"suggest":[874,1114],"does":[878],"always":[880],"For":[887],"example,":[888],"flavoprotein":[890],"apoptosis-inducing":[891],"factor":[892,899,1103,1109],"(Aifm1)-knockout":[893],"transcription":[898,1102],"(Tfam)-knockout":[901],"tolerance":[906,1155],"despite":[907],"oxidative":[910,940,976,992,1007,1076],"capacity.":[912],"Differences":[913],"terminology":[915,948],"at":[917],"least":[918],"explain":[920],"contradictory":[922],"conclusions,":[923],"term":[926],"used":[930],"interchangeably":[931],"describe":[933],"alterations":[934],"content,":[937],"other":[943,1198],"inadequacies.":[945],"Recently,":[946],"systematic":[947],"define":[950],"parameters":[952,1029],"proposed":[958],"review":[961],"article":[962,1047],"Nature":[964,1050],"Reviews":[965],"Endocrinology3":[966],"(Table":[967],"1).":[968],"light":[970],"criteria,":[973],"although":[974,1172],"maximal":[975],"loss":[989],"submaximal":[991],"suggested":[995],"respiratory":[1001],"exchange":[1002],"ratio":[1003],"vivo":[1005],"isolated":[1010],"limiting":[1013],"conditions.":[1014],"activity,":[1017],"plasticity":[1018],"coupling":[1020],"were":[1021,1175],"measured":[1023],"study.":[1026],"relevant":[1035],"remain":[1042],"recent":[1046],"published":[1048],"Medicine,":[1051],"Kim":[1052],"al.4":[1054],"reported":[1055],"intriguing":[1057],"relates":[1060],"autophagy-knockout":[1070],"(Atg7":[1071],"knockout)":[1072],"(one":[1082],"definitions":[1085],"dysfunction),":[1088],"they":[1089],"diet-induced":[1093],"obesity":[1094],"amelioration":[1096],"activating":[1101],"4-dependent":[1104],"induction":[1105],"fibroblast":[1107],"growth":[1108],"(FGF)":[1110],"21.":[1111],"observations":[1113],"autophagy":[1117],"FGF21":[1123,1131,1196],"expression,":[1124],"affects":[1127],"metabolism.":[1129],"Like":[1130],"study,":[1134],"cell-non-autonomous":[1136],"signal":[1137],"released":[1138],"stress":[1143],"termed":[1145],"\u2018mitokine\u20195.":[1148],"Given":[1149],"mitokine":[1151,1185,1199],"paradigm,":[1152],"Aifm":[1157],"knockout":[1158,1162],"Tfam":[1161],"reflect":[1165],"circulating":[1167],"FGF21.":[1170],"action":[1183],"observed.":[1188],"production":[1200],"will":[1201],"subject":[1204],"future":[1206],"investigations.":[1207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}