{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1975192003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1115/ipack2007-33508","title":"Comparison Between Numerical and Experimental Temperature Distributions in a Small Data Center Test Cell","display_name":"Comparison Between Numerical and Experimental Temperature Distributions in a Small Data Center Test Cell","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1975192003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1115/ipack2007-33508","mag":"1975192003"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1115/ipack2007-33508","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1115/ipack2007-33508","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1115/ipack2007-33508","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407088218","display_name":"ASME International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems (InterPACK)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference, Volume 1","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109057179","display_name":"Madhusudan Iyengar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Madhusudan Iyengar","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM, Poughkeepsie, NY","IBM, Poughkeepsie, NY.#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM, Poughkeepsie, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM, Poughkeepsie, NY.#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020023974","display_name":"Roger R. Schmidt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3674-2013","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3674-2013"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roger R. Schmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM, Poughkeepsie, NY","IBM, Poughkeepsie, NY.#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM, Poughkeepsie, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM, Poughkeepsie, NY.#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048701479","display_name":"Hendrik F. Hamann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9049-1330","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9049-1330"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hendrik Hamann","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM, Yorktown Heights, NY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM, Yorktown Heights, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109512902","display_name":"Jim VanGilder","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088242","display_name":"ProterixBio (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/005szp141","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088242"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116968","display_name":"Billerica Public Library","ror":"https://ror.org/02fney094","country_code":"US","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116968"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jim VanGilder","raw_affiliation_strings":["American Power Conversion, North Billerica, MA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American Power Conversion, North Billerica, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088242","https://openalex.org/I4210116968"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.9032,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97627844,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10998","display_name":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","score":0.8574000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10998","display_name":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","score":0.8574000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.02669999934732914,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11529","display_name":"Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies","score":0.02239999920129776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-center-thermal-management","display_name":"data center thermal management","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-distribution","display_name":"temperature distribution","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-validation","display_name":"model validation","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-epsilon-turbulence-model","display_name":"k-epsilon turbulence model","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hot-and-cold-spots","display_name":"hot and cold spots","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-mixing","display_name":"air mixing","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/room-air-conditioning","display_name":"room air conditioning","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-error-quantification","display_name":"model error quantification","score":0.46700000762939453}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776843527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1351382","display_name":"Rack","level":2,"score":0.8059605360031128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116067010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4698686","display_name":"Airflow","level":2,"score":0.7081098556518555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153740404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671224","display_name":"Data center","level":2,"score":0.6034702658653259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103742991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173725","display_name":"Air conditioning","level":2,"score":0.577129065990448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.5366873741149902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.48977017402648926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4889596700668335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16910744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705759","display_name":"Test data","level":2,"score":0.46041589975357056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196558001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132","display_name":"Turbulence","level":2,"score":0.4540986120700836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.41437041759490967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1633027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815820","display_name":"Computational fluid dynamics","level":2,"score":0.4115992784500122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.39696890115737915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.28068703413009644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.21382427215576172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20723885297775269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.10552850365638733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1115/ipack2007-33508","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1115/ipack2007-33508","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1115/ipack2007-33508","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407088218","display_name":"ASME International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems (InterPACK)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference, Volume 1","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2083500753","https://openalex.org/W2094109403","https://openalex.org/W7135211027","https://openalex.org/W2046100423","https://openalex.org/W1997113018","https://openalex.org/W1544333622","https://openalex.org/W1977740459","https://openalex.org/W2129052310","https://openalex.org/W170931265","https://openalex.org/W4295166918"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Information":[0],"Technology":[1],"equipment":[2],"is":[3,35,197,225],"continuing":[4],"to":[5,10,38,100,144,161,176,204],"increase":[6],"in":[7,43,52,72,132,148,178,192],"power,":[8],"leading":[9],"significant":[11],"challenges":[12],"from":[13,153,240],"the":[14,22,40,44,53,59,62,102,122,125,146,149,154,157,162,165,179,182,188,212,221,226],"room":[15,75],"air":[16,151,166,218],"conditioning":[17,167],"perspective.":[18],"Numerical":[19],"models":[20],"are":[21,174],"dominant":[23,170],"techniques":[24],"for":[25,87,106],"designing":[26],"new":[27],"data":[28,54,103,138,222,242],"centers":[29],"and":[30,49,81,121,139,187,207,210,216,239],"optimizing":[31],"existing":[32],"ones.":[33],"It":[34],"thus":[36],"critical":[37],"understand":[39],"inherent":[41],"error":[42,131,173],"model":[45,97,140],"prediction":[46],"of":[47,61,156,164,172,181,214],"flow":[48],"temperature":[50,78,119,234],"distributions":[51,235],"center,":[55],"with":[56,114],"emphasis":[57],"on":[58,229],"vicinity":[60],"server":[63,70,159],"rack.":[64],"This":[65,224],"study":[66,228],"uses":[67],"a":[68,73,88],"simulated":[69,158],"rack":[71,160,190,194],"small":[74],"where":[76],"detailed":[77],"(3D),":[79],"flow,":[80],"power":[82],"measurements":[83],"were":[84,111],"carried":[85],"out":[86],"single":[89],"scenario":[90],"under":[91],"steady":[92],"state":[93],"conditions.":[94],"A":[95],"numerical":[96],"was":[98,127,142],"constructed":[99],"represent":[101],"center":[104],"cell":[105],"this":[107],"case.":[108],"Model":[109],"results":[110,141],"then":[112],"compared":[113],"three":[115,232],"dimensional":[116,233],"experimentally":[117],"obtained":[118,236],"maps":[120],"discrepancy":[123],"between":[124,136,231],"two":[126],"quantified":[128],"as":[129],"an":[130],"temperature.":[133],"The":[134,169],"difference":[135],"test":[137],"found":[143],"be":[145,177],"highest":[147],"exhaust":[150,195],"path":[152],"rear":[155],"inlet":[163],"unit.":[168],"sources":[171],"likely":[175],"use":[180],"standard":[183],"k-\u03b5":[184],"turbulence":[185],"model,":[186],"simplistic":[189],"representation":[191],"which":[193],"airflow":[196],"assumed":[198],"uniform.":[199],"Both":[200],"modeling":[201,238],"limitations":[202],"tend":[203],"pronounce":[205],"hot":[206,215],"cold":[208,217],"spots":[209],"inhibit":[211],"mixing":[213],"streams":[219],"within":[220],"center.":[223],"first":[227],"comparison":[230],"via":[237],"actual":[241],"collection.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
