{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1973009504","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ets2.12043","title":"The Log\u2010Linear Cognitive Diagnostic Model ( LCDM ) as a Special Case of the General Diagnostic Model ( GDM )","display_name":"The Log\u2010Linear Cognitive Diagnostic Model ( LCDM ) as a Special Case of the General Diagnostic Model ( GDM )","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1973009504","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ets2.12043","mag":"1973009504"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/ets2.12043","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ets2.12043","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ets2.12043","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ets2.12043","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764556220","display_name":"ETS Research Report Series","issn_l":"2330-8516","issn":["2330-8516"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ETS Research Report Series","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ets2.12043","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034746997","display_name":"Matthias von Davier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1298-9701","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1298-9701"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341030882","display_name":"Educational Testing Service","ror":"https://ror.org/03b5q4637","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matthias von Davier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Educational Testing Service , Princeton, NJ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Educational Testing Service , Princeton, NJ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034746997"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.7784,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92702581,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2014","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14025","display_name":"Educational Technology and Assessment","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dina-model","display_name":"DINA model","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compensatory-skills","display_name":"compensatory skills","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-equivalence","display_name":"model equivalence","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/q-matrix","display_name":"Q-matrix","score":0.3400000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/item-response-theory","display_name":"item response theory","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-diagnostic-assessment","display_name":"cognitive diagnostic assessment","score":0.3610000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51167844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4422623","display_name":"Latent variable","level":2,"score":0.5766364932060242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.56346195936203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.5446138381958008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5220379829406738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45311439037323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.43999993801116943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4309084117412567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19875794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207340","display_name":"Item response theory","level":3,"score":0.418149471282959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4152637720108032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2930949628353119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2863960564136505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.16767746210098267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.14987057447433472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.09650558233261108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/ets2.12043","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ets2.12043","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ets2.12043","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ets2.12043","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764556220","display_name":"ETS Research Report Series","issn_l":"2330-8516","issn":["2330-8516"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ETS Research Report Series","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/ets2.12043","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ets2.12043","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ets2.12043","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ets2.12043","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764556220","display_name":"ETS Research Report Series","issn_l":"2330-8516","issn":["2330-8516"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ETS Research Report Series","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1973009504.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1973009504.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1540164127","https://openalex.org/W1577795677","https://openalex.org/W1977311482","https://openalex.org/W1981903823","https://openalex.org/W1993245107","https://openalex.org/W1995644805","https://openalex.org/W1995884758","https://openalex.org/W2002374079","https://openalex.org/W2017166317","https://openalex.org/W2032062924","https://openalex.org/W2033585707","https://openalex.org/W2043690467","https://openalex.org/W2047570292","https://openalex.org/W2049542274","https://openalex.org/W2052638737","https://openalex.org/W2055682091","https://openalex.org/W2061802017","https://openalex.org/W2077401712","https://openalex.org/W2079933101","https://openalex.org/W2090330784","https://openalex.org/W2092670587","https://openalex.org/W2095247644","https://openalex.org/W2123923058","https://openalex.org/W2124533071","https://openalex.org/W2136658432","https://openalex.org/W2137013334","https://openalex.org/W2142635246","https://openalex.org/W2146855196","https://openalex.org/W2148415528","https://openalex.org/W2152343146","https://openalex.org/W2196232691","https://openalex.org/W2587509014","https://openalex.org/W2587697839","https://openalex.org/W2589451164","https://openalex.org/W2799202302","https://openalex.org/W4236554388","https://openalex.org/W4251257878"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2979738773","https://openalex.org/W2092670587","https://openalex.org/W2980221413","https://openalex.org/W2052638737","https://openalex.org/W2152343146","https://openalex.org/W1995644805","https://openalex.org/W2284800144","https://openalex.org/W2979666567","https://openalex.org/W2589001901","https://openalex.org/W2136658432"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Diagnostic":[0],"models":[1,91],"combine":[2],"multiple":[3,38,102],"binary":[4,126],"latent":[5,13,26],"variables":[6],"in":[7,31,42,123,143],"an":[8],"attempt":[9],"to":[10,68,80,167,184],"produce":[11],"a":[12,43,107,124,132,190,205],"structure":[14],"that":[15,37,97,112,149,189,198],"provides":[16],"more":[17,144],"information":[18],"about":[19],"test":[20],"takers'":[21],"performance":[22],"than":[23,145],"do":[24],"unidimensional":[25],"variable":[27],"models.":[28],"Recent":[29],"developments":[30],"diagnostic":[32,77,84],"modeling":[33],"emphasize":[34],"the":[35,47,63,69,74,81,113,137,150,168,185],"possibility":[36],"skills":[39,52,94,122],"may":[40,54,128],"interact":[41],"conjunctive":[44,64,93,115],"way":[45],"within":[46],"item":[48],"function,":[49,127],"while":[50],"individual":[51],"still":[53],"retain":[55],"separable":[56],"additive":[57],"effects.":[58],"This":[59,139],"extension":[60],"of":[61,101,136,208],"either":[62],"deterministic\u2010input\u2010noisy\u2010and":[65],"(DINA)":[66],"model":[67,78,85],"generalized":[70],"version":[71],"(G\u2010DINA)":[72],"or":[73],"compensatory/additive":[75],"general":[76],"(GDM)":[79],"log\u2010linear":[82],"cognitive":[83],"(LCDM)":[86],"is":[87],"aimed":[88],"at":[89],"integrating":[90],"with":[92],"and":[95,155,187],"those":[96],"assume":[98],"compensatory":[99,133,209],"functioning":[100],"skill":[103],"variables.":[104],"More":[105],"recently,":[106],"result":[108,183],"was":[109],"proven":[110],"mathematically":[111,165,191],"fully":[114],"DINA":[116,169],"model,":[117,170],"which":[118],"combines":[119],"all":[120],"required":[121],"single":[125],"be":[129,141,196],"recast":[130],"as":[131],"special":[134],"case":[135],"GDM.":[138],"can":[140,195],"accomplished":[142],"one":[146],"form":[147],"such":[148],"resulting":[151],"transformed":[152,206],"skill\u2010space":[153],"definitions":[154],"design":[156],"(Q)":[157],"matrices":[158],"are":[159],"different":[160],"from":[161],"each":[162],"other":[163],"but":[164],"equivalent":[166],"producing":[171],"identical":[172,200],"model\u2010based":[173],"response":[174],"probabilities.":[175],"In":[176],"this":[177,181],"report,":[178],"I":[179],"extend":[180],"equivalency":[182],"LCDM":[186],"show":[188],"equivalent,":[192],"constrained":[193],"GDM":[194],"defined":[197],"yields":[199],"parameter":[201],"estimates":[202],"based":[203],"on":[204],"set":[207],"skills.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}