{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1972256129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/aiq.0.0041","title":"American Indian Studies: Intellectual Navel Gazing or Academic Discipline?","display_name":"American Indian Studies: Intellectual Navel Gazing or Academic Discipline?","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1972256129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/aiq.0.0041","mag":"1972256129"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/aiq.0.0041","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/aiq.0.0041","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/aiq.0.0041","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S188904407","display_name":"The American Indian Quarterly","issn_l":"0095-182X","issn":["0095-182X","1534-1828"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320162","host_organization_name":"University of Nebraska Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320162"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Nebraska Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American Indian Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047871944","display_name":"Clara Sue Kidwell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Clara Sue Kidwell","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047871944"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1687,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91716902,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"17"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13864","display_name":"Indigenous Cultures and History","score":0.9028000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13864","display_name":"Indigenous Cultures and History","score":0.9028000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13301","display_name":"Cultural Studies and Interdisciplinary Research","score":0.029200000688433647,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14494","display_name":"American Literature and Culture","score":0.01810000091791153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/native-american-studies","display_name":"Native American studies","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-discipline-formation","display_name":"academic discipline formation","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tribal-sovereignty","display_name":"tribal sovereignty","score":0.42800000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/survivance","display_name":"survivance","score":0.5189999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/native-american-activism","display_name":"Native American activism","score":0.42899999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-studies","display_name":"ethnic studies","score":0.5460000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decolonization","display_name":"decolonization","score":0.453000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alcatraz-occupation","display_name":"Alcatraz occupation","score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/san-francisco-state-university","display_name":"San Francisco State University","score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/university-of-california-berkeley","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/university-of-minnesota","display_name":"University of Minnesota","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gerald-vizenor","display_name":"Gerald Vizenor","score":0.7239999771118164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118947353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27752","display_name":"Native American studies","level":2,"score":0.6795918941497803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.6380253434181213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.46887922286987305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780105190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179366","display_name":"Boycott","level":3,"score":0.4244730472564697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.40523335337638855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.37999698519706726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.36808955669403076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29595303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650","display_name":"Media studies","level":1,"score":0.3662832975387573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3459908068180084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.30262914299964905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1353/aiq.0.0041","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/aiq.0.0041","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/aiq.0.0041","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S188904407","display_name":"The American Indian Quarterly","issn_l":"0095-182X","issn":["0095-182X","1534-1828"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320162","host_organization_name":"University of Nebraska Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320162"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Nebraska Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American Indian Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/257202","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/257202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5473999977111816,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306116","display_name":"U.S. Department of the Interior","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0pmy70"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315885","display_name":"Australian Government","ror":"https://ror.org/0314h5y94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3263655","https://openalex.org/W269646404","https://openalex.org/W302969331","https://openalex.org/W567372874","https://openalex.org/W580060651","https://openalex.org/W581375478","https://openalex.org/W590171194","https://openalex.org/W598457872","https://openalex.org/W621257471","https://openalex.org/W632697739","https://openalex.org/W632814437","https://openalex.org/W639878987","https://openalex.org/W1480483993","https://openalex.org/W1482172492","https://openalex.org/W1485995441","https://openalex.org/W1495734509","https://openalex.org/W1506954192","https://openalex.org/W1512063155","https://openalex.org/W1514730767","https://openalex.org/W1520387187","https://openalex.org/W1532159457","https://openalex.org/W1555680712","https://openalex.org/W1563074008","https://openalex.org/W1567027371","https://openalex.org/W1601108387","https://openalex.org/W1827167858","https://openalex.org/W1995140737","https://openalex.org/W1995305363","https://openalex.org/W2015836203","https://openalex.org/W2026773112","https://openalex.org/W2029648951","https://openalex.org/W2030106399","https://openalex.org/W2050698276","https://openalex.org/W2063682503","https://openalex.org/W2085120933","https://openalex.org/W2108041048","https://openalex.org/W2118131896","https://openalex.org/W2140368961","https://openalex.org/W2164016947","https://openalex.org/W2286579391","https://openalex.org/W2309063706","https://openalex.org/W2314092477","https://openalex.org/W2320435894","https://openalex.org/W2323836501","https://openalex.org/W2337110496","https://openalex.org/W2477279175","https://openalex.org/W2489370940","https://openalex.org/W2506213192","https://openalex.org/W2800651763","https://openalex.org/W3023251720"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1521643414","https://openalex.org/W4229685221","https://openalex.org/W2030263224","https://openalex.org/W2268785333","https://openalex.org/W2050691505","https://openalex.org/W2077066360","https://openalex.org/W2075731517","https://openalex.org/W7009726223","https://openalex.org/W2111281472","https://openalex.org/W1583310743"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"American":[0,49,64,113,179,239,273,357,482,605,617,650],"Indian":[1,18,50,129,180,240,274,326,550,554,651],"Studies:Intellectual":[2],"Navel":[3],"Gazing":[4],"or":[5,470],"Academic":[6,252],"Discipline?":[7],"Clara":[8],"Sue":[9],"Kidwell":[10],"(bio)":[11],"The":[12,60,86,123,346,404,619],"academic":[13,298,344,354,473,501,518],"field":[14,382,668],"of":[15,29,58,63,78,88,101,106,137,148,151,175,205,211,229,268,272,286,289,296,351,363,367,374,390,397,400,406,426,454,522,560,589,600,613,621,644,649,663,669],"Native":[16,356,398,427],"American/American":[17],"studies":[19,258],"(NAS/":[20],"AIS)":[21],"has":[22,657],"been":[23],"and":[24,36,57,95,109,117,125,160,235,291,316,328,412,442,451,556,570,602,655,672],"largely":[25,520],"remains":[26],"a":[27,53,67,75,99,121,203,217,227,270,277,283,321,360,385,420,581,629,660,666],"product":[28],"political":[30,54,76,361,455,523,635],"forces":[31],"at":[32,38,163,192,213,623],"the":[33,39,71,92,102,135,146,149,152,161,164,176,185,198,209,236,243,250,263,266,287,294,307,324,336,352,364,372,381,402,417,424,458,476,529,537,543,564,587,594,611,641,647],"national":[34,132],"level":[35],"now":[37],"tribal":[40],"level.":[41],"As":[42],"Gerald":[43],"Vizenor":[44],"once":[45],"said,":[46],"being":[47],"an":[48,256,297,393],"today":[51],"is":[52,74],"act":[55],"in":[56,91,112,128,140,144,155,158,169,172,182,323,342,376,433,463,496,500,517,525,568,632,653],"itself.":[59],"very":[61,177,237,511],"recognition":[62],"Indians":[65,483],"as":[66,534,615,628,665],"unique":[68],"group":[69,271],"by":[70,220,231,280,349,509,542],"U.S.":[72],"government":[73],"statement":[77,396],"survival":[79],"or,":[80],"to":[81,226,254,262,310,313,318,387,423,444,498,549,584,609,659],"use":[82],"Vizenor's":[83],"term,":[84],"\"survivance.\"1":[85],"emergence":[87],"NAS/AIS":[89,513,645,664],"programs":[90,305,448,465,492,514],"late":[93],"1960s":[94],"early":[96,353,595],"1970s":[97,530],"was":[98,309,359],"result":[100],"general":[103],"social":[104,126],"ferment":[105],"civil":[107,544],"rights":[108,545],"antiwar":[110],"activism":[111,124],"society.2":[114],"Previously":[115],"disenfranchised":[116],"powerless":[118],"people":[119],"found":[120,188],"voice.":[122],"protest":[127],"communities":[130],"gained":[131],"attention":[133],"with":[134,200,282,449,598],"takeover":[136],"Alcatraz":[138,407],"Island":[139,408],"San":[141,193],"Francisco":[142,194],"Bay":[143],"1968,":[145],"occupation":[147],"Department":[150],"Interior":[153],"building":[154],"Washington,":[156],"DC,":[157],"1972,":[159],"siege":[162],"Wounded":[165],"Knee":[166],"trading":[167],"post":[168],"South":[170],"Dakota":[171],"1973.3":[173],"Some":[174],"few":[178,238],"students":[181,241,275,327,555],"universities":[183,656],"across":[184],"country":[186],"also":[187],"their":[189,494,510],"voices.":[190],"Students":[191],"State":[195],"University":[196,210,267,620],"picketed":[197],"university":[199,421],"demands":[201],"for":[202,293,419,436,536,625],"college":[204,440],"ethnic":[206,257],"studies.4":[207],"At":[208,265,457],"California":[212,622],"Berkeley":[214],"administrators":[215,443,531],"canceled":[216],"scheduled":[218],"speech":[219],"black":[221],"activist":[222],"Stokely":[223],"Carmichael,":[224],"leading":[225,439],"boycott":[228],"classes":[230],"black,":[232],"Hispanic,":[233],"Asian,":[234],"on":[242,371],"campus.":[244],"This":[245],"Third":[246],"World":[247],"Strike":[248],"led":[249,658],"university's":[251],"Senate":[253],"create":[255],"department,":[259],"reporting":[260],"directly":[261],"chancellor.":[264],"Minnesota":[269],"took":[276],"different":[278],"approach":[279],"negotiating":[281],"sympathetic":[284],"dean":[285],"College":[288],"Arts":[290],"Sciences":[292],"establishment":[295],"program.5":[299],"[End":[300,674],"Page":[301,675],"1]":[302],"With":[303,320],"new":[304,447],"approved,":[306],"challenge":[308],"find":[311],"instructors":[312],"staff":[314],"them":[315,453,533],"content":[317],"offer.":[319],"voice":[322],"academy,":[325],"scholars":[329,652],"proclaimed":[330],"that":[331,339,414,479],"they":[332,468,505],"would":[333,552],"counter":[334],"all":[335],"negative":[337],"stereotypes":[338],"were":[340,469,580],"perpetuated":[341],"various":[343],"disciplines.":[345,474],"designation":[347],"chosen":[348],"some":[350],"programs,":[355,646],"studies,":[358],"rejection":[362],"historical":[365],"accident":[366],"Christopher":[368],"Columbus's":[369],"landing":[370],"island":[373],"Hispaniola":[375],"1492.6":[377],"In":[378,528],"this":[379],"respect":[380],"constituted":[383],"more":[384],"response":[386],"established":[388],"paradigms":[389],"knowledge":[391],"than":[392],"intellectually":[394],"coherent":[395],"ways":[399],"seeing":[401],"world.":[403],"occupiers":[405],"rejected":[409],"academia":[410],"altogether":[411],"demanded":[413],"it":[415],"become":[416,472],"site":[418],"devoted":[422],"study":[425],"knowledge.7":[428],"Vine":[429],"Deloria":[430],"skewered":[431],"anthropologists":[432],"Custer":[434],"Died":[435],"Your":[437],"Sins,":[438],"faculty":[441,461],"view":[445],"these":[446,464],"suspicion":[450],"accuse":[452],"advocacy.8":[456],"same":[459],"time,":[460],"hired":[462],"debated":[466],"whether":[467],"should":[471,489],"If":[475],"entrenched":[477],"disciplines":[478],"had":[480,484],"studied":[481],"created":[485],"so":[486],"much":[487],"misinformation,":[488],"newly":[490],"emerging":[491],"follow":[493],"lead":[495],"order":[497],"survive":[499],"institutions?":[502],"Or":[503],"could":[504],"effect":[506],"institutional":[507],"change":[508],"presence?9":[512],"have":[515,637],"survived":[516],"institutions":[519],"because":[521],"currents":[524],"higher":[526],"education.":[527],"viewed":[532],"tools":[535],"affirmative":[538],"action":[539],"goals":[540],"inspired":[541,572],"movement.":[546],"Programs":[547],"\"relevant\"":[548],"interests":[551],"attract":[553],"thus":[557],"boost":[558],"enrollments":[559],"underrepresented":[561],"students.":[562],"By":[563,593],"mid-1980s":[565],"technological":[566],"advances":[567],"engineering":[569],"computers":[571],"concerns":[573],"about":[574],"\"manpower":[575],"[sic]":[576],"needs.\"":[577],"Underrepresented":[578],"groups":[579],"potential":[582],"pool":[583],"make":[585],"up":[586],"shortfall":[588],"technologically":[590],"trained":[591],"workers.10":[592],"1990s,":[596],"faced":[597],"immigration":[599],"Asian":[601],"Hispanic":[603],"populations,":[604],"policy":[606],"makers":[607],"began":[608],"embrace":[610],"idea":[612],"diversity":[614],"enriching":[616],"culture.":[618],"Berkeley,":[624],"example,":[626],"adopted":[627],"motto":[630],"\"Excellence":[631],"Diversity.\"":[633],"Although":[634],"trends":[636],"fostered":[638],"(albeit":[639],"unintentionally)":[640],"intellectual":[642,670],"development":[643],"presence":[648],"colleges":[654],"growing":[661],"acceptance":[662],"legitimate":[667],"inquiry":[671],"even,":[673],"2]":[676],"perhaps,":[677],"an...":[678]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
