{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1973120249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1143263","title":"Scandal and Reform: Controlling Police Corruption","display_name":"Scandal and Reform: Controlling Police Corruption","publication_year":1981,"publication_date":"1981-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1973120249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1143263","mag":"1973120249"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/1143263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1143263","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1143263","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S66810094","display_name":"The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-)","issn_l":"0091-4169","issn":["0091-4169","2160-0325"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316702","host_organization_name":"Northwestern University School of Law","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Northwestern University School of Law"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058261467","display_name":"Dennis E. Hoffman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dennis E. Hoffman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001892318","display_name":"Lawrence W. Sherman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7391-3562","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7391-3562"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lawrence W. Sherman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.8942,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":91,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96342209,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"4","first_page":"1905","last_page":"1905"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11076","display_name":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","score":0.8539999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11076","display_name":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","score":0.8539999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11838","display_name":"Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance","score":0.06520000100135803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11042","display_name":"Corruption and Economic Development","score":0.04340000078082085,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-corruption","display_name":"police corruption","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scandal","display_name":"scandal","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-reform","display_name":"police reform","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-enforcement-accountability","display_name":"law enforcement accountability","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-misconduct","display_name":"police misconduct","score":0.44200000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780027415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q524648","display_name":"Language change","level":2,"score":0.6668523550033569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.542049765586853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.5221260190010071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.45009830594062805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3266468048095703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.23060625791549683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.09915462136268616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/1143263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1143263","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1143263","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S66810094","display_name":"The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-)","issn_l":"0091-4169","issn":["0091-4169","2160-0325"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316702","host_organization_name":"Northwestern University School of Law","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Northwestern University School of Law"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-)","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9595999717712402,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W43000644","https://openalex.org/W2582315842","https://openalex.org/W632562186","https://openalex.org/W2789074812","https://openalex.org/W7097731766","https://openalex.org/W130763130","https://openalex.org/W2004605057","https://openalex.org/W142017297","https://openalex.org/W2354485759","https://openalex.org/W4242800648"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-08-27T14:10:00.468798","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
