{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1973272153","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.2011.02153.x","title":"Benefits, limitations and outcomes of vitreoretinal surgery, Nairobi, Kenya: 8\u2010year experience","display_name":"Benefits, limitations and outcomes of vitreoretinal surgery, Nairobi, Kenya: 8\u2010year experience","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-06-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1973272153","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.2011.02153.x","mag":"1973272153","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21649875"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.2011.02153.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.2011.02153.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.2011.02153.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S21165490","display_name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","issn_l":"0001-639X","issn":["0001-639X","1755-375X","1755-3768"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109161424","display_name":"Carl\u2010Ludwig Sch\u00f6nfeld","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carl\u2010Ludwig Sch\u00f6nfeld","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eye Hospital Herzog Carl Theodor, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eye Hospital Herzog Carl Theodor, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114102477","display_name":"Patrick Nyaga","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Nyaga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Kenyatta Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kenyatta Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111541899","display_name":"Oskar M. Onyango","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oskar M. Onyango","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Kenyatta Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kenyatta Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041502706","display_name":"Volker Klau\u00df","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Volker Klau\u00df","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany","Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munich, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038996603","display_name":"Anselm Kampik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6801-7114","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6801-7114"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anselm Kampik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany","Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munich, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031741923","display_name":"Martin Kollmann","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12859529","display_name":"University of Nairobi","ror":"https://ror.org/02y9nww90","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12859529"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Kollmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12859529"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109161424"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"90","issue":"3","first_page":"e244","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11377","display_name":"Retinal and Macular Surgery","score":0.9639000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11377","display_name":"Retinal and Macular Surgery","score":0.9639000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.01759999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12484","display_name":"Retinopathy of Prematurity Studies","score":0.004600000102072954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitrectomy","display_name":"vitrectomy","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgical-outcomes","display_name":"surgical outcomes","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-acuity-outcomes","display_name":"visual acuity outcomes","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal-detachment","display_name":"retinal detachment","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-retinopathy","display_name":"diabetic retinopathy","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal-vascular-disease","display_name":"retinal vascular disease","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ocular-trauma","display_name":"ocular trauma","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgical-training-programme","display_name":"surgical training programme","score":0.5789999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgical-residents","display_name":"surgical residents","score":0.38100001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-limited-settings","display_name":"resource-limited settings","score":0.4659999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developing-countries","display_name":"developing countries","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blindness-prevention","display_name":"blindness prevention","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgical-complications","display_name":"surgical complications","score":0.4320000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kenya","display_name":"Kenya","score":0.33799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nairobi","display_name":"Nairobi","score":0.4440000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7937366366386414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019082958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760348","display_name":"Vitreoretinal surgery","level":4,"score":0.5372258424758911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780929884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737460","display_name":"Blindness","level":2,"score":0.5133039355278015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119767625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618211","display_name":"Optometry","level":1,"score":0.5075665712356567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776391266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9612","display_name":"Fundus (uterus)","level":2,"score":0.4859005808830261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780084366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demographics","level":2,"score":0.4541449546813965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83864248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Developing country","level":2,"score":0.453821063041687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778257484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555066","display_name":"Visual acuity","level":2,"score":0.4331987500190735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780428090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625164","display_name":"Retinal detachment","level":3,"score":0.42838263511657715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779829184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631361","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.4228527843952179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.3012727200984955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781242345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924295","display_name":"Vitrectomy","level":3,"score":0.13514500856399536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001","display_name":"Retinal","level":2,"score":0.12388628721237183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.09459680318832397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003906","descriptor_name":"Developing Countries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006295","descriptor_name":"Health Resources","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007630","descriptor_name":"Kenya","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009885","descriptor_name":"Ophthalmology","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016896","descriptor_name":"Treatment Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057586","descriptor_name":"Vitreoretinal Surgery","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.2011.02153.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.2011.02153.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.2011.02153.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S21165490","display_name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","issn_l":"0001-639X","issn":["0001-639X","1755-375X","1755-3768"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:21649875","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21649875","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta ophthalmologica","raw_type":"Letter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:11295/35308","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hinari-gw.who.int/whalecomwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/whalecom0/pubmed/21649875","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402107","display_name":"University of Nairobi Research Archive (University of Nairobi)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I12859529","host_organization_name":"University of Nairobi","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12859529"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9763000011444092,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"score":0.5217000246047974,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W109894636","https://openalex.org/W2042480821","https://openalex.org/W2072175453","https://openalex.org/W2407026106"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7098031648","https://openalex.org/W2071982455","https://openalex.org/W2405351011","https://openalex.org/W2097758311","https://openalex.org/W2255405835","https://openalex.org/W57116829","https://openalex.org/W1987717266","https://openalex.org/W2403181138","https://openalex.org/W1970311517","https://openalex.org/W4403850609"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Editor,":[0],"Vitreoretinal":[1],"surgery":[2,210],"(VS)":[3],"has":[4,404,466,593],"been":[5],"of":[6,13,16,26,39,63,72,96,127,146,158,177,192,216,251,328,333,344,349,352,446,498,557,571],"low":[7],"priority":[8],"in":[9,44,76,111,239,248,254,274,293,312,323,384,398,425,428,599],"developing":[10,45,385],"countries":[11,46,386],"because":[12],"the":[14,94,105,115,125,142,144,150,159,164,171,175,178,183,240,249,267,317,334,341,345,357,362,366,416,419,435,442,447,464,475,490,496,511,533,569],"lack":[15],"skilled":[17],"personnel,":[18],"services":[19],"(Khan":[20],"et":[21,83],"al.":[22,84],"2010),":[23],"awareness,":[24],"availability":[25],"sterilized":[27,120,558],"ophthalmic":[28,121,429,433,512,559],"surgical":[29,122,335,379,560],"instruments,":[30,561],"governmental":[31],"funds":[32],"and":[33,42,149,169,174,208,229,237,302,355,365,389,444,471,486,514,526,550,565,577,588],"unique":[34,589],"partnership.":[35,590],"Although":[36],"most":[37,491],"causes":[38],"visual":[40,205],"impairment":[41],"blindness":[43],"are":[47,57,454,574],"relatively":[48],"easy":[49],"to":[50,92,162,182,257,279,414,438,478,494,517,524,538],"cure,":[51],"provided":[52,119],"minimally":[53],"adequate":[54],"medical":[55],"resources":[56],"available.":[58],"From":[59],"an":[60,199,309,321,412],"estimated":[61],"total":[62],"37":[64],"million":[65,74],"blinds":[66,97],"worldwide,":[67],"a":[68,90,135,187,245,271,290,326,377,594],"vastly":[69],"overproportional":[70],"share":[71],"seven":[73],"resides":[75],"Africa":[77,505],"(Lewallen":[78],"&":[79],"Courtright":[80],"2001;":[81],"Pizzarello":[82],"2004).":[85],"In":[86,133],"1995,":[87],"WHO":[88,102,499],"initiated":[89,140],"programme":[91,138,160,393,403,500],"reduce":[93],"number":[95,250,348],"by":[98,263,361,456,543],"2020":[99],"(Yorston":[100],"1999;":[101],"2008).":[103,509],"After":[104],"assault":[106],"on":[107,568],"two":[108],"US":[109],"embassies":[110],"Nairobi,":[112],"Kenya":[113],"(1998),":[114],"Ludwig-Maximilians-University":[116],"(LMU),":[117],"Munich":[118],"equipment":[123],"for":[124,468,503,535],"treatment":[126],"42":[128],"victims":[129],"with":[130,320,459,484],"eye":[131,546],"injuries.":[132],"2000,":[134],"vitreoretinal":[136],"training":[137,301,392,402,586],"was":[139,161,296,314],"between":[141],"LMU,":[143],"University":[145],"Nairobi":[147],"(UN)":[148],"Kenyatta":[151],"National":[152],"Hospital":[153],"(KNH),":[154],"Kenya.":[155],"The":[156,260,391],"focus":[157],"teach":[163],"aspiring":[165,409,563],"resident":[166,264],"doctors":[167,265],"VS":[168,197,536],"review":[170],"limitations,":[172],"outcomes":[173,397],"effectiveness":[176],"tertiary":[179],"care":[180,483,547],"delivered":[181],"patients.":[184],"This":[185],"is":[186,387,489],"retrospective,":[188],"descriptive":[189],"case":[190],"series":[191],"378":[193],"patients":[194,234],"(operations)":[195],"undergoing":[196],"over":[198],"8-year":[200],"period.":[201],"Demographics,":[202],"fundus":[203],"examination,":[204],"acuity":[206],"before":[207],"after":[209],"were":[211,219,235,287],"analysed.":[212],"A":[213],"wide":[214],"range":[215],"ocular":[217,230],"diseases":[218],"considered,":[220],"i.e.":[221,381],"diabetic":[222],"retinopathy,":[223],"retinal":[224,227,382,482],"vascular":[225],"disorders,":[226],"detachment":[228],"trauma.":[231],"Low":[232],"socioeconomic":[233],"identified":[236],"included":[238],"programme.":[241],"Figure":[242],"1":[243,306],"represents":[244,307],"significant":[246],"increase":[247],"operations":[252,261,353,417],"performed":[253,262,360],"2000":[255,277],"(17)":[256],"2007":[258,280],"(85).":[259],"outside":[266,356],"project":[268,358],"week":[269],"showed":[270,394],"drastic":[272],"rise":[273],"percentage":[275,351],"from":[276],"(29%)":[278],"(76%),":[281],"respectively.":[282],"No":[283,591],"serious":[284],"intraoperative":[285],"complications":[286],"documented.":[288],"Subsequently,":[289],"marked":[291],"decrease":[292],"preparation":[294],"time":[295],"seen":[297,315],"indicating":[298],"theatre":[299,566],"staff":[300,567],"expert":[303,420],"guidance.":[304,421],"Table":[305],"that":[308,375],"increasing":[310],"trend":[311],"difficulty":[313],"throughout":[316],"study":[318],"period":[319],"exception":[322],"(2004).":[324],"As":[325],"result":[327],"logistic":[329],"difficulties,":[330],"only":[331,441],"half":[332],"records":[336],"could":[337],"be":[338,518,539,582],"reviewed,":[339],"being":[340],"foremost":[342],"limitation":[343],"study.":[346],"Total":[347],"vitrectomies,":[350],"within":[354],"weeks":[359],"local":[363],"surgeons":[364,410,564],"visiting":[367],"surgeon":[368,436],"(CLS,":[369],"Carl-Ludwig":[370],"Sch\u00f6nfeld).":[371],"Our":[372],"results":[373],"confirm":[374],"teaching":[376],"sophisticated":[378],"technique,":[380],"microsurgery,":[383,434],"possible":[388],"beneficial.":[390],"promising":[395],"clinical":[396],"East":[399],"Africa.":[400],"Onsite":[401],"several":[405],"advantages:":[406],"first,":[407],"young":[408,562],"get":[411],"opportunity":[413],"conduct":[415],"under":[418],"Secondly,":[422],"it":[423],"helps":[424],"reducing":[426],"errors":[427],"care.":[430],"For":[431,529],"successful":[432],"needs":[437,537],"understand":[439],"not":[440,554],"design":[443],"complexities":[445],"operating":[448],"microscope,":[449],"but":[450,553],"also":[451],"how":[452],"tissues":[453],"affected":[455],"minute":[457],"manipulations":[458],"microsurgical":[460],"instrumentations.":[461],"Besides":[462],"this,":[463],"trainer":[465],"potentials":[467],"skill":[469],"assessment":[470],"can":[472,581],"set":[473],"up":[474,541],"facilities":[476],"according":[477],"onsite":[479],"situation.":[480],"Effective":[481],"early":[485],"accurate":[487],"diagnosis":[488],"important":[492,575],"prerequisite":[493],"achieve":[495],"goal":[497],"\u2018VISION":[501],"2020\u2019":[502],"sub-Saharan":[504],"(World":[506],"Health":[507],"Organization":[508],"Additionally,":[510],"standards":[513],"strategies":[515],"need":[516],"improved":[519],"which":[520,580],"would":[521],"ultimately":[522],"lead":[523],"safe":[525],"efficient":[527],"treatment.":[528],"implementing":[530],"evidence-based":[531],"approach,":[532],"infrastructure":[534],"built":[540],"step":[542,544],"making":[545],"more":[548],"available":[549],"accessible.":[551],"Last":[552],"least,":[555],"maintenance":[556],"basis":[570],"short":[572],"visits":[573],"attributes":[576],"appear":[578],"cost-effective,":[579],"solved":[583],"through":[584],"exchange":[585],"programmes":[587],"author":[592],"financial":[595],"or":[596,602],"proprietary":[597],"interest":[598],"any":[600],"material":[601],"method":[603],"mentioned.":[604]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
