{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1972268296","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.90.5.2078","title":"Coherent 40-Hz oscillation characterizes dream state in humans.","display_name":"Coherent 40-Hz oscillation characterizes dream state in humans.","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1972268296","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.90.5.2078","mag":"1972268296","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8446632","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/46024"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.90.5.2078","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.90.5.2078","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.90.5.2078","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC46024","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010754920","display_name":"Rafael H. Llinas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9161-2699","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9161-2699"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086933","display_name":"NYU Langone Health","ror":"https://ror.org/005dvqh91","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086933"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Llin\u00e1s","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiology and Biophysics, New York University Medical Center, NY 10016"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, New York University Medical Center, NY 10016","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086933","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057631988","display_name":"Urs Ribary","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1182-8052","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1182-8052"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086933","display_name":"NYU Langone Health","ror":"https://ror.org/005dvqh91","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086933"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"U Ribary","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiology and Biophysics, New York University Medical Center, NY 10016"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, New York University Medical Center, NY 10016","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086933","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":25.4047,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":976,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99830447,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"90","issue":"5","first_page":"2078","last_page":"2081"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9258000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9258000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10985","display_name":"Sleep and Wakefulness Research","score":0.07029999792575836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11079","display_name":"Creativity in Education and Neuroscience","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/40-hz-oscillations","display_name":"40 Hz oscillations","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rem-sleep","display_name":"REM sleep","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delta-sleep","display_name":"delta sleep","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dream-states","display_name":"dream states","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-binding","display_name":"temporal binding","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-coherence","display_name":"brain coherence","score":0.3199999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779320081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246710","display_name":"Wakefulness","level":3,"score":0.700284481048584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778439541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7106412","display_name":"Oscillation (cell signaling)","level":2,"score":0.6506190299987793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775841894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4683692","display_name":"Sleep (system call)","level":2,"score":0.6046528816223145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20566671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1752878","display_name":"Non-rapid eye movement sleep","level":3,"score":0.5702182054519653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112144039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4994651","display_name":"K-complex","level":4,"score":0.5606933832168579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.5593631267547607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.5461975932121277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143647101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2738302","display_name":"Sleep spindle","level":4,"score":0.5357789993286133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110539466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3964845","display_name":"Slow-wave sleep","level":3,"score":0.5070109367370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153050134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760256","display_name":"Eye movement","level":2,"score":0.4907151460647583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779213384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211402","display_name":"Rapid eye movement sleep","level":3,"score":0.4769245982170105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.46145403385162354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.45788514614105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.4533277750015259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207743973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623205","display_name":"Delta wave","level":4,"score":0.44412893056869507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781095916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36348","display_name":"Dream","level":2,"score":0.43712812662124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.4312632381916046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46141821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402","display_name":"Nuclear magnetic resonance","level":1,"score":0.3705233931541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.23721110820770264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.16401004791259766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.10841485857963562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004325","descriptor_name":"Dreams","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008280","descriptor_name":"Magnetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012890","descriptor_name":"Sleep","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012895","descriptor_name":"Sleep, REM","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014851","descriptor_name":"Wakefulness","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.90.5.2078","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.90.5.2078","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.90.5.2078","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:242746","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC46024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:46024","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/46024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:8446632","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8446632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2184493422","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rodolfo_Llinas3/publication/14751943_Coherent_40-Hz_oscillation_characterizes_dream_state_in_humans/links/09e4150f942773f22a000000.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:242746","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC46024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1821977603","https://openalex.org/W1964491812","https://openalex.org/W1985496076","https://openalex.org/W1987211298","https://openalex.org/W1998620428","https://openalex.org/W2018789749","https://openalex.org/W2057213277","https://openalex.org/W2068084982","https://openalex.org/W2072574332","https://openalex.org/W2075943974","https://openalex.org/W2083113378","https://openalex.org/W2085319761","https://openalex.org/W2085497225","https://openalex.org/W2088795912","https://openalex.org/W2093260419","https://openalex.org/W2112493271","https://openalex.org/W2153134014","https://openalex.org/W2418257774","https://openalex.org/W2425551466"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2184493422","https://openalex.org/W1461833339","https://openalex.org/W2030942274","https://openalex.org/W2146570668","https://openalex.org/W7044114163","https://openalex.org/W4406899935","https://openalex.org/W2607177050","https://openalex.org/W1973542862","https://openalex.org/W4391772936","https://openalex.org/W1975526509"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Magnetic":[0],"recording":[1],"from":[2,120],"five":[3],"normal":[4],"human":[5],"adults":[6],"demonstrates":[7],"large":[8],"40-Hz":[9,39,100,122],"coherent":[10,121],"magnetic":[11,40],"activity":[12],"in":[13,17,35,51,68,76,104,107],"the":[14,36,52,77,86,133,137,146,151],"awake":[15,53,78],"and":[16,106,126,141],"rapid-eye-movement":[18],"(REM)":[19],"sleep":[20,28,30,70],"states":[21],"that":[22,75,132],"is":[23,57,71,74,102],"very":[24],"reduced":[25],"during":[26,60],"delta":[27,33,63],"(deep":[29],"characterized":[31],"by":[32,48,80],"waves":[34],"electroencephalogram).":[37],"This":[38,88],"oscillation":[41,101],"has":[42,91],"been":[43],"shown":[44],"to":[45,112],"be":[46,113],"reset":[47],"sensory":[49],"stimuli":[50],"state.":[54],"Such":[55],"resetting":[56],"not":[58],"observed":[59],"REM":[61,69],"or":[62],"sleep.":[64],"The":[65],"40":[66],"Hz":[67],"characterized,":[72],"as":[73],"state,":[79],"a":[81,92,114,142],"fronto-occipital":[82],"phase":[83,89],"shift":[84,90],"over":[85],"head.":[87],"maximum":[93],"duration":[94],"of":[95,116,139,153],"approximately":[96],"12-13":[97],"msec.":[98],"Because":[99],"seen":[103],"wakefulness":[105],"dreaming,":[108],"we":[109,130],"propose":[110],"it":[111],"correlate":[115],"cognition,":[117,140],"probably":[118],"resultant":[119],"resonance":[123],"between":[124],"thalamocortical-specific":[125],"nonspecific":[127,143],"loops.":[128],"Moreover,":[129],"proposed":[131],"specific":[134],"loops":[135],"give":[136],"content":[138],"loop":[144],"gives":[145],"temporal":[147],"binding":[148],"required":[149],"for":[150],"unity":[152],"cognitive":[154],"experience.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":32}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
