{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1972520173","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/340379","title":"The Origin of X-Ray Emission from a Galactic Center Molecular Cloud: Low-Energy Cosmic-Ray Electrons","display_name":"The Origin of X-Ray Emission from a Galactic Center Molecular Cloud: Low-Energy Cosmic-Ray Electrons","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1972520173","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/340379","mag":"1972520173"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1086/340379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/340379","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/340379","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/340379/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1980519","display_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","issn_l":"0004-637X","issn":["0004-637X","1538-4357"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/340379/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"F. Yusef-Zadeh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Yusef-Zadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dearborn Observatory, Room 9C, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dearborn Observatory, Room 9C, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070168453","display_name":"Casey J. Law","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4119-9963","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4119-9963"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124175","display_name":"Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian","ror":"https://ror.org/03c3r2d17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103187081","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210124175"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Law","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124175"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"M. Wardle","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Wardle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Special Research Centre for Theoretical Astrophysics, School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Special Research Centre for Theoretical Astrophysics, School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4499,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4499},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3621,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":78,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88643261,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"568","issue":"2","first_page":"L121","last_page":"L125"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10818","display_name":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","score":0.7836999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10818","display_name":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","score":0.7836999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10744","display_name":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","score":0.20630000531673431,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10477","display_name":"Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies","score":0.0026000000070780516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galactic-center","display_name":"Galactic Center","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-clouds","display_name":"molecular clouds","score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-arc","display_name":"radio arcs","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonthermal-filaments","display_name":"nonthermal filaments","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/x-ray-emission","display_name":"X-ray emission","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bremsstrahlung","display_name":"bremsstrahlung","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffuse-x-ray-emission","display_name":"diffuse X-ray emission","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galactic-ridge-x-ray-emission","display_name":"Galactic ridge X-ray emission","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gamma-ray-sources","display_name":"gamma-ray sources","score":0.4269999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.9323999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.7851999998092651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81302155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655904","display_name":"Bremsstrahlung","level":3,"score":0.6877999901771545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86021447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272447","display_name":"Molecular cloud","level":3,"score":0.6596999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132552067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q649112","display_name":"Galactic Center","level":3,"score":0.6546000242233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14228908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920483","display_name":"Protein filament","level":2,"score":0.5608000159263611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198291218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190382","display_name":"Ionization","level":3,"score":0.5242999792098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.5023000240325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111309251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11547","display_name":"Cosmic ray","level":2,"score":0.4442000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.4235999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.3937999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.38940000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96141758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216817","display_name":"Emission spectrum","level":3,"score":0.35569998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153385146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18335","display_name":"Radiation","level":2,"score":0.3260999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778042268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11282","display_name":"H II region","level":4,"score":0.3248000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196939603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41872","display_name":"Interstellar medium","level":3,"score":0.30720001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22175881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7201785","display_name":"Electron temperature","level":3,"score":0.3066999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110363677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4360","display_name":"Pulsar","level":2,"score":0.30399999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135889238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46276","display_name":"Kinetic energy","level":2,"score":0.29910001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53802167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4538627","display_name":"Brightness temperature","level":3,"score":0.26969999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779463800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062222","display_name":"Center (category theory)","level":2,"score":0.2685999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31406616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932483","display_name":"Forbidden mechanism","level":4,"score":0.2667999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43481613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46587","display_name":"Active galactic nucleus","level":3,"score":0.2612999975681305}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1086/340379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/340379","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/340379","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/340379/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1980519","display_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","issn_l":"0004-637X","issn":["0004-637X","1538-4357"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:astro-ph/0202442","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0202442","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0202442","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cds.cern.ch:539471","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://cds.cern.ch/record/539471","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402195","display_name":"CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0202442","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0202442","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0202442","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1086/340379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/340379","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/340379","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/340379/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1980519","display_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","issn_l":"0004-637X","issn":["0004-637X","1538-4357"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1972520173.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1972520173.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970131109","https://openalex.org/W1973362919","https://openalex.org/W2012531179","https://openalex.org/W2017318553","https://openalex.org/W2018773775","https://openalex.org/W2024451778","https://openalex.org/W2026552946","https://openalex.org/W2032372224","https://openalex.org/W2032817371","https://openalex.org/W2034937893","https://openalex.org/W2061575248","https://openalex.org/W2064355226","https://openalex.org/W2066937017","https://openalex.org/W2076783262","https://openalex.org/W2098787786","https://openalex.org/W2101781555","https://openalex.org/W2107510312","https://openalex.org/W2124572456","https://openalex.org/W2164770810"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2135671173","https://openalex.org/W1979081980","https://openalex.org/W202068279","https://openalex.org/W2023942555","https://openalex.org/W7075652678","https://openalex.org/W7099666234","https://openalex.org/W2054498796","https://openalex.org/W7098589739","https://openalex.org/W2060747629","https://openalex.org/W156523514"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,51,96,189,244],"Galactic":[1,185,199,223],"center":[2,200],"region":[3,30],"near":[4],"l":[5],"\u2248":[6],"0":[7],"2":[8],"hosts":[9],"a":[10,146,206,216,248],"mixture":[11],"of":[12,28,41,58,91,145,183,242,250,256],"nonthermal":[13,60,88],"linear":[14],"filaments":[15,62,90],"and":[16,35,46,63,86,106,113,121,165,173],"thermal":[17,116,124],"radio":[18,24,61,89],"continuum":[19,162],"features":[20],"associated":[21],"with":[22,38,102,177],"the":[23,56,59,64,82,87,92,103,135,142,160,171,174,178,181,184,222,239,253,257],"arc.":[25],"Chandra":[26],"observations":[27,79],"this":[29],"reveal":[31],"an":[32,39,71],"X-ray":[33,52,98,187,219],"filament":[34,53,172],"diffuse":[36,97,175],"emission":[37,99,117,130,169,195,213],"extent":[40],"roughly":[42],"60''":[43],"\u00d7":[44,48],"2''":[45],"5'":[47],"3',":[49],"respectively.":[50],"lies":[54],"at":[55],"edge":[57],"dense":[65],"molecular":[66,84,104,136],"shell":[67,105],"G0.13-0.13":[68,83],"that":[69,81,155],"has":[70],"unusually":[72],"high":[73,240],"kinetic":[74],"temperature":[75,241],"\u226570":[76],"K.":[77],"These":[78],"demonstrate":[80],"cloud":[85,139,176],"arc":[93],"are":[94,235],"interacting.":[95],"is":[100,107,131,247],"correlated":[101],"fitted":[108],"either":[109],"by":[110,119,163,215,228,231,252],"two-temperature":[111],"(1":[112],"10":[114],"keV)":[115],"or":[118],"power-law":[120,161],"1":[122],"keV":[123,128,167,192],"gas.":[125],"Fluorescent":[126],"6.4":[127,166,191],"line":[129,168,194],"also":[132,236],"detected":[133],"throughout":[134],"shell.":[137],"This":[138],"coincides":[140],"within":[141],"error":[143],"circle":[144],"steady":[147],"unidentified":[148],"EGRET":[149],"source,":[150],"3EG":[151],"J1746-2851.":[152],"We":[153],"argue":[154],"low-energy":[156,232],"cosmic-ray":[157,233],"electrons":[158,234],"produce":[159],"bremsstrahlung":[164,251],"from":[170,197],"implication":[179],"on":[180],"origin":[182],"ridge":[186],"emission.":[188],"strong":[190],"Fe":[193],"seen":[196],"other":[198],"clouds":[201],"could":[202],"be":[203],"produced":[204],"in":[205,221],"similar":[207],"fashion":[208],"rather":[209],"than":[210],"via":[211],"fluorescent":[212],"induced":[214,230],"transient":[217],"hard":[218],"source":[220,246],"center.":[224],"In":[225],"addition,":[226],"heating":[227],"ionization":[229],"responsible":[237],"for":[238],"G0.13-0.13.":[243],"gamma-ray":[245],"result":[249],"high-energy":[254],"tail":[255],"electron":[258],"energy":[259],"distribution.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
