{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1973240885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0447.2000.102006445.x","title":"Sex ratio of transsexuals in Germany: the development over three decades","display_name":"Sex ratio of transsexuals in Germany: the development over three decades","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1973240885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0447.2000.102006445.x","mag":"1973240885","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11142434"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1034/j.1600-0447.2000.102006445.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0447.2000.102006445.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0447.2000.102006445.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199498439","display_name":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica","issn_l":"0001-690X","issn":["0001-690X","1600-0447"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009833488","display_name":"L. Garrels","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114090438","display_name":"Goethe University Frankfurt","ror":"https://ror.org/04cvxnb49","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114090438"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"L. Garrels","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Sexual Science, University of Frankfurt/Main, Germany","Institute for Sexual Science, University of Frankfurt/Main,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Sexual Science, University of Frankfurt/Main, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114090438"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Sexual Science, University of Frankfurt/Main,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114090438"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109178021","display_name":"G\ufffdtz Kockott","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Kockott","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychiatric Clinic, Technical University Munich,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychiatric Clinic, Technical University Munich,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058264668","display_name":"N. Michael","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22465464","display_name":"University of M\u00fcnster","ror":"https://ror.org/00pd74e08","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Michael","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychiatric Clinic, University of Mu\u0308nster,","Psychiatric Clinic, University of M\u00fcnster,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychiatric Clinic, University of Mu\u0308nster,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychiatric Clinic, University of M\u00fcnster,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090328390","display_name":"Wilhelm F. Preuss","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Preuss","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sexual Research, University of Hamburg,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sexual Research, University of Hamburg,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043177339","display_name":"Karin Renter-Schmidt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Renter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sexual Research, University of Hamburg,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sexual Research, University of Hamburg,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026890421","display_name":"G\u00fcnter Schmidt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1944-0885","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1944-0885","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0709-5295"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Schmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sexual Research, University of Hamburg,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sexual Research, University of Hamburg,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021339254","display_name":"Volkmar Sigusch","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114090438","display_name":"Goethe University Frankfurt","ror":"https://ror.org/04cvxnb49","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114090438"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Sigusch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Sexual Science, University of Frankfurt/Main,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Sexual Science, University of Frankfurt/Main,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114090438"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019246580","display_name":"Klaus Windgassen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Windgassen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychiatric Hospital \u2018Tannenhof\u2019, Remscheid, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychiatric Hospital \u2018Tannenhof\u2019, Remscheid, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009833488"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114090438"],"apc_list":{"value":4880,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4880},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.038,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":64,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93009855,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"102","issue":"6","first_page":"445","last_page":"448"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10156","display_name":"LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10156","display_name":"LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11956","display_name":"Sexual Differentiation and Disorders","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12275","display_name":"Gender and Feminist Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transsexualism","display_name":"transsexualism","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-ratio","display_name":"sex ratio","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-identity","display_name":"gender identity","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/germany","display_name":"Germany","score":0.4189999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-trends","display_name":"temporal trends","score":0.5090000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780503580","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190965","display_name":"Transsexual","level":3,"score":0.851996123790741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57520943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068155","display_name":"Sex ratio","level":3,"score":0.7536770105361938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019236073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052281","display_name":"Male to female","level":3,"score":0.741248369216919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019878590","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2449503","display_name":"Female to male","level":2,"score":0.6866728067398071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777656388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049021","display_name":"Gender dysphoria","level":3,"score":0.6173384785652161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.5379074215888977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.45370006561279297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.44805172085762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019212871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43445","display_name":"Female sex","level":2,"score":0.4312136471271515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4248763620853424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.39047086238861084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991839931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48264","display_name":"Gender identity","level":2,"score":0.26100850105285645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779671885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189125","display_name":"Transgender","level":2,"score":0.23038789629936218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.1749396026134491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.15654712915420532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.15615954995155334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.13675013184547424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.12048351764678955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61434518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932510","display_name":"General surgery","level":1,"score":0.07059970498085022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003466","descriptor_name":"Cultural Characteristics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005858","descriptor_name":"Germany","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010344","descriptor_name":"Patient Advocacy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012744","descriptor_name":"Sex Ratio","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014189","descriptor_name":"Transsexualism","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015994","descriptor_name":"Incidence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1034/j.1600-0447.2000.102006445.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0447.2000.102006445.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0447.2000.102006445.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199498439","display_name":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica","issn_l":"0001-690X","issn":["0001-690X","1600-0447"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11142434","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11142434","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.578.9721","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.578.9721","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ai.eecs.umich.edu/people/conway/TS/Prevalence/Reports/REFs/garrels2000.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8048999905586243,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"score":0.5,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.6499999761581421,"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1491915121","https://openalex.org/W1496668550","https://openalex.org/W1968409212","https://openalex.org/W1971306599","https://openalex.org/W1972491958","https://openalex.org/W1988058834","https://openalex.org/W1994494414","https://openalex.org/W2006348678","https://openalex.org/W2011467414","https://openalex.org/W2022903128","https://openalex.org/W2073227223","https://openalex.org/W2080272537","https://openalex.org/W2085980507","https://openalex.org/W2124346745","https://openalex.org/W2130606406","https://openalex.org/W2131437332"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W130246452","https://openalex.org/W7110522157","https://openalex.org/W2130606406","https://openalex.org/W2085980507","https://openalex.org/W2022903128","https://openalex.org/W2011467414","https://openalex.org/W1980241250","https://openalex.org/W7042719049","https://openalex.org/W6964945667","https://openalex.org/W3003312172"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"The":[1,104],"higher":[2],"incidence":[3],"of":[4,22,67,119,122,140],"man-to-woman":[5,68],"transsexuals":[6,10,124],"compared":[7],"to":[8,15,26,56,85],"woman-to-man":[9],"varies":[11],"markedly":[12],"from":[13],"country":[14],"country.":[16],"This":[17],"is":[18,96],"the":[19,23,46,58,71,92,107,138,144],"first":[20],"survey":[21],"sex":[24,59,108],"ratio":[25,60,109],"be":[27,113],"made":[28],"in":[29,65,101,106,134],"Germany.":[30],"METHOD:":[31],"It":[32],"covers":[33],"1785":[34],"patients":[35],"who":[36],"between":[37],"1964":[38],"and":[39,80,136],"1998":[40],"were":[41],"diagnosed":[42],"as":[43,116,126],"transsexual":[44],"at":[45,63],"four":[47],"largest":[48],"German":[49],"centres":[50],"offering":[51],"treatment.":[52],"RESULTS:":[53],"From":[54],"1970":[55],"1994":[57,86,111],"remained":[61],"constant":[62],"2:1":[64],"favour":[66],"transsexuals.":[69],"Over":[70],"past":[72],"4":[73],"years,":[74],"however,":[75],"it":[76],"has":[77],"altered":[78],"considerably":[79],"reached":[81],"1.2:1.":[82],"CONCLUSION:":[83],"Up":[84],"our":[87],"results":[88],"do":[89],"not":[90],"support":[91],"assumption":[93],"that":[94],"transsexualism":[95],"gradually":[97],"becoming":[98],"equally":[99],"prevalent":[100],"both":[102],"sexes.":[103],"drop":[105],"after":[110],"can":[112],"explained":[114],"either":[115],"a":[117],"reduction":[118],"an":[120,127],"overhang":[121],"male-to-female":[123],"or":[125],"artificial":[128],"phenomenon":[129],"caused":[130],"by":[131,137],"recent":[132],"developments":[133],"therapy":[135],"views":[139],"transsexuals'":[141],"groups":[142],"on":[143],"treatment":[145],"they":[146],"are":[147],"offered.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}