{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1972969152","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1147363","title":"Ultrahigh resolution protein crystallography: Concanavalin A to 0.94 \u00c5 and beyond","display_name":"Ultrahigh resolution protein crystallography: Concanavalin A to 0.94 \u00c5 and beyond","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1972969152","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1147363","mag":"1972969152"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.1147363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1147363","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1147363","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S31010182","display_name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","issn_l":"0034-6748","issn":["0034-6748","1089-7623","1527-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078538865","display_name":"Ashley M. Deacon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. M. Deacon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, England"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090295479","display_name":"Thomas Gleichmann","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Gleichmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, England"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032871211","display_name":"S.J. Harrop","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1700-3369","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1700-3369"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. J. Harrop","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, England"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030965018","display_name":"John Richard Helliwell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0520-7540","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0520-7540"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. R. Helliwell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, England"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074845557","display_name":"A. Joseph Kalb","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53964585","display_name":"Weizmann Institute of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0316ej306","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53964585"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. J. Kalb (Gilboa)","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Weizmann Institute, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Weizmann Institute, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53964585"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081184965","display_name":"Joseph Yariv","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53964585","display_name":"Weizmann Institute of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0316ej306","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53964585"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Yariv","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Weizmann Institute, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Weizmann Institute, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53964585"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10998054,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"9","first_page":"3366","last_page":"3366"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11162","display_name":"Enzyme Structure and Function","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11162","display_name":"Enzyme Structure and Function","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11183","display_name":"Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12613","display_name":"X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concanavalin-a","display_name":"concanavalin A","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ccd-detector","display_name":"CCD detector","score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-plate-detector","display_name":"image plate detector","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipole-wiggler","display_name":"multipole wiggler","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insertion-devices","display_name":"insertion devices","score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchrotron-radiation","display_name":"synchrotron radiation","score":0.5550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffraction-data-collection","display_name":"diffraction data collection","score":0.46399998664855957}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.6439181566238403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.6321810483932495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.6219939589500427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781285689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21921428","display_name":"Crystal (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5275040864944458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153064111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1281033","display_name":"Protein crystallization","level":3,"score":0.5223799347877502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.504297137260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.5037223696708679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19869320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419277","display_name":"Concanavalin A","level":3,"score":0.46743670105934143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50515024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q826582","display_name":"X-ray crystallography","level":3,"score":0.460811585187912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203036418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q284256","display_name":"Crystallization","level":2,"score":0.4466978907585144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207114421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133900","display_name":"Diffraction","level":2,"score":0.4332694411277771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.429831326007843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.36618658900260925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8010536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398","display_name":"Crystallography","level":1,"score":0.3415484130382538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3166733980178833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.29036855697631836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.19695889949798584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.1147363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1147363","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1147363","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S31010182","display_name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","issn_l":"0034-6748","issn":["0034-6748","1089-7623","1527-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2118079337","https://openalex.org/W3186427255","https://openalex.org/W2474460135","https://openalex.org/W1505569029","https://openalex.org/W2032288049","https://openalex.org/W1975146740","https://openalex.org/W2151982416","https://openalex.org/W2030931488","https://openalex.org/W2323714764","https://openalex.org/W2095363663"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"years":[1],"ago":[2],"the":[3,57,69,86,147,186,193,203,208,211,217,223,240,252,265,268,282,300,306,312,315,330,334,338,352,401,408,417,430,451,458,476],"idea":[4],"of":[5,9,36,53,85,97,185,210,239,247,267,317,333,460,478],"collecting":[6],"voluminous":[7],"quantities":[8],"weak":[10,244],"reflection":[11],"intensities":[12],"from":[13,174],"a":[14,21,117,126,136,343,360,395],"protein":[15,91,99],"crystal,":[16],"at":[17,44,78,226,279,311,420],"high":[18,41,377],"resolution,":[19,77,413],"was":[20,188,271],"particular":[22],"challenge":[23],"[J.R.":[24],"Helliwell":[25],"(1979)":[26],"Daresbury":[27,253],"Study":[28],"Weekend":[29],"DL/SCI":[30],"R13,":[31],"pp.":[32],"1\u20136].":[33],"The":[34,182,236],"combination":[35],"insertion":[37],"devices":[38],"with":[39,192,243,281,394,466],"very":[40,326],"x-ray":[42,46,365],"fluxes":[43],"short":[45],"wavelengths,":[47],"sensitive":[48],"CCD":[49,150,187,218,269,283,402],"detectors,":[50,212],"and":[51,112,146,196,200,400,447,469],"freezing":[52],"crystals":[54,178],"have":[55,124,162,287],"provided":[56],"means":[58],"to":[59,101,169,290,294,337,376,410,416],"certainly":[60],"match":[61],"those":[62],"best":[63,72],"hopes.":[64],"So":[65],"much":[66,220],"so":[67],"that":[68,216,305],"data":[70,172,204,230,293,353,418],"can":[71,354,443],"be":[73,325,355,444],"described":[74],"as":[75,80,116],"ultrahigh":[76],"least":[79],"evidenced":[81],"in":[82,108,276,328,351,407,414,438,464],"our":[83,439],"studies":[84,442],"25000":[87],"molecular":[88,454],"weight":[89],"plant":[90],"concanavalin":[92,176,440],"A.":[93],"(The":[94],"intrinsic":[95],"property":[96],"this":[98,166],"is":[100,106,113,219,448],"bind":[102],"sugar":[103],"molecules;":[104],"it":[105],"implicated":[107],"cell-to-cell":[109],"recognition":[110],"processes":[111],"widely":[114],"used":[115,125,164,270],"laboratory":[118],"diagnostic":[119],"tool.)":[120],"At":[121],"CHESS":[122,280,391],"we":[123,286],"0.9":[127,322,421],"\u00c5":[128,296,323,370,397,412,422],"wavelength":[129,398,423],"beam":[130,399],"on":[131,165,284,390],"station":[132,392],"A1,":[133,285],"fed":[134],"by":[135,251,297,358],"24":[137],"pole":[138],"multipole":[139],"wiggler.":[140],"Both":[141],"an":[142,405],"imaging":[143],"plate":[144,195,225,242],"system":[145],"Princeton":[148],"1k":[149],"detector":[151,254,340,403],"[M.":[152],"Tate":[153],"et":[154,480],"al.,":[155],"J.":[156,258],"Appl.":[157],"Cryst.":[158],"28,":[159],"196":[160],"(1995)]":[161],"been":[163,249,288],"experimental":[167],"setup":[168],"collect":[170],"diffraction":[171,292,335,431],"sets":[173],"frozen":[175],"A":[177,441],"(saccharide-free":[179],"crystal":[180],"form).":[181],"rapid":[183],"readout":[184],"most":[189,452],"convenient":[190],"compared":[191],"image":[194,224,241],"its":[197],"associated":[198],"scanning":[199],"erasing.":[201],"Moreover":[202],"processing":[205],"results":[206],"towards":[207],"edges":[209],"0.98":[213],"\u00c5,":[214],"show":[215,404],"better":[221],"than":[222,321],"recording":[227],"these":[228],"weaker":[229],"(Rmerge(I)":[231],"13%":[232],"versus":[233,426],"44%,":[234],"respectively).":[235],"poor":[237],"performance":[238],"signals":[245],"has":[246],"course":[248],"documented":[250],"group":[255],"[R.":[256],"Lewis,":[257],"Synchrotron":[259],"Radiation":[260],"1,":[261],"43":[262],"(1994)].":[263],"However,":[264],"aperture":[266],"limiting":[272],"here.":[273],"Very":[274],"recently,":[275],"another":[277],"run":[278],"able":[289],"record":[291],"0.94":[295],"further":[298,445],"offsetting":[299],"detector.":[301],"We":[302],"again":[303],"found":[304],"reflections":[307],"are":[308,372],"still":[309],"strong":[310],"edge.":[313],"Clearly":[314],"use":[316],"even":[318],"shorter":[319],"wavelengths":[320],"would":[324],"useful":[327],"matching":[329],"solid":[331],"angle":[332],"pattern":[336],"available":[339],"aperture,":[341],"for":[342,450],"reasonable":[344],"crystal-to-detector":[345],"distance.":[346],"In":[347,428],"addition,":[348],"absorption":[349],"errors":[350],"simultaneously":[356],"removed":[357],"such":[359],"strategy.":[361],"Indeed,":[362],"finely":[363],"focused":[364],"beams":[366],"of,":[367],"say":[368],"0.5":[369,396],"wavelength,":[371],"especially":[373],"well":[374],"suited":[375],"energy,":[378],"low":[379],"emittance":[380],"synchrotron":[381],"radition":[382],"(SR)":[383],"machines.":[384],"Some":[385],"initial":[386],"tests":[387],"carried":[388],"out":[389],"F2":[393],"improvement":[406],"R-merge(I)":[409],"2":[411],"comparison":[415],"collected":[419],"(i.e.,":[424],"2.3%":[425],"3.0%).":[427],"conclusion,":[429],"resolution":[432],"limit":[433],"(0.94":[434],"\u00c5)":[435],"seen":[436],"already":[437],"enhanced":[446],"important":[449],"detailed":[453],"model":[455],"refinement":[456],"(and":[457],"testing":[459],"structure":[461],"solving":[462],"strategies),":[463],"conjunction":[465],"novel":[467],"spectroscopic":[468],"theoretical":[470],"studies.":[471],"This":[472],"paper":[473],"builds":[474],"upon":[475],"work":[477],"Deacon":[479],"al.":[481],"[Rev.":[482],"Sci.":[483],"Instrum.":[484],"66,":[485],"1287":[486],"(1995)].":[487]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
