{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1972561086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/21.31028","title":"An aggregate model of project-oriented production","display_name":"An aggregate model of project-oriented production","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1972561086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/21.31028","mag":"1972561086"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/21.31028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/21.31028","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/21.31028","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S76152103","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics","issn_l":"0018-9472","issn":["0018-9472","2168-2909"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023551604","display_name":"Steven T. Hackman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.T. Hackman","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086274489","display_name":"Robert C. Leachman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.C. Leachman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3564,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86613616,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"2","first_page":"220","last_page":"231"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12177","display_name":"Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12177","display_name":"Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12709","display_name":"Optimization and Mathematical Programming","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10551","display_name":"Scheduling and Optimization Algorithms","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precedence-constraints","display_name":"precedence constraints","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-constraints","display_name":"resource constraints","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skilled-workers","display_name":"skilled workers","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-constraints","display_name":"hardware constraints","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-time-models","display_name":"continuous-time models","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-programming","display_name":"linear programming","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/production-scheduling","display_name":"production scheduling","score":0.44699999690055847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4679612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866298","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","level":2,"score":0.7632680535316467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120060458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10145","display_name":"Milestone","level":2,"score":0.7235258221626282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6264870762825012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6060115098953247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167729594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17736","display_name":"Axiom","level":2,"score":0.5882990956306458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.55220627784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5350989103317261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.4877517819404602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.45240455865859985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15952604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179012","display_name":"Project management","level":2,"score":0.43357110023498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.26976874470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20927011966705322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15331032872200012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.11773520708084106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.11131066083908081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.06751006841659546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/21.31028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/21.31028","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/21.31028","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S76152103","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics","issn_l":"0018-9472","issn":["0018-9472","2168-2909"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W237312079","https://openalex.org/W271684463","https://openalex.org/W563644250","https://openalex.org/W1510375950","https://openalex.org/W1968663733","https://openalex.org/W1975399606","https://openalex.org/W2011039300","https://openalex.org/W2046758502","https://openalex.org/W2068616350"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6996059356","https://openalex.org/W338857222","https://openalex.org/W7005519192","https://openalex.org/W4394789815","https://openalex.org/W2136665519","https://openalex.org/W7148716450","https://openalex.org/W4404102336","https://openalex.org/W2883740529","https://openalex.org/W7099776236","https://openalex.org/W7114311727"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"production":[1],"system":[2],"is":[3,89],"studied":[4],"in":[5],"which":[6,40,47],"thousands":[7],"of":[8,33,39,78,81,85,94,108],"activities":[9],"are":[10,49,63],"carried":[11],"out":[12],"concurrently":[13],"subject":[14],"to":[15,111],"precedence":[16],"constraints":[17],"and":[18,26,45,71,104],"limitations":[19],"on":[20],"resources":[21,48],"such":[22],"as":[23],"skilled":[24],"labor":[25],"equipment.":[27],"Ideally,":[28],"management":[29],"proposes":[30],"a":[31,75,92],"set":[32,93],"milestone":[34],"dates,":[35],"obtains":[36],"an":[37,82],"analysis":[38],"milestones":[41,58],"cannot":[42],"be":[43,101],"met,":[44],"determines":[46],"underused":[50],"or":[51],"overused.":[52],"This":[53,97],"process":[54],"continues":[55],"interactively":[56],"until":[57],"consistent":[59],"with":[60],"management's":[61],"objectives":[62],"obtained.":[64],"The":[65,87],"authors":[66],"derive,":[67],"from":[68],"elementary":[69],"principles":[70],"basic":[72],"assumptions":[73],"(axioms),":[74],"continuous-time":[76],"model":[77,88],"project":[79],"execution":[80],"aggregate":[83],"level":[84],"detail.":[86],"approximated":[90],"using":[91],"linear":[95,109],"inequalities.":[96],"data":[98],"structure":[99],"can":[100],"manipulated":[102],"easily":[103],"quickly":[105],"by":[106],"methods":[107],"programming":[110],"perform":[112],"the":[113],"required":[114],"analysis.>":[115]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}