{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1972018164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2013.512121","title":"Evaluation of C and P Factors in Universal Soil Loss Equation on Trapping Sediment: Case Study of Santubong River","display_name":"Evaluation of C and P Factors in Universal Soil Loss Equation on Trapping Sediment: Case Study of Santubong River","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1972018164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2013.512121","mag":"1972018164"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4236/jwarp.2013.512121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2013.512121","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2013.512121","pdf_url":"https://content.scirp.org/pdf/jwarp_2013120910033796.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S175274235","display_name":"Journal of Water Resource and Protection","issn_l":"1945-3094","issn":["1945-3094","1945-3108"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Water Resource and Protection","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://content.scirp.org/pdf/jwarp_2013120910033796.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015709592","display_name":"Kelvin K. K. Kuok","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96413208","display_name":"Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/014cjmc76","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57093077","https://openalex.org/I96413208"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kelvin K. K. Kuok","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science , Swinburne University of Technology , Sarawak , Malaysia","Swinburne University of Technology, Sarawak campus"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science , Swinburne University of Technology , Sarawak , Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96413208"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swinburne University of Technology, Sarawak campus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96413208"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029192561","display_name":"Darrien Yau Seng Mah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3469-2335","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3469-2335"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41461413","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Sarawak","ror":"https://ror.org/05b307002","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41461413"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Darrien Y. S. Mah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering , Faculty of Engineering , University of Malaysia Sarawak , Kota Samarahan , Malaysia","Universiti Malaysia Sarawak;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering , Faculty of Engineering , University of Malaysia Sarawak , Kota Samarahan , Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41461413"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Malaysia Sarawak;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41461413"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001335357","display_name":"Po Chan Chiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0414-7926","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0414-7926"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41461413","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Sarawak","ror":"https://ror.org/05b307002","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41461413"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. C. Chiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information System, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information System, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41461413"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0964,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":56,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89989841,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"05","issue":"12","first_page":"1149","last_page":"1154"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10889","display_name":"Soil erosion and sediment transport","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10889","display_name":"Soil erosion and sediment transport","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10577","display_name":"Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11311","display_name":"Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2304","display_name":"Environmental Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/universal-soil-loss-equation","display_name":"Universal Soil Loss Equation","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-erosion","display_name":"soil erosion","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sediment-trapping","display_name":"sediment trapping","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-suspended-solids","display_name":"total suspended solids","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use-factors","display_name":"land use factors","score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terracing","display_name":"terracing","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-conservation-practices","display_name":"soil conservation practices","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sediment-removal-efficiency","display_name":"sediment removal efficiency","score":0.5649999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110049166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2533913","display_name":"Outfall","level":2,"score":0.7167269587516785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.662093997001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.6178141832351685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50477045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1444790","display_name":"Surface runoff","level":2,"score":0.60903400182724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777610965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3547352","display_name":"Universal Soil Loss Equation","level":4,"score":0.6061604022979736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123157820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80026","display_name":"Erosion","level":2,"score":0.5279112458229065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2816523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180184","display_name":"Sediment","level":2,"score":0.4815288186073303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983671832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80026","display_name":"Soil loss","level":3,"score":0.27298271656036377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.2403523027896881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.15522173047065735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.1478663682937622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.08876395225524902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4236/jwarp.2013.512121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2013.512121","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2013.512121","pdf_url":"https://content.scirp.org/pdf/jwarp_2013120910033796.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S175274235","display_name":"Journal of Water Resource and Protection","issn_l":"1945-3094","issn":["1945-3094","1945-3108"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Water Resource and Protection","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.854.5310","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.854.5310","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID%3D40547","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4236/jwarp.2013.512121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2013.512121","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2013.512121","pdf_url":"https://content.scirp.org/pdf/jwarp_2013120910033796.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S175274235","display_name":"Journal of Water Resource and Protection","issn_l":"1945-3094","issn":["1945-3094","1945-3108"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Water Resource and Protection","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.8518999814987183,"display_name":"Life on land"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.7778000235557556,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1972018164.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1972018164.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W119782430","https://openalex.org/W1976989988","https://openalex.org/W1980738087","https://openalex.org/W2008717013","https://openalex.org/W2022550906","https://openalex.org/W2032673271","https://openalex.org/W2069900184","https://openalex.org/W2087469830","https://openalex.org/W2123601199","https://openalex.org/W2125360371","https://openalex.org/W2260498996"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7098555372","https://openalex.org/W3190238030","https://openalex.org/W7219215859","https://openalex.org/W2339464997","https://openalex.org/W1968281543","https://openalex.org/W2181612559","https://openalex.org/W3028535439","https://openalex.org/W2186647437","https://openalex.org/W2021742975","https://openalex.org/W2988547890"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Universal":[0],"Soil":[1],"Loss":[2],"Equation":[3],"(USLE)":[4],"is":[5,128,151,198,216],"the":[6,13,57,68,103,125,131,193,201,213],"most":[7,137,207],"comprehensive":[8],"technique":[9],"available":[10],"to":[11,75,101,153,211,218],"predict":[12],"long":[14],"term":[15],"average":[16],"annual":[17],"rate":[18],"of":[19,70,84,133,196,203],"erosion":[20],"on":[21],"a":[22,99],"field":[23],"slope.":[24],"USLE":[25],"was":[26],"governed":[27],"by":[28,159,222],"five":[29],"factors":[30,63,71],"include":[31],"soil":[32,231],"erodibility":[33,39],"factor":[34,45,49,54],"(K),":[35],"rainfall":[36],"and":[37,43,51,61,73,81,110,139,184,226],"runoff":[38],"index":[40],"(R),":[41],"crop/vegetation":[42],"management":[44],"(C),":[46],"support":[47,209],"practice":[48,210],"(P)":[50],"slope":[52],"length-gradient":[53],"(LS).":[55],"In":[56],"past,":[58],"K,":[59],"R":[60],"LS":[62],"are":[64,86,117],"extensively":[65],"studied.":[66],"But":[67],"impacts":[69],"C":[72,109,134],"P":[74,111,204],"outfall":[76,126,214],"Total":[77],"Suspended":[78],"Solid":[79],"(TSS)":[80],"%":[82,194],"reduction":[83,195],"TSS":[85,127,145,197,215],"not":[87,228],"fully":[88],"studied":[89],"yet.":[90],"Therefore,":[91],"this":[92],"study":[93,115],"employs":[94],"Buffer":[95],"Zone":[96],"Calculator":[97],"as":[98],"tool":[100],"determine":[102],"sediment":[104],"removal":[105],"efficiency":[106],"for":[107,143],"different":[108],"factors.":[112],"The":[113,136,206],"selected":[114],"areas":[116],"Santubong":[118],"River,":[119],"Kuching,":[120],"Sarawak.":[121],"Results":[122],"show":[123],"that":[124,192],"increasing":[129,199],"with":[130,156,164,200],"increase":[132],"values.":[135],"effective":[138,208],"efficient":[140],"land":[141,148],"use":[142],"reducing":[144],"among":[146],"17":[147],"uses":[149],"investigated":[150],"found":[152,217],"be":[154,219],"forest":[155,163],"undergrowth,":[157,166],"followed":[158,221],"mixed":[160],"dipt.":[161],"forest,":[162],"no":[165],"cultivated":[167],"grass,":[168],"logging":[169,171],"30,":[170],"10^6,":[172],"wet":[173],"rice,":[174],"new":[175],"shifting":[176],"agriculture,":[177],"oil":[178],"palm,":[179],"rubber,":[180],"cocoa,":[181],"coffee,":[182],"tea":[183],"lastly":[185,227],"settlement/cleared":[186],"land.":[187],"Besides,":[188],"results":[189],"also":[190],"indicate":[191],"decrease":[202],"factor.":[205],"reduce":[212],"terracing,":[220],"contour-strip":[223],"cropping,":[224],"contouring":[225],"implementing":[229],"any":[230],"conservation":[232],"practice.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}