{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1973577464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260513488687","title":"Defining and Evaluating Perceptions of Victim Blame in Antigay Hate Crimes","display_name":"Defining and Evaluating Perceptions of Victim Blame in Antigay Hate Crimes","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-05-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1973577464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260513488687","mag":"1973577464","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23686621"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0886260513488687","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260513488687","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260513488687","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45333638","display_name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","issn_l":"0886-2605","issn":["0886-2605","1552-6518"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071413992","display_name":"Robert J. Cramer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9105-5565","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9105-5565"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191429286","display_name":"Sam Houston State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yh3cz06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191429286"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert J. Cramer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA","Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX 77304, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191429286"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX 77304, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191429286"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077535000","display_name":"Matt R. Nobles","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6957-6820","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6957-6820"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191429286","display_name":"Sam Houston State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yh3cz06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191429286"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matt R. Nobles","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA","#N# 1Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191429286"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N# 1Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191429286"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075026765","display_name":"Amanda M. Amacker","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191429286","display_name":"Sam Houston State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yh3cz06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191429286"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amanda M. Amacker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA","#N# 1Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191429286"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N# 1Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191429286"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063299117","display_name":"Lisa Dovoedo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191429286","display_name":"Sam Houston State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yh3cz06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191429286"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lisa Dovoedo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA","#N# 1Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191429286"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N# 1Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191429286"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191429286"],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":19.6271,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98883587,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"14","first_page":"2894","last_page":"2914"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13583","display_name":"Jury Decision Making Processes","score":0.39989998936653137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13583","display_name":"Jury Decision Making Processes","score":0.39989998936653137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11548","display_name":"Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies","score":0.18140000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10314","display_name":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","score":0.1559000015258789,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/victim-blaming","display_name":"victim blaming","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blame-attribution","display_name":"blame attribution","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mock-juries","display_name":"mock juries","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capital-murder","display_name":"capital murder","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentencing-decisions","display_name":"sentencing decisions","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homonegativity","display_name":"homonegativity","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authoritarianism","display_name":"authoritarianism","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malice","display_name":"malice","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recklessness","display_name":"recklessness","score":0.5189999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unreliability","display_name":"unreliability","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychometric-properties","display_name":"psychometric properties","score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/death-penalty","display_name":"death penalty","score":0.6470000147819519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781466463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621695","display_name":"Blame","level":2,"score":0.7958194613456726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7368126511573792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.685117244720459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143299363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900584","display_name":"Attribution","level":2,"score":0.6377065777778625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9719361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7928967","display_name":"Vignette","level":2,"score":0.6055717468261719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778068216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55019500","display_name":"Malice","level":2,"score":0.5248886942863464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.4760075509548187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4332975447177887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.39574360847473145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.16499769687652588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.10612329840660095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003415","descriptor_name":"Crime","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006252","descriptor_name":"Hate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019548","descriptor_name":"Crime Victims","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D063509","descriptor_name":"Homophobia","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0886260513488687","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260513488687","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260513488687","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45333638","display_name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","issn_l":"0886-2605","issn":["0886-2605","1552-6518"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:23686621","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23686621","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of interpersonal violence","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.9595999717712402},{"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.7307999730110168}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1508831339","https://openalex.org/W1565693361","https://openalex.org/W1566435857","https://openalex.org/W1636554345","https://openalex.org/W1966494669","https://openalex.org/W1969652380","https://openalex.org/W1970423503","https://openalex.org/W1972836853","https://openalex.org/W1980042226","https://openalex.org/W1980342191","https://openalex.org/W1980994439","https://openalex.org/W1983968004","https://openalex.org/W1991509491","https://openalex.org/W2001104120","https://openalex.org/W2002918627","https://openalex.org/W2005672314","https://openalex.org/W2012569273","https://openalex.org/W2015470821","https://openalex.org/W2016828441","https://openalex.org/W2025403666","https://openalex.org/W2025906549","https://openalex.org/W2040527437","https://openalex.org/W2042252806","https://openalex.org/W2043138630","https://openalex.org/W2048025154","https://openalex.org/W2048278116","https://openalex.org/W2051560375","https://openalex.org/W2051864699","https://openalex.org/W2054091306","https://openalex.org/W2058268297","https://openalex.org/W2060281082","https://openalex.org/W2063492479","https://openalex.org/W2065055605","https://openalex.org/W2065686996","https://openalex.org/W2066599907","https://openalex.org/W2067577199","https://openalex.org/W2069796209","https://openalex.org/W2070441753","https://openalex.org/W2071682933","https://openalex.org/W2088372423","https://openalex.org/W2119789231","https://openalex.org/W2119905530","https://openalex.org/W2120996730","https://openalex.org/W2123791568","https://openalex.org/W2130490228","https://openalex.org/W2131041517","https://openalex.org/W2136253554","https://openalex.org/W2138325436","https://openalex.org/W2155093640","https://openalex.org/W2262363919","https://openalex.org/W2320857303","https://openalex.org/W2725815320","https://openalex.org/W3123288703","https://openalex.org/W3127702745","https://openalex.org/W4234878346","https://openalex.org/W4235316990","https://openalex.org/W4237918656","https://openalex.org/W4241253590","https://openalex.org/W4292810003","https://openalex.org/W4387273670","https://openalex.org/W4394767300"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7098492928","https://openalex.org/W2039823031","https://openalex.org/W2051788816","https://openalex.org/W2012569273","https://openalex.org/W2334786373","https://openalex.org/W2065055605","https://openalex.org/W2889574208","https://openalex.org/W3049701049","https://openalex.org/W652345530","https://openalex.org/W7206189161"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Victimology":[0],"research":[1],"often":[2],"hinges":[3],"on":[4,16,25],"attribution":[5,28,126],"of":[6,13,21,38,41,71,131],"blame":[7,27,73,125],"toward":[8],"victims":[9],"despite":[10],"a":[11,51,64,132],"lack":[12],"conceptual":[14],"agreement":[15],"the":[17,22,32,39,68,102,116],"definition":[18],"and":[19,29,77,87,98,113,128],"measure":[20],"construct.":[23],"Drawing":[24],"established":[26],"intent":[30],"literature,":[31],"present":[33],"study":[34],"evaluates":[35],"psychometric":[36],"properties":[37],"Perceptions":[40],"Victim":[42],"Blame":[43],"Scale":[44],"(PVBS)":[45],"using":[46],"mock":[47],"jury":[48],"samples":[49],"in":[50],"vignette-based":[52],"capital":[53],"murder":[54],"antigay":[55],"hate":[56],"crime":[57,111],"context.":[58],"Factor":[59],"analyses":[60],"show":[61],"support":[62,114],"for":[63,110,115],"three-factor":[65],"structure":[66],"with":[67,85,95,122],"following":[69],"perceptions":[70],"victim":[72],"subscales:":[74],"Malice,":[75],"Recklessness,":[76],"Unreliability.":[78],"All":[79],"factors":[80,91],"displayed":[81,92],"expected":[82],"positive":[83],"associations":[84],"homonegativity":[86],"authoritarianism.":[88],"Likewise,":[89],"all":[90],"null":[93],"relations":[94],"trait":[96],"aggression":[97],"social":[99],"desirability.":[100],"Only":[101],"Malice":[103],"factor":[104],"predicted":[105],"sentencing":[106],"decisions":[107],"after":[108],"controlling":[109],"condition":[112],"death":[117],"penalty.":[118],"Results":[119],"are":[120],"reviewed":[121],"respect":[123],"to":[124],"theory":[127],"practical":[129],"application":[130],"revised":[133],"PVBS.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
