{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1973499724","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2012.08.012","title":"Consolidation and concentration in the German hospital market: The two sides of the coin","display_name":"Consolidation and concentration in the German hospital market: The two sides of the coin","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1973499724","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2012.08.012","mag":"1973499724","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22944048"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2012.08.012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2012.08.012","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2012.08.012","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209709","display_name":"Health Policy","issn_l":"0168-8510","issn":["0168-8510","1872-6054"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","fnege-2","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091310669","display_name":"Andreas Schmid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0141-0971","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0141-0971"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54009628","display_name":"University of Bayreuth","ror":"https://ror.org/0234wmv40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54009628"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Schmid","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bayreuth, Chair of Public Finance, VWL III, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany. andreas.schmid@uni-bayreuth.de","University of Bayreuth, Chair of Public Finance, VWL III, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bayreuth, Chair of Public Finance, VWL III, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany. andreas.schmid@uni-bayreuth.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54009628"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bayreuth, Chair of Public Finance, VWL III, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54009628"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061868012","display_name":"Volker Ulrich","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54009628","display_name":"University of Bayreuth","ror":"https://ror.org/0234wmv40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54009628"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Volker Ulrich","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bayreuth, Chair of Public Finance, VWL III, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bayreuth, Chair of Public Finance, VWL III, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54009628"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091310669"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54009628"],"apc_list":{"value":4220,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4220},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.0181,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97225022,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"109","issue":"3","first_page":"301","last_page":"310"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.9506999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.9506999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13896","display_name":"Health Services Management and Policy","score":0.01590000092983246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":0.008100000210106373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospital-market-concentration","display_name":"hospital market concentration","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospital-consolidation","display_name":"hospital consolidation","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospital-competition","display_name":"hospital competition","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-reform","display_name":"health care reform","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-hospitals","display_name":"rural hospitals","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-flow","display_name":"patient flow","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospital-census","display_name":"hospital census","score":0.7229999899864197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.869921088218689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776014549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3050847","display_name":"Consolidation (business)","level":2,"score":0.8157477378845215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7358587384223938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779713992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2559581","display_name":"Market concentration","level":3,"score":0.6275649666786194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985380958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q319676","display_name":"Market competition","level":2,"score":0.49018460512161255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994141135","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q319676","display_name":"Economic competition","level":3,"score":0.47335314750671387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.46932336688041687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.42881494760513306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155739000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877707","display_name":"Market structure","level":2,"score":0.4217844009399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.3638457655906677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3263733386993408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.30106958746910095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.2562554180622101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.1372898817062378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1187567412853241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004465","descriptor_name":"Economic Competition","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005858","descriptor_name":"Germany","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006761","descriptor_name":"Hospitals","qualifier_ui":"Q000600","qualifier_name":"supply & distribution","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018166","descriptor_name":"Health Care Reform","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019981","descriptor_name":"Health Care Sector","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2012.08.012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2012.08.012","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2012.08.012","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209709","display_name":"Health Policy","issn_l":"0168-8510","issn":["0168-8510","1872-6054"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","fnege-2","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22944048","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22944048","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:eee:hepoli:v:109:y:2013:i:3:p:301-310","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168851012002217","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6240000128746033,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W62937176","https://openalex.org/W1514362909","https://openalex.org/W1773095287","https://openalex.org/W1983987011","https://openalex.org/W1998492958","https://openalex.org/W2011289295","https://openalex.org/W2014885313","https://openalex.org/W2017356517","https://openalex.org/W2017843400","https://openalex.org/W2028578957","https://openalex.org/W2032757377","https://openalex.org/W2039970802","https://openalex.org/W2040435801","https://openalex.org/W2041280804","https://openalex.org/W2075181151","https://openalex.org/W2081903097","https://openalex.org/W2084185396","https://openalex.org/W2104137056","https://openalex.org/W2113721982","https://openalex.org/W2117590574","https://openalex.org/W2123166269","https://openalex.org/W2142741607","https://openalex.org/W2168955366","https://openalex.org/W2170019841","https://openalex.org/W2247412696","https://openalex.org/W2398372802","https://openalex.org/W2407068974","https://openalex.org/W2415475031","https://openalex.org/W2487054502","https://openalex.org/W2487405547","https://openalex.org/W2493261743","https://openalex.org/W2503205869","https://openalex.org/W2619685197","https://openalex.org/W2794293516","https://openalex.org/W3122911397","https://openalex.org/W3124724806","https://openalex.org/W4236886486","https://openalex.org/W4240038312","https://openalex.org/W4251246302","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6808639928"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3122206990","https://openalex.org/W2250041719","https://openalex.org/W2040435801","https://openalex.org/W7214255704","https://openalex.org/W1968959998","https://openalex.org/W2493953522","https://openalex.org/W2300623568","https://openalex.org/W3047018638","https://openalex.org/W2793425752","https://openalex.org/W2338775930"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}