{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1972804485","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002435","title":"A Transnational World Fractured but Not Forgotten: British West Indian Migration to the Colombian Islands of San Andr\u00e9s and Providence","display_name":"A Transnational World Fractured but Not Forgotten: British West Indian Migration to the Colombian Islands of San Andr\u00e9s and Providence","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1972804485","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002435","mag":"1972804485"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1163/13822373-90002435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002435","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002435","pdf_url":"https://brill.com/downloadpdf/journals/nwig/85/1-2/article-p31_2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1020997206","display_name":"New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids","issn_l":"1382-2373","issn":["1382-2373","2213-4360"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["ddh","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320561","host_organization_name":"Brill","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320561","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Brill","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://brill.com/downloadpdf/journals/nwig/85/1-2/article-p31_2.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022762786","display_name":"Sharika D. Crawford","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0422-3781","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0422-3781"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sharika Crawford","raw_affiliation_strings":["1. scrawford@usna.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1. scrawford@usna.edu","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022762786"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":33.0341,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99298279,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"85","issue":"1-2","first_page":"31","last_page":"52"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13222","display_name":"Caribbean history, culture, and politics","score":0.4368000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13222","display_name":"Caribbean history, culture, and politics","score":0.4368000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11648","display_name":"Diaspora, migration, transnational identity","score":0.3488999903202057,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13868","display_name":"Afro-Latin American Studies","score":0.08609999716281891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caribbean-diaspora","display_name":"Caribbean diaspora","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transnational-migration","display_name":"transnational migration","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/migration-history","display_name":"migration history","score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/19th-century","display_name":"19th century","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-20th-century","display_name":"early 20th century","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-fruit-company","display_name":"United Fruit Company","score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/panama-canal","display_name":"Panama Canal","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-migration","display_name":"labor migration","score":0.39100000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204207459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33837","display_name":"Archipelago","level":2,"score":0.8279863595962524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994072421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6784066","display_name":"Mass migration","level":3,"score":0.6583486199378967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4244716465473175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.4159790277481079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6303427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47398","display_name":"Economic history","level":1,"score":0.40021517872810364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.3450811505317688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.31294816732406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70036468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131288","display_name":"Immigration","level":2,"score":0.270250529050827}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1163/13822373-90002435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002435","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002435","pdf_url":"https://brill.com/downloadpdf/journals/nwig/85/1-2/article-p31_2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1020997206","display_name":"New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids","issn_l":"1382-2373","issn":["1382-2373","2213-4360"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["ddh","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320561","host_organization_name":"Brill","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320561","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Brill","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:89c377937f4c4010b28267a7202f71b4","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/89c377937f4c4010b28267a7202f71b4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"NWIG, Vol 85, Iss 1&2, Pp 31-52 (2011)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1163/13822373-90002435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002435","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002435","pdf_url":"https://brill.com/downloadpdf/journals/nwig/85/1-2/article-p31_2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1020997206","display_name":"New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids","issn_l":"1382-2373","issn":["1382-2373","2213-4360"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["ddh","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320561","host_organization_name":"Brill","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320561","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Brill","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.5400000214576721}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1972804485.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1972804485.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W100570240","https://openalex.org/W585377532","https://openalex.org/W597643560","https://openalex.org/W627735647","https://openalex.org/W1964562890","https://openalex.org/W2013017945","https://openalex.org/W2016064270","https://openalex.org/W2072607408","https://openalex.org/W2080152336","https://openalex.org/W2290899862","https://openalex.org/W2315672702","https://openalex.org/W2321367392","https://openalex.org/W2894663713","https://openalex.org/W4252877597","https://openalex.org/W4300609196","https://openalex.org/W6600017898","https://openalex.org/W6603587222"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2085679979","https://openalex.org/W2562218095","https://openalex.org/W2264746491","https://openalex.org/W4238501709","https://openalex.org/W351137914","https://openalex.org/W2991155459","https://openalex.org/W2322045962","https://openalex.org/W2793608190","https://openalex.org/W4210427295","https://openalex.org/W4390317036"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"examines":[2],"British":[3],"West":[4,48,67,97],"Indian":[5,49,68,98],"migration":[6,69],"to":[7,20,73,100],"the":[8,17,25,64,74,87],"Colombian":[9],"archipelago":[10],"of":[11,66,89],"San":[12,57,101],"Andr\u00e9s":[13,58,102],"and":[14,35,59,80,82,103],"Providence":[15,104],"in":[16,33,38],"late":[18],"nineteenth":[19],"early":[21],"twentieth":[22],"century.":[23],"While":[24],"United":[26],"Fruit":[27],"plantations,":[28],"Panama":[29],"Canal,":[30],"oil":[31],"fields":[32],"Venezuela,":[34],"railroad":[36],"projects":[37],"Central":[39],"America":[40],"generated":[41],"a":[42,46,62],"strong":[43],"demand":[44],"for":[45],"large":[47],"workforce,":[50],"no":[51],"such":[52],"development":[53],"took":[54],"place":[55],"on":[56],"Providence.":[60],"As":[61],"result,":[63],"profile":[65],"looks":[70],"different":[71],"than":[72],"Spanish-speaking":[75],"circum-Caribbean,":[76],"with":[77],"more":[78],"professionals":[79],"merchants":[81],"fewer":[83],"unskilled":[84],"laborers.":[85],"In":[86],"absence":[88],"mass":[90],"migration,":[91],"there":[92],"was":[93],"less":[94],"hostility":[95],"toward":[96],"newcomers":[99],"islands.":[105]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-25T09:29:13.331239","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}