{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1972535339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-939-9_2","title":"Discrimination on Grounds of Nationality in Sport","display_name":"Discrimination on Grounds of Nationality in Sport","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-12-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1972535339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-939-9_2","mag":"1972535339"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-90-6704-939-9_2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-939-9_2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-939-9_2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210198375","display_name":"ASSER international sports law series","issn_l":"1874-6926","issn":["1874-6926","2215-003X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ASSER International Sports Law Series","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4238551046","display_name":"European Sports Law"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065487609","display_name":"Stephen Weatherill","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Weatherill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Somerville College, Oxford, UK","Somerville College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Somerville College, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Somerville College","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065487609"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":20.4701,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98975245,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"21","last_page":"62"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13170","display_name":"Discrimination and Equality Law","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13170","display_name":"Discrimination and Equality Law","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13088","display_name":"Legal and Labor Studies","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1410","display_name":"Industrial relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13710","display_name":"European and International Law Studies","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nationality-discrimination","display_name":"nationality discrimination","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrimination-in-sport","display_name":"discrimination in sport","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/football-clubs","display_name":"football clubs","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-nationals","display_name":"non-nationals","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/private-employers","display_name":"private employers","score":0.47999998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-unions","display_name":"trade unions","score":0.5189999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/professional-associations","display_name":"professional associations","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treaty-of-rome","display_name":"Treaty of Rome","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/article-48","display_name":"Article 48","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-community-law","display_name":"European Community law","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-courts","display_name":"national courts","score":0.4699999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777138209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q231002","display_name":"Nationality","level":3,"score":0.9314297437667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778444522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1081491","display_name":"Football","level":2,"score":0.7575392723083496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779010840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131569","display_name":"Treaty","level":2,"score":0.5646818280220032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5612155199050903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5564678311347961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.4465067386627197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.33220672607421875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3241695761680603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70036468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131288","display_name":"Immigration","level":2,"score":0.1914748251438141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-90-6704-939-9_2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-939-9_2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-939-9_2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210198375","display_name":"ASSER international sports law series","issn_l":"1874-6926","issn":["1874-6926","2215-003X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ASSER International Sports Law Series","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7307999730110168,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7099999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W603066699","https://openalex.org/W1592652494","https://openalex.org/W1601798553","https://openalex.org/W1990034409","https://openalex.org/W2083084366","https://openalex.org/W2092844018","https://openalex.org/W2101047071","https://openalex.org/W2154189898","https://openalex.org/W2203877157","https://openalex.org/W2319247057","https://openalex.org/W2396004180","https://openalex.org/W2505378253","https://openalex.org/W3000537043","https://openalex.org/W3106690858","https://openalex.org/W4234025335","https://openalex.org/W4238069414","https://openalex.org/W4238691463","https://openalex.org/W4242331707","https://openalex.org/W4243526855","https://openalex.org/W4247473811","https://openalex.org/W4253569917","https://openalex.org/W4381892189"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501341652","https://openalex.org/W2363303436","https://openalex.org/W7220123122","https://openalex.org/W2906013580","https://openalex.org/W6992429343","https://openalex.org/W35590135","https://openalex.org/W1488474425","https://openalex.org/W7021100878","https://openalex.org/W299691201","https://openalex.org/W3175165559"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,166],"paper":[1],"is":[2,31,49,95,110,168],"concerned":[3],"with":[4],"labour":[5],"practices":[6],"which":[7,15,66,86,115],"are":[8,16,120],"discriminatory":[9,64,130],"on":[10,135],"grounds":[11],"of":[12,29,44,104,107,147,150],"nationality":[13],"and":[14,59,102,161,170],"put":[17],"into":[18],"effect":[19],"by":[20,37,70,122,159,163],"private":[21,71],"employers.":[22],"The":[23,83],"example":[24],"chosen":[25],"for":[26],"the":[27,32,45,52,96,105,113,123,129,164,171,177],"purposes":[28],"analysis":[30],"discrimination":[33],"against":[34],"non-nationals":[35],"practised":[36],"football":[38,58],"clubs":[39],"in":[40,92],"most":[41,90],"Member":[42],"States":[43],"Community,":[46],"but":[47],"it":[48],"suggested":[50,111],"that":[51,112,125],"problem":[53],"under":[54],"investigation":[55],"extends":[56],"beyond":[57,61],"indeed":[60],"sport,":[62],"to":[63,88,127],"preferences":[65],"may":[67,132,173],"be":[68,133,174],"exercised":[69],"bodies":[72],"such":[73],"as":[74,176],"trade":[75],"unions,":[76],"professional":[77],"bodies,":[78],"employers,":[79],"or":[80],"employers\u2019":[81],"associations.":[82],"legal":[84],"issue":[85],"appears":[87],"pose":[89],"difficulty":[91],"this":[93],"area":[94],"potential":[97],"overlap":[98],"between":[99,117],"Articles":[100],"48":[101],"85\u201386":[103],"Treaty":[106],"Rome.":[108],"It":[109],"discrepancies":[114],"exist":[116],"these":[118],"provisions":[119],"accentuated":[121],"possibility":[124],"action":[126],"combat":[128],"rules":[131],"taken":[134],"two":[136],"levels,":[137],"at":[138,142],"Community":[139],"level":[140],"and/or":[141],"national":[143,148,153],"level,":[144],"making":[145],"use":[146],"systems":[149],"remedies":[151],"before":[152],"courts.":[154],"These":[155],"keywords":[156,172],"were":[157],"added":[158],"machine":[160],"not":[162],"authors.":[165],"process":[167],"experimental":[169],"updated":[175],"learning":[178],"algorithm":[179],"improves.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-13T10:08:12.033832","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}