{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1974580997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/cm062693+","title":"Polymer Nanocomposites with Prescribed Morphology: Going beyond Nanoparticle-Filled Polymers","display_name":"Polymer Nanocomposites with Prescribed Morphology: Going beyond Nanoparticle-Filled Polymers","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-04-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1974580997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/cm062693+","mag":"1974580997"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1021/cm062693+","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/cm062693+","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/cm062693+","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S66104727","display_name":"Chemistry of Materials","issn_l":"0897-4756","issn":["0897-4756","1520-5002"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Chemistry of Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W1974580997"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002684335","display_name":"Richard A. Vaia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4589-3423","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4589-3423"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280414376","display_name":"United States Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4389425425"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799950915","display_name":"Wright-Patterson Air Force Base","ror":"https://ror.org/0097e1k27","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2799950915","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482690","display_name":"Wright Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03jvtcb24","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4388482690","https://openalex.org/I4389425425"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482708","display_name":"U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory Materials and Manufacturing Directorate","ror":"https://ror.org/0584m4844","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4388482708","https://openalex.org/I4389425425"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Richard A. Vaia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433-7750"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433-7750","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I2799950915","https://openalex.org/I4388482690","https://openalex.org/I4388482708"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103554047","display_name":"John F. Maguire","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280414376","display_name":"United States Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4389425425"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799950915","display_name":"Wright-Patterson Air Force Base","ror":"https://ror.org/0097e1k27","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2799950915","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482690","display_name":"Wright Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03jvtcb24","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4388482690","https://openalex.org/I4389425425"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482708","display_name":"U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory Materials and Manufacturing Directorate","ror":"https://ror.org/0584m4844","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4388482708","https://openalex.org/I4389425425"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John F. Maguire","raw_affiliation_strings":["Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433-7750"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433-7750","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I2799950915","https://openalex.org/I4388482690","https://openalex.org/I4388482708"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002684335"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I2799950915","https://openalex.org/I4388482690","https://openalex.org/I4388482708"],"apc_list":{"value":4500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":38.692,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":486,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99957768,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"11","first_page":"2736","last_page":"2751"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10501","display_name":"Polymer Nanocomposites and Properties","score":0.9696999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10501","display_name":"Polymer Nanocomposites and Properties","score":0.9696999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11471","display_name":"Block Copolymer Self-Assembly","score":0.00559999980032444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10074","display_name":"Carbon Nanotubes in Composites","score":0.0044999998062849045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer-nanocomposites","display_name":"polymer nanocomposites","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanoparticle-dispersion","display_name":"nanoparticle dispersion","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morphology-control","display_name":"morphology control","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchical-morphology","display_name":"hierarchical morphology","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanoparticle-alignment","display_name":"nanoparticle alignment","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanoparticle-filled-polymers","display_name":"nanoparticle-filled polymers","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anisotropic-materials","display_name":"anisotropic materials","score":0.5109999775886536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.7584859132766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6839451789855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92880739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2639556","display_name":"Nanocomposite","level":2,"score":0.6778718829154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C499950583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183252","display_name":"Morphology (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6724669933319092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155672457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61231","display_name":"Nanoparticle","level":2,"score":0.6680107116699219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3231350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3870164","display_name":"Polymer nanocomposite","level":3,"score":0.5208645462989807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4449559450149536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126348684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3456979","display_name":"Polymer science","level":1,"score":0.4409262239933014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.4127848744392395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188027245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446","display_name":"Polymer chemistry","level":1,"score":0.363766074180603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.3103576898574829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1021/cm062693+","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/cm062693+","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/cm062693+","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S66104727","display_name":"Chemistry of Materials","issn_l":"0897-4756","issn":["0897-4756","1520-5002"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Chemistry of Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:ADA469248","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&amp;verb=getRecord&amp;metadataPrefix=html&amp;identifier=ADA469248","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923043","display_name":"Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"DTIC","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":156,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W121401957","https://openalex.org/W568262888","https://openalex.org/W594880487","https://openalex.org/W1002720396","https://openalex.org/W1507311464","https://openalex.org/W1558107719","https://openalex.org/W1577470568","https://openalex.org/W1666787282","https://openalex.org/W1851444588","https://openalex.org/W1965565894","https://openalex.org/W1967142433","https://openalex.org/W1968175888","https://openalex.org/W1969549421","https://openalex.org/W1969739334","https://openalex.org/W1970907138","https://openalex.org/W1976694504","https://openalex.org/W1976965867","https://openalex.org/W1977233215","https://openalex.org/W1978020137","https://openalex.org/W1979716100","https://openalex.org/W1980485041","https://openalex.org/W1981005897","https://openalex.org/W1981977401","https://openalex.org/W1982352044","https://openalex.org/W1984286702","https://openalex.org/W1984322066","https://openalex.org/W1985910377","https://openalex.org/W1986241696","https://openalex.org/W1986911267","https://openalex.org/W1991634500","https://openalex.org/W1991705267","https://openalex.org/W1993999944","https://openalex.org/W1996193733","https://openalex.org/W1998321186","https://openalex.org/W1999198229","https://openalex.org/W1999966293","https://openalex.org/W2000509090","https://openalex.org/W2003988556","https://openalex.org/W2006971821","https://openalex.org/W2007478604","https://openalex.org/W2010086263","https://openalex.org/W2013057319","https://openalex.org/W2013156640","https://openalex.org/W2013182532","https://openalex.org/W2013520002","https://openalex.org/W2015618713","https://openalex.org/W2015801086","https://openalex.org/W2017030105","https://openalex.org/W2017970332","https://openalex.org/W2018633276","https://openalex.org/W2018650334","https://openalex.org/W2019436807","https://openalex.org/W2022309251","https://openalex.org/W2028993495","https://openalex.org/W2029643032","https://openalex.org/W2031297952","https://openalex.org/W2032300084","https://openalex.org/W2033406893","https://openalex.org/W2035877387","https://openalex.org/W2038340187","https://openalex.org/W2039749360","https://openalex.org/W2040958578","https://openalex.org/W2041684406","https://openalex.org/W2041723514","https://openalex.org/W2042626809","https://openalex.org/W2042785033","https://openalex.org/W2044738425","https://openalex.org/W2046047953","https://openalex.org/W2046449330","https://openalex.org/W2049303054","https://openalex.org/W2050273154","https://openalex.org/W2050275233","https://openalex.org/W2050720097","https://openalex.org/W2051526351","https://openalex.org/W2055222462","https://openalex.org/W2060293457","https://openalex.org/W2062220074","https://openalex.org/W2062615527","https://openalex.org/W2063177953","https://openalex.org/W2063506661","https://openalex.org/W2065431003","https://openalex.org/W2069425729","https://openalex.org/W2069507241","https://openalex.org/W2070848164","https://openalex.org/W2071836323","https://openalex.org/W2072785147","https://openalex.org/W2074067370","https://openalex.org/W2074668113","https://openalex.org/W2077612188","https://openalex.org/W2078815806","https://openalex.org/W2079614938","https://openalex.org/W2083201436","https://openalex.org/W2084015837","https://openalex.org/W2085873904","https://openalex.org/W2086063087","https://openalex.org/W2086217001","https://openalex.org/W2087057538","https://openalex.org/W2088051614","https://openalex.org/W2088274200","https://openalex.org/W2089637736","https://openalex.org/W2090806033","https://openalex.org/W2091094076","https://openalex.org/W2091643574","https://openalex.org/W2091749994","https://openalex.org/W2091858186","https://openalex.org/W2092200943","https://openalex.org/W2094948627","https://openalex.org/W2095061167","https://openalex.org/W2099566347","https://openalex.org/W2102119599","https://openalex.org/W2102914603","https://openalex.org/W2103118007","https://openalex.org/W2106492951","https://openalex.org/W2107765423","https://openalex.org/W2108290109","https://openalex.org/W2111043112","https://openalex.org/W2112300304","https://openalex.org/W2116711443","https://openalex.org/W2118058226","https://openalex.org/W2119862753","https://openalex.org/W2125897515","https://openalex.org/W2127825367","https://openalex.org/W2131420833","https://openalex.org/W2132006691","https://openalex.org/W2132685634","https://openalex.org/W2132968809","https://openalex.org/W2135634463","https://openalex.org/W2135993279","https://openalex.org/W2142112029","https://openalex.org/W2144779649","https://openalex.org/W2149134207","https://openalex.org/W2152892663","https://openalex.org/W2153414401","https://openalex.org/W2153668263","https://openalex.org/W2155349306","https://openalex.org/W2155549913","https://openalex.org/W2157608934","https://openalex.org/W2159838035","https://openalex.org/W2160897928","https://openalex.org/W2161025605","https://openalex.org/W2161753615","https://openalex.org/W2163557347","https://openalex.org/W2171988870","https://openalex.org/W2176277627","https://openalex.org/W2214915629","https://openalex.org/W2398413833","https://openalex.org/W2487045587","https://openalex.org/W2798567277","https://openalex.org/W2952854584","https://openalex.org/W4213235292","https://openalex.org/W4234646438","https://openalex.org/W4238873921","https://openalex.org/W4253527924","https://openalex.org/W4255993621","https://openalex.org/W4308293956","https://openalex.org/W4388395150"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994827264","https://openalex.org/W4408930670","https://openalex.org/W3150878262","https://openalex.org/W4391472534","https://openalex.org/W7161656584","https://openalex.org/W4286598140","https://openalex.org/W2408097798","https://openalex.org/W3130679770","https://openalex.org/W2325806896"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Polymer":[0],"nanocomposites":[1],"(PNCs),":[2],"i.e.":[3],"nanoparticles":[4],"(spheres,":[5],"rods,":[6],"and":[7,18,44,55,57,62,91,102,113,137,150,168],"plates)":[8],"dispersed":[9],"in":[10,134],"a":[11],"polymer":[12],"matrix,":[13,31],"have":[14],"garnered":[15],"substantial":[16],"academic":[17],"industrial":[19],"interest":[20],"since":[21],"their":[22],"inception,":[23],"ca.":[24],"1990.":[25],"With":[26],"respect":[27],"to":[28,37,146,156],"the":[29,69,73,110,122,128,144,148],"neat":[30],"nanoparticle":[32,70,111,132,166],"dispersion":[33],"has":[34],"been":[35],"shown":[36],"enhance":[38],"physical":[39],"(e.g.,":[40,48,59],"barrier,":[41],"erosion":[42],"resistance,":[43],"reduced":[45],"flammability),":[46],"thermomechanical":[47],"heat":[49],"distortion":[50],"temperature,":[51],"thermal":[52],"expansion":[53],"coefficient,":[54],"stiffness),":[56],"processing":[58],"surface":[60],"finish":[61],"melt":[63],"strength)":[64],"characteristics.":[65],"Beyond":[66],"maximization":[67],"of":[68,75,109,124,131,165,172],"dispersion,":[71],"however,":[72],"morphology":[74,130],"these":[76],"materials":[77],"is":[78],"many":[79],"times":[80],"uncontrolled,":[81],"yielding":[82],"isotropic":[83],"nanofilled":[84],"systems,":[85],"not":[86],"necessarily":[87],"spatially":[88],"\u201cengineered,":[89],"designed":[90],"tailored\u201d":[92],"materials.":[93],"To":[94],"impact":[95],"high-technology":[96],"applications":[97],"requiring":[98],"unique":[99],"electrical,":[100],"thermal,":[101],"optical":[103],"properties,":[104],"manufacturing":[105],"techniques":[106],"enabling":[107],"control":[108],"arrangement":[112],"distribution":[114],"must":[115],"be":[116],"developed.":[117],"This":[118],"paper":[119],"will":[120],"examine":[121],"status":[123],"approaches":[125,155],"for":[126],"directing":[127],"hierarchical":[129],"dispersions":[133],"three":[135],"dimensions,":[136],"beyond":[138],"uniaxial":[139],"alignment,":[140],"using":[141],"examples":[142],"from":[143],"literature":[145],"highlight":[147],"potential":[149],"issues.":[151],"Ultimately,":[152],"two":[153],"general":[154],"this":[157],"challenge":[158],"are":[159],"emerging,":[160],"namely,":[161],"external-in":[162],"(directed":[163],"patterning":[164],"dispersions)":[167],"internal-out":[169],"(mesophase":[170],"assembly":[171],"nanoparticles).":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":49}],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
