{"id":"https://openalex.org/W19724885","doi":null,"title":"Declining world fertility: trends, causes, implications.","display_name":"Declining world fertility: trends, causes, implications.","publication_year":1978,"publication_date":"1978-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W19724885","mag":"19724885","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12278135"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:12278135","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12278135","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Population bulletin","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072836002","display_name":"AMY ONG TSUI","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9158-0503","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9158-0503"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A O Tsui","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023026674","display_name":"Donald J. Bogue","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D J Bogue","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.0523,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":67,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99038119,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"4","first_page":"2","last_page":"56"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12728","display_name":"Demographic Trends and Gender Preferences","score":0.6675000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12728","display_name":"Demographic Trends and Gender Preferences","score":0.6675000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10600","display_name":"Reproductive Health and Contraception","score":0.2797999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12011","display_name":"Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management","score":0.026200000196695328,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fertility-decline","display_name":"fertility decline","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-fertility-rate","display_name":"total fertility rate","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developing-countries","display_name":"developing countries","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-planning-programs","display_name":"family planning programs","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-growth-projection","display_name":"population growth projection","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/replacement-level-fertility","display_name":"replacement-level fertility","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-population-trends","display_name":"global population trends","score":0.40700000524520874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518429986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q964401","display_name":"Fertility","level":3,"score":0.8322612643241882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97917381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598949","display_name":"Sub-replacement fertility","level":5,"score":0.7651718854904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47122089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285897","display_name":"Total fertility rate","level":5,"score":0.6665629148483276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77352025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386191","display_name":"Population growth","level":3,"score":0.5944424867630005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5848246812820435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115807285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7229810","display_name":"Population momentum","level":5,"score":0.49499815702438354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52130261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39825","display_name":"Census","level":3,"score":0.4930839240550995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83864248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Developing country","level":2,"score":0.4833938181400299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37512671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203516","display_name":"Birth rate","level":4,"score":0.4674347937107086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779076696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1280670","display_name":"Family planning","level":4,"score":0.45894140005111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.44950827956199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49388559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7249459","display_name":"Projections of population growth","level":4,"score":0.4472808837890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C543383583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11188","display_name":"World population","level":3,"score":0.4369059205055237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160050368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132453","display_name":"Developed country","level":3,"score":0.43045151233673096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.4138067662715912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.39457225799560547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.32181355357170105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.300500750541687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986817661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185698","display_name":"Research methodology","level":3,"score":0.12140229344367981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.09914416074752808}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000349","descriptor_name":"Africa","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001208","descriptor_name":"Asia","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001210","descriptor_name":"Asia, Southeastern","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001211","descriptor_name":"Asia, Western","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001723","descriptor_name":"Birth Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002489","descriptor_name":"Central America","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003710","descriptor_name":"Demography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003906","descriptor_name":"Developing Countries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004467","descriptor_name":"Economics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005060","descriptor_name":"Europe","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005061","descriptor_name":"Europe, Eastern","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005069","descriptor_name":"Evaluation Studies as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005193","descriptor_name":"Family Planning Services","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005298","descriptor_name":"Fertility","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006285","descriptor_name":"Health Planning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007843","descriptor_name":"Latin America","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009656","descriptor_name":"North America","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010139","descriptor_name":"Pacific Islands","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010342","descriptor_name":"Patient Acceptance of Health Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011153","descriptor_name":"Population","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011155","descriptor_name":"Population Control","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011157","descriptor_name":"Population Dynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011158","descriptor_name":"Population Growth","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012106","descriptor_name":"Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012959","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013020","descriptor_name":"South America","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013223","descriptor_name":"Statistics as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014586","descriptor_name":"USSR","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015397","descriptor_name":"Program Evaluation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017584","descriptor_name":"Reproductive History","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017691","descriptor_name":"Caribbean Region","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:12278135","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12278135","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Population bulletin","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:19724885","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12278135","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.428600013256073}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2279573666","https://openalex.org/W4299682838","https://openalex.org/W4299328045","https://openalex.org/W4254659302","https://openalex.org/W2170241301","https://openalex.org/W1550572803","https://openalex.org/W2317545738","https://openalex.org/W2001761761","https://openalex.org/W2215963904","https://openalex.org/W2308568343"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"Bulletin":[1],"examines":[2],"the":[3,6,14,22,25,34,37,40,52,54,61,90,108,129,153,156,160,164,169,176,182,252,256],"evidence":[4],"that":[5,16,60,107,133,228,249],"world's":[7,62,177],"fertility":[8,28,64,91,130,202],"has":[9],"declined":[10],"in":[11,89,114,181,198],"recent":[12],"years,":[13],"factors":[15],"appear":[17],"to":[18,33,69,80,121,149,261],"have":[19],"accounted":[20],"for":[21,27,48,123],"decline,":[23],"and":[24,29,76,83,86,132,159,204],"implications":[26],"population":[30,178,188],"growth":[31,189],"rates":[32],"end":[35],"of":[36,42,45,51,92,103,128,163,175,186,201,206,223,251,255],"century.":[38],"On":[39],"basis":[41],"a":[43,126,139,199,235],"compilation":[44],"estimates":[46,57],"available":[47,104],"all":[49,250],"nations":[50,254],"world,":[53],"authors":[55,226],"derive":[56],"which":[58,146],"indicate":[59,166],"total":[63],"rate":[65],"dropped":[66],"from":[67,152],"4.6":[68],"4.1":[70],"births":[71],"per":[72],"woman":[73],"between":[74],"1968":[75],"1975,":[77],"thanks":[78],"largely":[79],"an":[81],"earlier":[82],"more":[84,124,192],"rapid":[85],"universal":[87],"decline":[88,131],"less":[93,172],"developed":[94,213,253],"countries":[95,214],"(LDCs)":[96],"than":[97,125,173],"had":[98],"been":[99],"anticipated.":[100],"Statistical":[101],"analysis":[102],"data":[105],"suggests":[106],"socioeconomic":[109],"progress":[110],"made":[111],"by":[112,168],"LDCs":[113,195],"this":[115,262],"period":[116],"was":[117],"not":[118],"great":[119],"enough":[120],"account":[122],"proportion":[127],"organized":[134],"family":[135,241],"planning":[136,242],"programs":[137],"were":[138],"major":[140],"contributing":[141],"factor.":[142],"The":[143,225],"authors'":[144],"projections,":[145],"are":[147],"compared":[148],"similar":[150],"projections":[151],"World":[154],"Bank,":[155],"United":[157],"Nations,":[158],"U.S.":[161],"Bureau":[162],"Census,":[165],"that,":[167],"year":[170],"2000,":[171],"1/5":[174],"will":[179,196,216],"be":[180,197,217],"\"red":[183],"danger\"":[184],"circle":[185],"explosive":[187],"(2.1%":[190],"or":[191,219],"annually);":[193],"most":[194,211],"phase":[200],"decline;":[203],"many":[205],"them":[207],"--":[208,215,238],"along":[209],"with":[210],"now":[212],"at":[218],"near":[220],"replacement":[221],"level":[222],"fertility.":[224],"warn":[227],"\"our":[229],"optimistic":[230],"prediction":[231],"is":[232],"premised":[233],"upon":[234],"big":[236],"IF":[237],"if":[239],"(organized)":[240],"(in":[243],"LDCs)":[244],"continues.":[245],"It":[246],"remains":[247],"imperative":[248],"world":[257],"continue":[258],"their":[259],"contribution":[260],"program":[263],"undiminished.\"":[264]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
