{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1974890705","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00007890-200007270-00001","title":"RENAL DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH HEPATITIS C INFECTION AFTER KIDNEY AND LIVER TRANSPLANTATION1","display_name":"RENAL DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH HEPATITIS C INFECTION AFTER KIDNEY AND LIVER TRANSPLANTATION1","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1974890705","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00007890-200007270-00001","mag":"1974890705","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10933143"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/00007890-200007270-00001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00007890-200007270-00001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00007890-200007270-00001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11564597","display_name":"Transplantation","issn_l":"0041-1337","issn":["0041-1337","1534-6080"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318547","host_organization_name":"Wolters Kluwer","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transplantation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020353610","display_name":"Seema Baid\u2010Agrawal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8192-1079","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8192-1079"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seema Baid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114, USA","Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108414094","display_name":"A. Benedict Cosimi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Benedict Cosimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082729400","display_name":"NINA E. TOLKOFF-RUBIN","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nina Tolkoff-Rubin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital","Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019248592","display_name":"Robert B. Colvin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4493-4150","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4493-4150"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert B. Colvin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007758666","display_name":"Winfred W. Williams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9984-7102","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9984-7102"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Winfred W. Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital","Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047171717","display_name":"Manuel A. Pascual","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7747-1693","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7747-1693","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3658-8593"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Manuel Pascual","raw_affiliation_strings":["Manuel Pascual, M.D., Renal and Transplantation Units, Box MZ 70, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114. E-mail","Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital","Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Manuel Pascual, M.D., Renal and Transplantation Units, Box MZ 70, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114. E-mail","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047171717"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.519,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":69,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5326087,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"2","first_page":"255","last_page":"261"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10151","display_name":"Hepatitis C virus research","score":0.9434000253677368,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10151","display_name":"Hepatitis C virus research","score":0.9434000253677368,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11029","display_name":"Renal Diseases and Glomerulopathies","score":0.03009999915957451,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10373","display_name":"Renal Transplantation Outcomes and Treatments","score":0.012799999676644802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2747","display_name":"Transplantation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatitis-c","display_name":"hepatitis C","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixed-cryoglobulinemia","display_name":"mixed cryoglobulinemia","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/essential-mixed-cryoglobulinemia","display_name":"essential mixed cryoglobulinemia","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/membranoproliferative-glomerulonephritis","display_name":"membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glomerulonephritis","display_name":"glomerulonephritis","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kidney-transplantation","display_name":"kidney transplantation","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-transplantation","display_name":"liver transplantation","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryoglobulins","display_name":"cryoglobulins","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vasculitis","display_name":"vasculitis","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/porphyria-cutanea-tarda","display_name":"porphyria cutanea tarda","score":0.875}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778922544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1790371","display_name":"Cryoglobulinemia","level":4,"score":0.8990930318832397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8498713970184326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781036514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2299379","display_name":"Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis","level":4,"score":0.8309363126754761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776455275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154869","display_name":"Hepatitis C","level":2,"score":0.6491575837135315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777075537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929737","display_name":"Liver disease","level":2,"score":0.5524758100509644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776408679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q708693","display_name":"Hepatitis C virus","level":3,"score":0.5048030614852905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778653478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054718","display_name":"Kidney disease","level":2,"score":0.49457332491874695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.4742909073829651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779609443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368191","display_name":"Liver transplantation","level":3,"score":0.46698516607284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780368995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q605006","display_name":"Glomerulonephritis","level":3,"score":0.44870299100875854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776015282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644318","display_name":"Vasculitis","level":3,"score":0.4408133924007416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779102576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5113984","display_name":"Chronic liver disease","level":3,"score":0.42989328503608704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.38492459058761597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2911091166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106419912","display_name":"Transplantation","level":2,"score":0.36217793822288513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.3183874785900116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.27687856554985046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.2533518075942993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780091579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9377","display_name":"Kidney","level":2,"score":0.2517903447151184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777214474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147778","display_name":"Cirrhosis","level":2,"score":0.23898598551750183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.1189248263835907}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006526","descriptor_name":"Hepatitis C","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007674","descriptor_name":"Kidney Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007674","descriptor_name":"Kidney Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016030","descriptor_name":"Kidney Transplantation","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016031","descriptor_name":"Liver Transplantation","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/00007890-200007270-00001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00007890-200007270-00001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00007890-200007270-00001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11564597","display_name":"Transplantation","issn_l":"0041-1337","issn":["0041-1337","1534-6080"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318547","host_organization_name":"Wolters Kluwer","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transplantation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:10933143","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10933143","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transplantation","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W92849675","https://openalex.org/W106318866","https://openalex.org/W181990050","https://openalex.org/W1580125578","https://openalex.org/W1674991100","https://openalex.org/W1963896609","https://openalex.org/W1968974532","https://openalex.org/W1971594349","https://openalex.org/W1974794442","https://openalex.org/W1975639393","https://openalex.org/W1979922467","https://openalex.org/W1980409432","https://openalex.org/W1984067914","https://openalex.org/W1989664248","https://openalex.org/W1992378884","https://openalex.org/W1996497815","https://openalex.org/W1997403962","https://openalex.org/W1998437853","https://openalex.org/W2000074243","https://openalex.org/W2000281728","https://openalex.org/W2001648086","https://openalex.org/W2004423148","https://openalex.org/W2006382506","https://openalex.org/W2007379716","https://openalex.org/W2011802985","https://openalex.org/W2013119101","https://openalex.org/W2013620894","https://openalex.org/W2019807538","https://openalex.org/W2022060971","https://openalex.org/W2022337646","https://openalex.org/W2022623772","https://openalex.org/W2028966569","https://openalex.org/W2030213531","https://openalex.org/W2031481554","https://openalex.org/W2038828202","https://openalex.org/W2040108298","https://openalex.org/W2040124814","https://openalex.org/W2042364407","https://openalex.org/W2042561006","https://openalex.org/W2046977289","https://openalex.org/W2056179599","https://openalex.org/W2059114505","https://openalex.org/W2059712890","https://openalex.org/W2060706585","https://openalex.org/W2062056759","https://openalex.org/W2062520706","https://openalex.org/W2072788573","https://openalex.org/W2073633887","https://openalex.org/W2074398917","https://openalex.org/W2078764851","https://openalex.org/W2079455469","https://openalex.org/W2082154943","https://openalex.org/W2093047384","https://openalex.org/W2098317915","https://openalex.org/W2104507861","https://openalex.org/W2105641113","https://openalex.org/W2107704935","https://openalex.org/W2112111338","https://openalex.org/W2117695817","https://openalex.org/W2134537465","https://openalex.org/W2140084624","https://openalex.org/W2157551016","https://openalex.org/W2158383106","https://openalex.org/W2158977173","https://openalex.org/W2163093959","https://openalex.org/W2226298026","https://openalex.org/W2250052352","https://openalex.org/W2270175963","https://openalex.org/W2292594873","https://openalex.org/W2312265932","https://openalex.org/W2313886180","https://openalex.org/W2318197279","https://openalex.org/W2324507396","https://openalex.org/W2414201143","https://openalex.org/W2426740610"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2062944046","https://openalex.org/W2042997035","https://openalex.org/W2093047384","https://openalex.org/W1999061416","https://openalex.org/W1585639668","https://openalex.org/W7096762637","https://openalex.org/W2142959170","https://openalex.org/W2008553566","https://openalex.org/W2347756591","https://openalex.org/W2250052352"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"the":[1,62,95,134,149,161,223,233,259,274,345,409,416,419,425,453,491,549,556,559,572,583,592,625,634,648,658,662,670,761,831,891,901,935,954,1004,1097,1104,1109,1113,1190,1232,1238,1246,1329,1409,1431,1590,1601,1613,1651,1817,1841,1875,1953,2048,2098,2204,2352,2383,2403,2413,2417,2507,2564,2582,2587,2604,2619,2626,2633,2687,2725,2734,2778,2784,2834,2990,3013,3040,3138,3142,3155,3177,3196,3204,3222,3285,3297,3321,3361,3367,3548,3622,3704,3798,3806,3817,3834,3851,3872],"last":[2],"decade,":[3],"it":[4,690,1073,2165,2207,2380,2728,3248,3478,3860,3908],"has":[5,145,245,336,429,451,473,502,522,691,776,1045,1260,1532,1936,2268,2479,2594,2783,3295,3327,3392,3479,3516,3579,3592,3676,3726],"become":[6],"evident":[7],"that":[8,28,340,532,548,633,694,725,1101,1132,1219,1472,1589,1641,1781,2012,2167,2192,2210,2246,2305,2382,2482,2517,2733,2777,3052,3079,3117,3253,3269,3366,3505,3521,3762,3863,3912],"hepatitis":[9,34,51,78,123,140,888,1174,2216,2241,2475,2505,2611,2623,2696,3049,3572],"C":[10,35,79,124,126,141,1175,2435],"infection":[11,144,167,195,447,472,501,518,611,674,696,712,765,1044,1082,1401,1443,1521,1530,1594,1850,1971,2036,2085,2171,2194,2360,2461,3017,3151,3277,3794],"is":[12,199,229,256,292,301,324,341,377,462,490,528,589,612,643,675,717,1245,1461,1473,1807,1862,1927,2172,2409,2436,2462,2685,3249,3425,3503,3861],"associated":[13,32,121,191,325,1440,1649,1675,2132,2398,3481],"with":[14,20,33,58,122,192,203,208,240,279,306,326,385,396,507,535,603,750,766,772,807,840,856,862,913,1006,1042,1061,1080,1166,1186,1207,1255,1301,1336,1371,1392,1441,1519,1528,1595,1650,1676,1710,1834,1847,1945,1998,2016,2042,2070,2090,2119,2133,2177,2213,2280,2402,2764,2822,2875,2916,2932,2978,3036,3048,3216,3224,3274,3306,3315,3325,3355,3416,3482,3558,3583,3619,3625,3663,3666,3687,3744,3791],"glomerular":[15,568,1492,1500,1606,1868,1881,2146,2705,2762,3293,3690],"disease":[16,54,117,561,569,734,1236,2706,2763,2789,2949,3020,3294,3460,3840],"in":[17,133,148,163,219,263,304,408,505,541,555,573,598,618,624,647,679,713,758,781,797,911,918,925,930,941,944,953,1026,1032,1040,1049,1078,1120,1164,1189,1222,1231,1237,1251,1278,1281,1320,1324,1328,1413,1479,1517,1548,1552,1581,1633,1679,1692,1695,1777,1816,1840,1923,1942,1950,1974,2037,2064,2086,2138,2174,2253,2264,2296,2313,2330,2347,2525,2589,2610,2618,2625,2666,2671,2713,2742,2780,2799,2873,2879,2887,2913,2929,2950,2989,2994,3039,3061,3084,3088,3110,3169,3182,3195,3214,3236,3271,3313,3320,3405,3437,3470,3603,3627,3630,3660,3669,3680,3700,3737,3757,3772,3795,3823,3850,3854,3866,3883,3902],"native":[18,759,1693,1842,3041,3438,3738],"kidneys,":[19,760,3439],"or":[21,94,284,397,545,576,751,770,773,1457,1495,1727,1909,2290,2400,2476,2624,2702,2933,3003,3126,3559,3641,3688],"without":[22,398,752,774,1196,1737,2239,2839,2934,3403,3560,3585,3654,3689,3753],"mixed":[23,56,119,158,254,285,370,390,422,449,456,467,539,753,909,1156,2770,2908,3145,3180,3200,3217,3225,3260,3290,3316,3399],"cryoglobulinemia.":[24,754,2909,3218],"Recent":[25],"reports":[26,2759],"indicate":[27],"similar":[29,1659,2920,3267],"extrahepatic":[30,153,2234,2794],"syndromes":[31,67,2427],"can":[36,697,1091,1225,2465,3059,3545,3909],"also":[37,186,1046,1261,1429,1531,1743,1829,2028,2075,2730,2893,3026,3393,3546,3593,3727],"occur":[38],"after":[39,68,89,818,882,1059,1084,1161,1297,1312,1420,1477,1716,1753,1911,1984,2428,2511,2534,2550,2591,2647,2697,2772,2817,2856,2926,2974,3021,3069,3103,3152,3386,3452,3461,3542,3576,3600,3644,3708,3841,3878],"organ":[40],"transplantation.":[41,688,883,1313,1717,2430,2723,3023,3465],"This":[42,1054,1215,2243,3262,3424],"review":[43],"will":[44,108,2370,3832],"focus":[45],"on":[46,61,80,258,641,657,890,2197,2884],"our":[47,1701,1768,3191],"current":[48,3282],"understanding":[49,3283],"of":[50,65,77,97,151,222,253,261,295,311,315,348,353,359,369,383,411,421,442,480,487,558,566,578,595,601,636,672,682,710,732,742,763,783,844,876,893,896,906,951,956,969,976,982,995,1028,1034,1096,1115,1135,1173,1199,1234,1273,1342,1361,1411,1433,1437,1468,1482,1497,1507,1543,1572,1584,1592,1603,1605,1615,1653,1734,1748,1784,1819,1824,1837,1844,1859,1870,1878,1890,1901,1952,2034,2067,2083,2097,2128,2145,2224,2262,2293,2327,2342,2364,2395,2423,2440,2448,2459,2486,2563,2566,2581,2606,2622,2628,2678,2693,2716,2739,2749,2758,2760,2768,2803,2897,2923,2962,2969,3030,3043,3054,3091,3097,3133,3161,3179,3206,3221,3229,3243,3259,3284,3299,3304,3357,3370,3378,3388,3432,3468,3493,3498,3508,3524,3550,3570,3611,3636,3706,3719,3797,3801,3809,3819,3875,3886,3894],"C-associated":[52],"renal":[53,560,620,714,800,871,978,1020,1085,1125,1201,1239,1252,1308,1369,1388,1421,1452,1575,1663,1671,1681,1760,1860,1976,2039,2087,2198,2211,2266,2298,2332,2385,2396,2426,2429,2788,2835,2871,2885,2935,2948,3019,3092,3341,3472,3540,3577,3587,3601,3606,3628,3645,3701,3824,3839],"and":[55,70,82,91,106,118,130,181,217,288,388,436,448,459,511,519,661,820,869,932,934,989,1013,1022,1031,1064,1089,1192,1296,1299,1303,1326,1351,1374,1402,1505,1551,1574,1611,1621,1645,1752,1764,1772,1885,1920,1935,1972,1981,2005,2057,2102,2108,2116,2149,2358,2366,2406,2416,2464,2499,2530,2576,2608,2690,2736,2767,2827,2833,2867,2882,2901,3001,3018,3056,3149,3158,3208,3292,3318,3334,3339,3351,3381,3402,3455,3463,3496,3613,3782,3830,3843],"cryoglobulinemia,":[57,371,775,2708,3226,3291],"particular":[59],"emphasis":[60],"recent":[63,593,2515,2754,3429],"recognition":[64],"these":[66,726,983,996,1071,1343,1825,2071,2163,2281,2424,2743,2914,3162,3307,3857],"kidney":[69,90,599,626,687,784,1162,3462,3525,3842],"liver":[71,85,92,733,1338,2001,2442,2450,2456,2592,2613,2698,2722,2773,2806,2849,2927,2954,2975,3022,3045,3070,3104,3153,3187,3245,3464,3673,3709,3844],"transplantation":[72,1060,1163,1422,1791,1985,2512,2551,2593,2699,2774,2818,2857,2928,2976,3578,3602,3710,3845],"(Table":[73],"1).":[74],"The":[75,251,332,440,484,564,706,958,1203,1487,1793,2125,2190,2555,2578,2859,3281,3466],"impact":[76,709,2191],"mortality":[81],"morbidity":[83],"(e.g.,":[84],"disease,":[86],"co-infections,":[87],"etc.)":[88],"transplantation,":[93,1086,1298,1573,1754,1861,1912,2457,2535,2648,3071,3105,3154,3646,3674,3879],"issues":[96],"donor/recipient":[98],"selection":[99],"have":[100,185,392,538,631,1151,1667,1828,2020,2074,2184,2196,2249,2285,2303,2321,2489,2775,2905,2937,3025,3164,3174,3657,3871],"been":[101,146,187,246,430,474,503,523,692,778,1047,1262,1533,1689,2269,2480,2596,2938,3166,3328,3394,3480,3517,3580,3594,3658,3677,3728],"recently":[102,247,1152,1264,1668,2076,3175,3730],"reviewed":[103],"by":[104,591,700,1146,1184,1502,1609,1812,1930,2141,2159,2272,2544,2663,3427,3574,3776],"others,":[105],"therefore":[107],"not":[109,676,1144,1439,1612,1788,1897,2052,2322,2595,3006,3165,3412,3650,3712],"be":[110,190,698,1092,1139,1418,1430,1600,1648,1803,1866,1907,2157,2311,2371,2389,2657,2711,2731,3266,3422,3531,3547,3732,3765,3814,3833,3848,3898,3910,3918],"discussed":[111],"here":[112],"(1,":[113,744,2274],"2).Table":[114],"1:":[115],"Renal":[116,131],"cryoglobulinemia":[120,198,228,255,300,391,423,450,1157,1181,2771,2791,2924,3004,3146,3181,3201,3317,3400,3686],"infectionHepatitis":[125],"Infection,":[127],"Mixed":[128,197,227,309,351],"Cryoglobulinemia,":[129],"Disease":[132],"Nontransplant":[135],"Setting":[136],"Since":[137],"1990,":[138],"chronic":[139,165,182,193,393,399,887,1434,1848,1871,2120,2240,2473,3275,3571,3792],"virus":[142],"(HCV)":[143],"implicated":[147,2415],"pathogenesis":[150,565],"various":[152],"syndromes.":[154],"Of":[155,3346],"these,":[156],"\u201cessential":[157,455],"cryoglobulinemia\u201d":[159,457,468],"was":[160,168,923,939,1182,1205,1276,1316,1405,1514,1567,1578,1587,2208,2345,2532,2559,2902,2911,2986,3108,3115,3211,3384,3450,3760],"first":[162,792,1515,1964,2508],"which":[164,323,2536,2569,2602,2709,3440,3880],"HCV":[166,194,394,407,446,471,500,517,596,610,673,695,711,764,921,936,952,1043,1081,1256,1400,1412,1442,1529,1593,1798,1849,1970,1996,2035,2084,2134,2170,2193,2247,2359,2460,2519,2557,2644,2668,2694,2781,2880,3016,3106,3150,3276,3288,3332,3358,3575,3793,3887],"demonstrated":[169,693,1744,2837],"(3\u20135).":[170],"Subsequently,":[171,2023],"membranoproliferative":[172,485],"glomerulonephritis":[173,218,488,521,749,2854,3124,3319,3436,3599,3736],"(MPGN),":[174],"a":[175,200,280,293,316,357,403,513,668,680,740,841,948,974,1124,1170,1269,1867,1898,1915,1937,1966,1992,2065,2078,2222,2287,2324,2362,2393,2437,2522,2538,2561,2658,2675,2714,2756,2800,2812,2876,2943,3028,3044,3062,3075,3081,3089,3256,3348,3428,3447,3716],"Sjogren\u2019s-like":[176],"syndrome,":[177,3746],"porphyria":[178],"cutanea":[179],"tarda,":[180],"corneal":[183],"ulcerations":[184],"reported":[188,248,431,504,793,965,1153,1263,1291,1386,1539,1691,2029,2077,2939,3270,3518],"to":[189,363,432,476,530,654,900,1018,1379,1417,1451,1463,1731,1799,1802,1865,1932,2229,2237,2257,2373,2391,2411,2420,2472,2586,2786,2869,2904,3251,3265,3268,3330,3397,3414,3443,3514,3536,3596,3683,3697,3714,3731,3787,3813,3837,3847,3856],"(6\u20138).":[196],"multisystem":[201],"disorder":[202],"clinical":[204,708,2747,2861,3159,3350,3379],"manifestations":[205,2397,3228],"including":[206,1755],"vasculitis":[207,1185,1230,2898,3231],"purpura,":[209],"leg":[210],"ulcers,":[211],"arthralgias":[212],"and/or":[213,1107,1123,2707,2790,3100,3147],"arthritis,":[214],"peripheral":[215],"neuropathy,":[216],"about":[220,1480,2500],"half":[221],"patients":[224,305,384,428,534,602,640,683,727,805,811,836,885,928,984,1005,1283,1334,1344,1366,1377,1550,1635,1698,1708,1720,1736,1742,1846,1955,1988,2014,2118,2140,2673,2718,2744,2931,2965,2981,3112,3120,3194,3223,3273,3305,3314,3616,3662],"(7,":[225,469,562],"8).":[226],"usually":[230,1863],"classified":[231,268],"among":[232,424,639,1703],"benign":[234],"lymphoproliferative":[235,307],"disorders,":[236],"but":[237,721,1141,1210,1306,1523,3240],"an":[238,277,321,443,552,613,874,1116,1358,1465,1526,1540,1745,2030,2142,2254,2339,2468,2664,2804,2823,3237,3506,3777,3899],"association":[239,444,506,762,1041,1079,1165,1398,1518,1527,1591,1968,2874,3014,3143,3215,3286],"low-grade":[241,1931],"B-cell":[242],"non-Hodgkin\u2019s":[243],"lymphoma":[244],"(9,":[249],"10).":[250],"diagnosis":[252],"based":[257],"detection":[260,1088],"cryoglobulins":[262,310,352,540,550,827,910,1137,1221,1616,1786,2821],"serum":[264,542,912,931,945,1994,2667,3362],"(11).":[265,379],"Cryoglobulins":[266],"are":[267,728,1142,1491,1888,1895,3785],"as":[269,465,735,737,739,1423,1626,1729,2054,2112,2123,2181,2219,2661,3477,3554],"monoclonal":[270,317,333],"(type":[271,286,543],"I)":[272],"if":[273,290],"cryoprecipitate":[275],"contains":[276],"antibody":[278,342,638,1724],"single":[281],"immunologic":[282],"phenotype":[283],"II":[287,313,387,544,908,1155,2907],"III)":[289],"there":[291],"mixture":[294,358],"immunoglobulins":[296,361],"(12).":[297],"Type":[298],"I":[299,971],"mostly":[302,2233],"found":[303,1277,1406,2286,2323,2346,2631,2903,3116,3255],"diseases.":[308],"type":[312,354,386,486,907,970,1154,2906,3031],"consist":[314],"immunoglobulin,":[318],"most":[319,367,492,533,1247,1562,1924,2220],"often":[320,1143,2221],"IgM,":[322],"its":[327,3373,3698],"antigen,":[328],"e.g.,":[329,1880],"polyclonal":[330,360],"IgG.":[331,350],"immunoglobulin":[334],"generally":[335],"rheumatoid":[337,1118,1213,1353,1622,1770,2007,2825,3209],"factor":[338,1119,1354,1623,1771,2826,3210,3901],"activity,":[339],"activity":[343],"against":[344,3816],"Fc":[346],"portion":[347],"autologous":[349],"III":[355,389,3032],"constitute":[356],"belonging":[362],"different":[364,1642,2583],"isotypes.":[365],"In":[366,786,846,898,1177,1266,1382,1561,1700,1767,1822,1958,2044,2095,2203,2337,2378,2514,2599,2753,3219,3309,3410,3534,3566,3633,3695,3741,3804],"cases":[368,968,2915,3407,3411,3682],"hypocomplementemia":[372,1065],"(low":[373],"C3,":[374],"C4,":[375],"CH50)":[376],"present":[378,1789,2712,2720,3202,3233],"More":[380],"than":[381,646,865,943,1280,2484,3770],"80%":[382],"infection,":[395,1257,2405,3289],"active":[400,2474,3230],"hepatitis,":[401,1169],"indicating":[402,3051,3365],"pathogenic":[404,949,1660],"role":[405,554,950,1410],"for":[406,586,686,1001,1629,2169,2186,2445,2653,2721,3095,3302,3734,3920],"development":[410,557],"this":[412,460,587,1178,1267,1582,2045,2182,2375,2995,3009,3072,3170],"syndrome":[413,461,1063,1652,1833,2766,2814,3078,3099],"(13).":[414],"On":[415,2724],"other":[417,2726,3551,3634,3769],"hand,":[418,2727],"prevalence":[420,635,1272,1542,2032,2081,2144,2341,3157,3178,3258,3263],"unselected":[426,3241],"HCV-infected":[427,799,1223,1289,1697,2265,2331,2384,2717,2805,2848,2964,3186,3471,3867,3921],"vary":[433],"between":[434,445,516,1399,1918,1969,2100,2354,2632,2999,3015,3144,3287],"5%":[435,653],"50%":[437,655],"(14,":[438],"15).":[439],"discovery":[441],"made":[452],"term":[454],"obsolete,":[458],"now":[463,777],"referred":[464],"\u201cHCV-associated":[466],"16\u201318).":[470],"linked":[475],"distinct":[477],"histologic":[478],"patterns":[479],"immune":[481,579,838,1893,1904,2147,2750,3122],"complex":[482,2751,3123],"glomerulonephritis.":[483],"(MPGN)":[489,3132],"common":[493,1248,3385],"pattern":[494],"encountered":[495],"(19,":[496,3343],"20).":[497],"Less":[498],"frequently,":[499],"membranous":[508,1258,1274,1393,1403,1414,1426,3037,3057,3642,3664],"nephropathy":[509,1259,1275,1315,1404,1415,1427,3058,3643,3665],"(21),":[510],"recently,":[512,1525,3087],"possible":[514,1967,2997,3862],"relationship":[515,2353],"fibrillary":[520],"suggested":[524,1534,1965,2245,2304,2662,2776,3426,3761],"(22,":[525],"23).":[526],"It":[527,1586,2478,3114,3502,3759],"important":[529,614,2376,2683,3900],"emphasize":[531],"HCV-associated":[536,567,604,1007,2021,2761,2769,3433,3598,3637,3735],"MPGN":[537,605,796,859,972,1039,1077,1244,1921,2111,2131,2838,2883,2985,3033,3035,3055,3148,3612,3640],"III),":[546],"suggesting":[547,947,1780],"play":[551],"essential":[553],"11).":[563],"likely":[570,2560],"involves":[571],"situ":[574],"formation":[575,955],"deposition":[577],"complexes":[580,839,1894,1905,2148],"(cryoglobulins)":[581],"within":[582,815,822,1569,2506,2971],"glomeruli.":[584],"Support":[585],"hypothesis":[588],"provided":[590],"demonstration":[594],"antigens":[597,3495],"deposits":[600,1129],"(24).":[606],"After":[607,2431,2455,3672],"Kidney":[608],"Transplantation":[609,2433],"public":[615],"health":[616],"problem":[617],"end-stage":[619,1019,2441],"failure":[621,1021,1370],"and,":[622,3906],"therefore,":[623,3907],"transplant":[627,801,979,1389,1446,1455,1478,1512,1545,1565,1597,1655,1682,1853,2088,2299,2386,2614,2807,2955,3046,3188,3246,3473,3526,3702,3789,3825,3868],"population.":[628,3172],"Several":[629],"studies":[630,2369,2516,3140,3311,3635],"shown":[632,3329,3729],"anti-HCV":[637],"dialysis":[642,1380],"consistently":[644],"higher":[645,730,940,1271],"general":[649],"population,":[650],"ranging":[651],"from":[652,702,834,973,1558,2136,2467,3360,3512],"depending":[656],"assays":[659],"used":[660,2117,2652,2741,2912,3395,3595,3659,3678,3896],"patient":[663,1055,2892,3064,3073,3171],"population":[664],"studied":[665,2597,3176,3849],"(2).":[666,705],"As":[667,755,3889],"result,":[669],"presence":[671,1114,1614,1818],"uncommonly":[677],"detected":[678,924],"subset":[681,2715],"being":[684],"evaluated":[685],"Furthermore,":[689],"transmitted":[699],"organs":[701],"HCV-positive":[703,1030,1279,1549,1559,1680,1705,2297,2314,2487,2930,2951,2991,3119,3197,3244,3605],"donors":[704],"long-term":[707,3448],"allograft":[715,832,1179,1253,1459,1470,1484,1576,1761,1943,1977,2040,2199,2343,2356,3485,3522,3820],"recipients":[716,782,855,998,1224,1254,1290,1390,1554,1683,1978,2041,2089,2176,2212,2238,2267,2315,2333,2488,2850,2956,3189,3474,3527,3607,3743,3790,3869],"still":[718],"under":[719],"study,":[720,1268,1769,2046,2601,2996],"accumulating":[722],"evidence":[723,1198],"indicates":[724],"at":[729,873,1979,3190,3203,3621],"risk":[731,3718,3818],"well":[736,3167],"death":[738],"result":[741,1432,1602,2223,2562,3549,3882],"sepsis":[743],"2,":[745,2275],"25,":[746,2276],"26).":[747],"Membranoproliferative":[748],"previously":[756,1690],"described":[757,852,1048,1250,1516,2846,3651],"MPGN,":[767,988,1008,1891,2103,2180],"de":[768,794,857,986,1318,1424,2109,3638],"novo":[769,795,858,987,1319,1425,2092,2110,2114,2130,2179,3639],"recurrent,":[771],"extensively":[779],"documented":[780],"transplants.":[785],"1995,":[787,1959],"Roth":[788],"et":[789,849,962,1537,1961,2025],"al.":[790,850,963,1538,1962,2026],"(27)":[791],"five":[798,804,1027,3661],"recipients.":[802,980,2300,3826,3922],"All":[803,884,1287,1341,1718],"presented":[806,861,1056,1300,1335,1709],"nephrotic-range":[808,1933,1990],"proteinuria.":[809],"Two":[810],"had":[812,985,991,1010,1015,1292,1345,1688,1721,1989,2966,3121,3199],"developed":[813,1367,2811,2852,2894,3074,3609],"proteinuria":[814,863,1302,1373,3000,3747],"3":[816,1980,2815],"months":[817,878,1311,1476,2816],"transplant,":[819],"three":[821,1014,1033,1331,2847,2889,3220],"5\u201310":[823],"years.":[824],"No":[825],"circulating":[826,1011,1136,1220,1785],"were":[828,916,999,1631,1775,1787,2051,2061,2226,2630,2796,2831,2863,3005,3232,3617,3649],"detected;":[829],"however,":[830,1395,2047,2320,3446],"biopsies":[833,1485,3093],"two":[835,1009,1696,1845,1975,2634,3604,3670],"contained":[837],"substructure":[842],"suggestive":[843],"cryoglobulins.":[845,957,1068,3261],"1996,":[847],"Cruzado":[848],"(28)":[851],"six":[853,927],"additional":[854,967],"who":[860,1555,2719,2809,2851,3608],"greater":[864,2960],"1.5":[866],"g/day,":[867],"microhematuria,":[868],"impaired":[870,2000],"function,":[872],"average":[875,1359],"53":[877],"(range:":[879],"20\u2013118":[880],"months)":[881],"fulfilled":[886],"criteria":[889],"basis":[892],"persistent":[894,1372,2490],"elevation":[895],"transaminases.":[897],"contrast":[899,3696],"previous":[902],"series,":[903,1702],"low":[904,914,1133],"concentrations":[905],"C4":[915,1209,1773,2830],"observed":[917,1474,1669,1830,2533],"all":[919,926,1070,1130,1483,1634,2175,2449,2639,2888,3137],"patients.":[920,1037,1585,3135],"RNA":[922,937,2520,2669,3359],"both":[929,1547,3615],"cryoprecipitates,":[933],"concentration":[938],"cryoprecipitates":[942],"samples,":[946],"same":[959],"year,":[960],"Hammoud":[961],"(29)":[964],"15":[966,997,1288],"cohort":[975],"399":[977],"Thirteen":[981],"2":[990,1057,1362,2509,2972],"recurrent":[992,1323,1756,2503],"MPGN.":[993,2022],"Eight":[994],"positive":[1000,1293],"HCV.":[1002],"Among":[1003],"cryoglobulins,":[1012,1350],"hypocomplementemia.":[1016],"Progression":[1017],"graft":[1023,1947,2504,2695],"loss":[1024,1948],"occurred":[1025],"eight":[1029],"seven":[1035],"HCV-negative":[1036,1282,1553,2139,2953,2980,3134],"Recurrent":[1038],"another":[1050,1384,1857],"case":[1051,1216,2801,3029,3430],"report":[1052,1217,2802,2845,3090,3431],"(30).":[1053],"years":[1058,1160,1983,2510,2973],"nephrotic":[1062,2765,2813,3077,3098,3745],"despite":[1066],"negative":[1067,1349],"From":[1069,2162],"studies,":[1072,2319],"appears":[1074,2166,2381,3264],"that,":[1075],"when":[1076],"occurs":[1083,1949],"cryoglobulin":[1087,1105,2841,3335],"characterization":[1090],"difficult,":[1093],"possibly":[1094,1657],"because":[1095,1617],"ongoing":[1098],"immunosuppressive":[1099,2567,2584,2640,2737],"therapy":[1100,2680,3420,3457,3544,3811],"may":[1102,1138,1428,1599,1647,1906,2018,2183,2195,2248,2310,2388,2642,2656,2700,2710,2745,3421,3764,3870,3897,3917],"reduce":[1103,3331],"levels":[1106,1134,1620,1624,1725,1774,1783,2670],"alter":[1108],"antigen-antibody":[1110],"ratio.":[1111],"Nevertheless,":[1112,1356,3008],"elevated":[1117,1212,1722,2006,2824,3213],"serum,":[1121],"hypocomplementemia,":[1122,2004],"biopsy":[1126,2836,2886],"demonstrating":[1127],"cryoglobulin-like":[1128],"suggest":[1131,1640],"present,":[1140,2832],"detectable":[1145],"currently":[1147,2452],"utilized":[1148],"assays.":[1149],"We":[1150,1666,3024,3173],"developing":[1158],"10":[1159],"fibrosing":[1167],"cholestatic":[1168],"fulminant":[1171],"form":[1172],"(31).":[1176],"recipient,":[1180],"manifested":[1183,1929],"lacunar":[1187],"infarcts":[1188],"brain":[1191],"cutaneous":[1193],"pretibial":[1194],"ulcers":[1195],"any":[1197,3754],"overt":[1200],"disease.":[1202,2752],"cryocrit":[1204],"1%":[1206],"undetectable":[1208],"markedly":[1211],"factor.":[1214,2008],"illustrates":[1218],"rarely":[1226],"cause":[1227,2439],"severe":[1228,3076,3434],"systemic":[1229],"absence":[1233],"significant":[1235,1397,1782,3717,3755],"allograft.":[1240],"Membranous":[1241,1314],"nephropathy.":[1242],"Although":[1243,2638,3136],"lesion":[1249],"(32).":[1265,1381,3671],"significantly":[1270,1579,2079,2959,3212,3749],"(3.6%":[1284],"vs.":[1285,2952,2983,3129],"0.36%).":[1286],"HCV-RNA":[1294],"before":[1295,1751,1790],"microscopic":[1304,2865],"hematuria":[1305],"stable":[1307,3185],"function":[1309,1339,1944,2002,3342,3523,3629],"4\u201356":[1310],"considered":[1317,1864],"ten":[1321],"cases,":[1322],"two,":[1325],"undetermined":[1327],"remaining":[1330],"cases.":[1332,1925,2068,2890],"Seven":[1333],"mild":[1337,2868],"abnormalities.":[1340],"normal":[1346,1632,1776],"complement":[1347],"levels,":[1348,2521,3336],"non-elevated":[1352],"measurements.":[1355],"during":[1357,3363,3750],"follow-up":[1360],"years,":[1363,2755],"12/15":[1364],"(80%)":[1365],"progressive":[1368,1940,2545],"8/15":[1375],"(54%)":[1376],"returned":[1378],"contrast,":[1383],"study":[1385,2349,2946,3010],"16/415":[1387],"presenting":[1391,2925],"nephropathy;":[1394],"no":[1396,2154,2616],"(29).":[1407],"Therefore,":[1408],"remains":[1416,1801,2201,2361,3475,3846],"clarified":[1419],"alloimmune":[1435],"mechanisms":[1436,2414,3768],"rejection,":[1438,3486,3538,3821],"(33).":[1444,1486,1873],"Acute":[1445,1511,1662],"glomerulopathy.":[1447],"A":[1448,2843,2958],"condition":[1449],"unique":[1450],"allografts,":[1453],"acute":[1454,1458,1469,1544,1564,1596,1654,1670,2294,2328,2355,3484,3509,3537,3539,3555,3720],"glomerulopathy":[1456,1513,1546,1566,1598,1854],"glomerulopathy,":[1460,1656],"believed":[1462],"represent":[1464],"unusual":[1466],"variant":[1467],"rejection":[1471,1872,2200,2295,2329,2344,2357,3510,3721],"1\u20134":[1475],"2\u20134%":[1481],"salient":[1488],"pathological":[1489],"features":[1490,1877,2862,3053,3610],"hypercellularity,":[1493],"injury":[1494],"enlargement":[1496],"endothelial":[1498,1607,1809],"cells,":[1499,1504],"infiltration":[1501],"mononuclear":[1503],"webs":[1506],"periodic":[1508],"acid-Schiff-positive":[1509],"material.":[1510],"cytomegalovirus":[1520],"(34),":[1522],"more":[1524,2227,2407,2483],"(35).":[1535,1636,2350],"Cosio":[1536,2024],"increased":[1541,1746,2031,2080,2143,2255,2340,2556,2688,3489],"received":[1556],"kidneys":[1557,1694,1843,3042,3739],"donors.":[1560],"patients,":[1563],"diagnosed":[1568,2015],"1":[1570,1733,2548,3067],"month":[1571,3068],"survival":[1577],"worse":[1580],"group":[1583,3198,3242],"proposed":[1588],"activation":[1604,1811],"cells":[1608],"HCV,":[1610],"pretransplant":[1618,1778],"C3":[1619],"(used":[1625],"surrogate":[1627],"markers":[1628],"cryoglobulins)":[1630],"These":[1637,1741,2009,2301,2793],"new":[1638],"findings":[1639,2060,2127],"viruses":[1643],"(cytomegalovirus":[1644],"HCV)":[1646,2225],"through":[1658,3488,3767],"mechanisms.":[1661],"thrombotic":[1664,1672,1686,1749],"microangiopathy.":[1665],"microangiopathy":[1673,1687],"(RTMA)":[1674],"anticardiolipin":[1677,1723,1813,1838],"antibodies":[1678,1839],"(36).":[1684,1792],"Interestingly,":[1685,1874],"(37).":[1699],"18":[1704],"recipients,":[1706,2615,3247,3703],"5":[1707,1719],"biopsy-proven":[1711,2853],"RTMA":[1712,1738,1800],"occurring":[1713],"5\u2013120":[1714],"days":[1715],"(IgG":[1726],"IgM),":[1728],"compared":[1730,2236,2603,2947,2977],"only":[1732,2063,2988,3130],"13":[1735],"(P":[1739],"<0.05).":[1740],"incidence":[1747,2261,2289,2326,3507],"complications":[1750,2795,3163,3885],"vascular":[1757],"access":[1758],"thrombosis,":[1759,1763],"artery":[1762],"pulmonary":[1765],"embolism.":[1766],"sera,":[1779],"precise":[1794],"underlying":[1795],"mechanism":[1796],"linking":[1797],"elucidated;":[1804],"one":[1805,2348,2600,3631],"possibility":[1806],"exaggerated":[1808],"cell":[1810,3490],"antibodies,":[1814,2572],"particularly":[1815],"calcineurin":[1820,2573,2635],"inhibitors.":[1821],"support":[1823],"observations,":[1826,2072,2164,2282],"we":[1827,2073,2104,3254],"RTMA/hemolytic":[1831],"uremic":[1832],"high":[1835,3892],"titers":[1836,2527],"(38).":[1851],"Chronic":[1852],"(CTG).":[1855],"CTG,":[1856,1879],"complication":[1858],"manifestation":[1869],"pathologic":[1876,2126],"basement":[1882],"membrane":[1883],"duplication":[1884],"mesangial":[1886],"proliferation,":[1887],"reminiscent":[1889],"although":[1892],"typically":[1896],"major":[1899,2438],"feature":[1900],"CTG.":[1902,2043],"However,":[1903,2153,2993,3376],"scant":[1908],"absent":[1910],"thus":[1913],"rendering":[1914],"clear":[1916],"distinction":[1917],"CTG":[1919,1926,1973,2017,2101,2107],"difficult":[1922],"clinically":[1928,3184],"proteinuria,":[1934,1991,2864,3338],"poor":[1938],"prognosis;":[1939],"decline":[1941],"eventual":[1946],"60\u201370%":[1951],"affected":[1954],"(39,":[1956],"40).":[1957],"Gallay":[1960],"(41)":[1963],"7":[1982],"(41).":[1986,3632],"Both":[1987],"rising":[1993,3101],"creatinine,":[1995],"viremia":[1997,2491,2526,2558,2590,2629,2689,2782,2881,3002,3333,3877],"mildly":[1999,2828],"tests,":[2003],"authors":[2010,2302],"speculated":[2011,2732,3911],"some":[2013,2283,2422,3567],"actually":[2019],"(42)":[2027],"(33%)":[2033],"27":[2038],"clinicopathologic":[2049],"differences":[2050,2155,2617],"analyzed,":[2053],"immuno-":[2055],"fluorescence":[2056],"electron":[2058],"microscopy":[2059],"available":[2062,3109],"minority":[2066],"Consistent":[2069,2279],"(36%)":[2082],"\u201cCTG/de":[2091,2113],"MPGN\u201d":[2093,2115],"(43).":[2094],"view":[2096,3796],"similarities":[2099],"grouped":[2105],"together":[2106],"cyclosporine":[2121,2609],"toxicity":[2122],"controls.":[2124],"CTG/de":[2129,2178],"differed":[2135],"those":[2137],"subendothelial":[2150],"electron-dense":[2151],"deposits.":[2152,2842],"could":[2156,2729,3881],"distinguished":[2158],"light":[2160],"microscopy.":[2161],"screening":[2168],"warranted":[2173],"implications":[2185],"therapy.":[2187,3803],"Allograft":[2188],"rejection.":[2189],"controversial.":[2202],"early":[2205,2646],"1980s,":[2206],"recognized":[2209],"non-A":[2214],"non-B":[2215],"(now":[2217],"identified":[2218],"prone":[2228,2390],"develop":[2230,2392,2502],"life-threatening":[2231],"infections,":[2232],"sepsis,":[2235],"(44).":[2242],"observation":[2244],"immunomodulatory":[2250,3778],"properties":[2251,2738],"resulting":[2252],"susceptibility":[2256],"opportunistic":[2258],"infections.":[2259],"Increased":[2260],"infections":[2263],"subsequently":[2270],"confirmed":[2271],"others":[2273],"26,":[2277],"45).":[2278],"groups":[2284],"decreased":[2288,3748,3884],"reduced":[2291,2325],"severity":[2292],"less":[2306],"intensive":[2307],"immunosuppression":[2308,2655,3865],"protocols":[2309,3916],"required":[2312,2372,3786],"(46,":[2316],"47).":[2317],"Other":[2318,2919],"(36,":[2334],"45,":[2335],"48).":[2336],"fact,":[2338],"Thus,":[2351,3235],"matter":[2363],"controversy,":[2365],"larger,":[2367],"prospective":[2368],"clarify":[2374],"issue.":[2377],"summary,":[2379],"recipient":[2387,2808,3047],"spectrum":[2394],"directly":[2399],"indirectly":[2401],"viral":[2404,3773,3904],"work":[2408],"needed":[2410],"identify":[2412],"potential":[2418,2785,3807,3873],"strategies":[2419,3784],"prevent":[2421,2746],"specific":[2425],"Liver":[2432],"Hepatitis":[2434],"failure,":[2443],"accounting":[2444],"approximately":[2446],"25\u201330%":[2447],"transplants":[2451],"performed":[2453,3094,3312],"(49).":[2454],"recurrence":[2458,2620,2692],"common,":[2463],"range":[2466],"asymptomatic":[2469],"carrier":[2470],"state":[2471],"cirrhosis.":[2477],"established":[2481],"95%":[2485],"using":[2492],"sensitive":[2493],"reverse":[2494],"transcriptase-polymerase":[2495],"chain":[2496],"reaction":[2497],"assays,":[2498],"50\u201380%":[2501],"(49\u201353).":[2513],"quantitated":[2518]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}