{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1973385255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-011-8229-6","title":"Brain Insulin Signaling and Alzheimer's Disease: Current Evidence and Future Directions","display_name":"Brain Insulin Signaling and Alzheimer's Disease: Current Evidence and Future Directions","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-12-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1973385255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-011-8229-6","mag":"1973385255","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22205300","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3443484"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12035-011-8229-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-011-8229-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-011-8229-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12035-011-8229-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S194681035","display_name":"Molecular Neurobiology","issn_l":"0893-7648","issn":["0893-7648","1559-1182"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Molecular Neurobiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12035-011-8229-6.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085396890","display_name":"Helgi B. Schi\u00f6th","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7112-0921","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7112-0921"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123387679","display_name":"Uppsala University","ror":"https://ror.org/048a87296","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Helgi B. Schi\u00f6th","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Box 593, Husargatan 3, Uppsala, Sweden","Uppsala University ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Box 593, Husargatan 3, Uppsala, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Uppsala University ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019308143","display_name":"Suzanne Craft","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0591-8657","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0591-8657"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094549","display_name":"VA Puget Sound Health Care System","ror":"https://ror.org/00ky3az31","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210094549","https://openalex.org/I4210138024"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suzanne Craft","raw_affiliation_strings":["Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA","University of Washington School of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I4210094549"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078795598","display_name":"Samantha Jane Brooks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-6257","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-6257"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123387679","display_name":"Uppsala University","ror":"https://ror.org/048a87296","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samantha J. Brooks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Box 593, Husargatan 3, Uppsala, Sweden","Uppsala University ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Box 593, Husargatan 3, Uppsala, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Uppsala University ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046805860","display_name":"William H. Frey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6373-0794","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6373-0794"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282532422","display_name":"Regions Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfqd210","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282532422"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52792670","display_name":"HealthPartners","ror":"https://ror.org/03s9ada67","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52792670"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William H. Frey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alzheimer\u2019s Research Center at Regions Hospital, HealthPartners Research Foundation, St. Paul, MN, USA","Alzheimer\u2019s Research Center at Regions Hospital, HealthPartners Research Foundation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alzheimer\u2019s Research Center at Regions Hospital, HealthPartners Research Foundation, St. Paul, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282532422","https://openalex.org/I52792670"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alzheimer\u2019s Research Center at Regions Hospital, HealthPartners Research Foundation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282532422","https://openalex.org/I52792670"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002592036","display_name":"Christian Benedict","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-4068","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-4068"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123387679","display_name":"Uppsala University","ror":"https://ror.org/048a87296","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christian Benedict","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Box 593, Husargatan 3, Uppsala, Sweden","Uppsala University ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Box 593, Husargatan 3, Uppsala, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Uppsala University ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002592036"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"],"apc_list":{"value":4590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4590},"apc_paid":{"value":4590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4590},"fwci":1.6341,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":166,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84683882,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"46","issue":"1","first_page":"4","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10086","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease research and treatments","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10086","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease research and treatments","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11266","display_name":"Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-insulin-signaling","display_name":"brain insulin signaling","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alzheimer-s-disease","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-resistance","display_name":"insulin resistance","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hippocampus","display_name":"hippocampus","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intranasal-insulin","display_name":"intranasal insulin","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-brain-barrier","display_name":"blood-brain barrier","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-and-memory","display_name":"learning and memory","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amyloid-beta","display_name":"amyloid-beta","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tau-phosphorylation","display_name":"tau phosphorylation","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-receptor","display_name":"insulin receptor","score":0.5460000038146973}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112446052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422579","display_name":"Insulin receptor","level":4,"score":0.8203438520431519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.7698558568954468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.5888307094573975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778402981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221694","display_name":"Blood\u2013brain barrier","level":3,"score":0.5416454076766968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777391703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053470","display_name":"Insulin resistance","level":3,"score":0.5264015197753906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781161787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48360","display_name":"Hippocampus","level":2,"score":0.4848853051662445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148762608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3748185","display_name":"Hippocampal formation","level":2,"score":0.45697057247161865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4546445310115814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.43772587180137634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.3503538966178894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3240070939064026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.29480767250061035}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000544","descriptor_name":"Alzheimer Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000544","descriptor_name":"Alzheimer Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000544","descriptor_name":"Alzheimer Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007328","descriptor_name":"Insulin","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007328","descriptor_name":"Insulin","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007328","descriptor_name":"Insulin","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007333","descriptor_name":"Insulin Resistance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008568","descriptor_name":"Memory","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015398","descriptor_name":"Signal Transduction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12035-011-8229-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-011-8229-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-011-8229-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12035-011-8229-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S194681035","display_name":"Molecular Neurobiology","issn_l":"0893-7648","issn":["0893-7648","1559-1182"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Molecular Neurobiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2448845","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3443484","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3443484","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3443484","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mol Neurobiol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:22205300","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22205300","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Molecular neurobiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.792.7462","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.792.7462","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/6e/a8/12035_2011_Article_8229.PMC3443484.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12035-011-8229-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-011-8229-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-011-8229-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12035-011-8229-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S194681035","display_name":"Molecular Neurobiology","issn_l":"0893-7648","issn":["0893-7648","1559-1182"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Molecular Neurobiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9763000011444092,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309792","display_name":"\u00c5ke Wiberg Stiftelse","ror":"https://ror.org/03htnqd27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322436","display_name":"Novo Nordisk","ror":"https://ror.org/0435rc536"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322581","display_name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","ror":"https://ror.org/03zttf063"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1973385255.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1973385255.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1527910050","https://openalex.org/W1543788907","https://openalex.org/W1543878663","https://openalex.org/W1561443084","https://openalex.org/W1598885120","https://openalex.org/W1964216200","https://openalex.org/W1964819245","https://openalex.org/W1967262708","https://openalex.org/W1967564647","https://openalex.org/W1970779072","https://openalex.org/W1978999542","https://openalex.org/W1992431456","https://openalex.org/W1997192458","https://openalex.org/W2001525797","https://openalex.org/W2005429922","https://openalex.org/W2005580313","https://openalex.org/W2009626778","https://openalex.org/W2014223577","https://openalex.org/W2015016479","https://openalex.org/W2031472414","https://openalex.org/W2033411034","https://openalex.org/W2038792569","https://openalex.org/W2043314401","https://openalex.org/W2043559595","https://openalex.org/W2044832776","https://openalex.org/W2046140771","https://openalex.org/W2047509507","https://openalex.org/W2050277764","https://openalex.org/W2055708395","https://openalex.org/W2056326536","https://openalex.org/W2069594727","https://openalex.org/W2076725316","https://openalex.org/W2077756131","https://openalex.org/W2083337622","https://openalex.org/W2086190854","https://openalex.org/W2094055193","https://openalex.org/W2097037482","https://openalex.org/W2097335530","https://openalex.org/W2099512544","https://openalex.org/W2101048381","https://openalex.org/W2101284761","https://openalex.org/W2104214286","https://openalex.org/W2109876897","https://openalex.org/W2111455366","https://openalex.org/W2111765180","https://openalex.org/W2116479667","https://openalex.org/W2123541107","https://openalex.org/W2124508932","https://openalex.org/W2131760568","https://openalex.org/W2133002147","https://openalex.org/W2148301868","https://openalex.org/W2153284686","https://openalex.org/W2156600347","https://openalex.org/W2157201358","https://openalex.org/W2157247104","https://openalex.org/W2159915554","https://openalex.org/W2160250384","https://openalex.org/W2166853536","https://openalex.org/W2211146892","https://openalex.org/W2303165873","https://openalex.org/W2316108515","https://openalex.org/W4245386160"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7100317300","https://openalex.org/W2043381283","https://openalex.org/W1965520272","https://openalex.org/W7099742807","https://openalex.org/W2077418520","https://openalex.org/W4309742224","https://openalex.org/W3125640640","https://openalex.org/W2528180293","https://openalex.org/W3007240756","https://openalex.org/W2798036616"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Insulin":[0],"receptors":[1],"in":[2,7,10,19],"the":[3,11,20,29,35,45,48,74,101,112,131],"brain":[4,105,138],"are":[5],"found":[6],"high":[8],"densities":[9],"hippocampus,":[12],"a":[13,50],"region":[14],"that":[15,59,120],"is":[16,80],"fundamentally":[17],"involved":[18],"acquisition,":[21],"consolidation,":[22],"and":[23,40,69,90,94,129],"recollection":[24],"of":[25,52,88,97,133],"new":[26],"information.":[27],"Using":[28],"intranasal":[30,143],"method,":[31],"which":[32],"effectively":[33],"bypasses":[34],"blood-brain":[36,102],"barrier":[37],"to":[38,47,82,126,150],"deliver":[39],"target":[41],"insulin":[42,65,84,89,91,99,106,121,139],"directly":[43],"from":[44],"nose":[46],"brain,":[49],"series":[51],"experiments":[53],"involving":[54],"healthy":[55],"humans":[56],"has":[57],"shown":[58],"increased":[60],"central":[61],"nervous":[62],"system":[63],"(CNS)":[64],"action":[66],"enhances":[67],"learning":[68],"memory":[70],"processes":[71],"associated":[72,115],"with":[73,116],"hippocampus.":[75],"Since":[76],"Alzheimer's":[77],"disease":[78],"(AD)":[79],"linked":[81],"CNS":[83],"resistance,":[85],"decreased":[86],"expression":[87],"receptor":[92],"genes":[93],"attenuated":[95],"permeation":[96],"blood-borne":[98],"across":[100],"barrier,":[103],"impaired":[104],"signaling":[107],"could":[108,145],"partially":[109],"account":[110],"for":[111],"cognitive":[113],"deficits":[114],"this":[117],"disease.":[118],"Considering":[119],"mitigates":[122],"hippocampal":[123],"synapse":[124],"vulnerability":[125],"amyloid":[127],"beta":[128],"inhibits":[130],"phosphorylation":[132],"tau,":[134],"pharmacological":[135],"strategies":[136],"bolstering":[137],"signaling,":[140],"such":[141],"as":[142],"insulin,":[144],"have":[146],"significant":[147],"therapeutic":[148],"potential":[149],"deter":[151],"AD":[152],"pathogenesis.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
