{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1974866473","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0297.00390","title":"The Timing of Work Over Time","display_name":"The Timing of Work Over Time","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1974866473","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0297.00390","mag":"1974866473"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/1468-0297.00390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0297.00390","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0297.00390","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45992627","display_name":"The Economic Journal","issn_l":"0013-0133","issn":["0013-0133","1468-0297","1742-0350"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Economic Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082907615","display_name":"Daniel S. Hamermesh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7927-2743","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7927-2743"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel S. Hamermesh","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at Austin, and NBER"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Austin, and NBER","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853","https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082907615"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853","https://openalex.org/I86519309"],"apc_list":{"value":3384,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":4463},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.451,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":160,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97968917,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"109","issue":"452","first_page":"37","last_page":"66"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13911","display_name":"Employment, Labor, and Gender Studies","score":0.005799999926239252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11544","display_name":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evening-work","display_name":"evening work","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/night-work","display_name":"night work","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/working-hours","display_name":"working hours","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wage-distribution","display_name":"wage distribution","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technological-change","display_name":"technological change","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-earnings","display_name":"real earnings","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-supply","display_name":"labor supply","score":0.49000000953674316}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776476923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7725","display_name":"Evening","level":2,"score":0.8423389792442322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781426361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5326940","display_name":"Earnings","level":2,"score":0.7143256664276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6993919610977173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68443243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2786686","display_name":"Quartile","level":3,"score":0.617584228515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.6050055027008057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777388388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6821213","display_name":"Wage","level":2,"score":0.6007680892944336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019495028","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7034091","display_name":"Night work","level":3,"score":0.5637326240539551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993872870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q260732","display_name":"Work hours","level":3,"score":0.4941735565662384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.47265875339508057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4548001289367676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.44708189368247986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.3655172884464264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018898988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q260732","display_name":"Working hours","level":2,"score":0.269437313079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776176791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068683","display_name":"Shift work","level":2,"score":0.264032244682312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.14227724075317383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1164378821849823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.11356675624847412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.09521174430847168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.06937497854232788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/1468-0297.00390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0297.00390","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0297.00390","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45992627","display_name":"The Economic Journal","issn_l":"0013-0133","issn":["0013-0133","1468-0297","1742-0350"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Economic Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964347824","https://openalex.org/W1968359979","https://openalex.org/W1981015046","https://openalex.org/W1984509468","https://openalex.org/W1990535218","https://openalex.org/W2010556961","https://openalex.org/W2039810561","https://openalex.org/W2085303506","https://openalex.org/W2105857089","https://openalex.org/W2107497267","https://openalex.org/W2324270517","https://openalex.org/W3125938803","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4302461139"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1535949536","https://openalex.org/W4246283512","https://openalex.org/W7125705955","https://openalex.org/W3123439851","https://openalex.org/W2070356390","https://openalex.org/W2073839926","https://openalex.org/W7065741979","https://openalex.org/W1489168331","https://openalex.org/W3035848801","https://openalex.org/W4300783670"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,69],"incidence":[1],"of":[2,24,30,56,67,99],"evening":[3],"and":[4,17],"night":[5],"work":[6,25,80,95],"declined":[7],"sharply":[8],"in":[9,63,96],"the":[10,14,18,22,28,31,53,57,64,97],"United":[11],"States":[12],"between":[13],"early":[15,19],"1970s":[16],"1990s,":[20],"while":[21],"fraction":[23],"performed":[26],"at":[27,52],"fringes":[29],"traditional":[32],"regular":[33],"working":[34],"day":[35],"grew.":[36],"This":[37],"secular":[38],"decline":[39],"did":[40],"not":[41],"result":[42],"from":[43,93],"industrial":[44],"shifts":[45],"or":[46],"demographic":[47],"changes.":[48],"It":[49],"was":[50],"greatest":[51],"upper":[54],"end":[55],"wage":[58],"distribution,":[59],"slowest":[60],"among":[61],"workers":[62,89],"lowest":[65],"quartile":[66],"wages.":[68],"observed":[70],"changes":[71],"are":[72],"explained":[73],"by":[74],"a":[75,82],"model":[76],"that":[77],"views":[78],"evening/night":[79],"as":[81],"disamenity,":[83],"with":[84],"rising":[85],"real":[86],"earnings":[87],"leading":[88],"to":[90],"shift":[91],"away":[92],"such":[94],"presence":[98],"technical":[100],"change.":[101]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}