{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1972006735","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2006.00044.x","title":"Let's Make the DNA Identification Database as Inclusive as Possible","display_name":"Let's Make the DNA Identification Database as Inclusive as Possible","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1972006735","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2006.00044.x","mag":"1972006735","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16789960"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1748-720x.2006.00044.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2006.00044.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2006.00044.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171945920","display_name":"The Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","issn_l":"1073-1105","issn":["1073-1105","1748-720X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Law, Medicine &amp; Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016898633","display_name":"Michael E. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2174-9825","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2174-9825"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1304256225","display_name":"University of Wisconsin System","ror":"https://ror.org/03ydkyb10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304256225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael E. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin, USA","Univ. of Wisconsin, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Wisconsin, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1304256225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016898633"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1304256225"],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.30786177,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"2","first_page":"385","last_page":"389"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14493","display_name":"Criminal Law and Evidence","score":0.8970000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14493","display_name":"Criminal Law and Evidence","score":0.8970000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10751","display_name":"Forensic and Genetic Research","score":0.07649999856948853,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14115","display_name":"Legal processes and jurisprudence","score":0.0026000000070780516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dna-fingerprinting","display_name":"DNA fingerprinting","score":0.5120000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forensic-identification","display_name":"forensic identification","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forensic-dna-evidence","display_name":"forensic DNA evidence","score":0.41999998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy","display_name":"privacy","score":0.33500000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inclusiveness","display_name":"inclusivity","score":0.3160000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-convictions","display_name":"false convictions","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-investigation","display_name":"criminal investigation","score":0.40400001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/person-of-interest","display_name":"person of interest","score":0.4790000021457672}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171906077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1360677","display_name":"Crime scene","level":2,"score":0.783275842666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777278149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2916183","display_name":"Conviction","level":2,"score":0.7646275758743286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6804057359695435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552990157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430","display_name":"DNA","level":2,"score":0.6339632272720337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5793136954307556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.4659835696220398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4495304524898529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993704820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146491","display_name":"Criminal case","level":2,"score":0.43307650089263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994273702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285223","display_name":"Dna testing","level":2,"score":0.4154951274394989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2776559889316559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.25886374711990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.25702571868896484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.20918163657188416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.16729745268821716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.15726280212402344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13948854804039001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.06880468130111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003625","descriptor_name":"Data Collection","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016172","descriptor_name":"DNA Fingerprinting","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D030561","descriptor_name":"Databases, Nucleic Acid","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D030661","descriptor_name":"Genetic Privacy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035846","descriptor_name":"Law Enforcement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1748-720x.2006.00044.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2006.00044.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2006.00044.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171945920","display_name":"The Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","issn_l":"1073-1105","issn":["1073-1105","1748-720X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Law, Medicine &amp; Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:16789960","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16789960","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/509172","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/509172","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"297044","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8046000003814697,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3507206476","display_name":"DNA Fingerprinting and Civil Liberties","funder_award_id":"R01HG002836","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337348","funder_display_name":"National Human Genome Research Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337348","display_name":"National Human Genome Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00baak391"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2262893036"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4238752287","https://openalex.org/W4389402319","https://openalex.org/W2754664764","https://openalex.org/W3119741754","https://openalex.org/W1612811672","https://openalex.org/W3184453769","https://openalex.org/W1978963635","https://openalex.org/W2070121251","https://openalex.org/W3108650558","https://openalex.org/W2071456468"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wherever":[0],"we":[1,3,16],"go,":[2],"leave":[4],"behind":[5],"skin":[6],"cells":[7],"containing":[8],"copies":[9],"of":[10,26,40,44,89,122,125,136,142],"our":[11],"DNA":[12,27,35,46,62,70,74,96,121],"molecule":[13],"\u2013":[14],"unless":[15],"go":[17],"forth":[18],"hermetically":[19],"sealed.":[20],"This":[21],"makes":[22],"construction":[23],"and":[24,50,91,134],"maintenance":[25],"identification":[28,75],"databases":[29],"enormously":[30],"useful":[31,55,79],"to":[32,56,107],"crime":[33,66,101,114],"investigators.":[34],"databases,":[36],"linking":[37],"numerical":[38],"representations":[39],"a":[41,65,69,73,87,100,123],"tiny":[42],"portion":[43],"individuals'":[45],"with":[47,68],"their":[48],"names":[49],"other":[51],"identifying":[52,92],"information,":[53],"are":[54,78],"identify":[57],"suspects":[58],"directly":[59],"by":[60,86],"matching":[61],"found":[63,98],"at":[64,99],"scene":[67,102,115],"profile":[71],"in":[72],"database.":[76],"They":[77],"indirectly":[80],"too,":[81],"because":[82],"criminal":[83,137],"investigations":[84],"proceed":[85],"process":[88],"elimination;":[90],"the":[93,112,120,132,140],"person":[94,128],"whose":[95],"was":[97],"can":[103],"make":[104],"it":[105],"unnecessary":[106],"continue":[108],"investigating":[109],"others.":[110],"When":[111],"incriminating":[113],"sample":[116],"does":[117],"not":[118],"match":[119],"\u201cperson":[124],"interest,\u201d":[126],"that":[127],"is":[129],"freed":[130],"from":[131],"hassles":[133],"risks":[135],"investigation,":[138],"including":[139],"risk":[141],"false":[143],"conviction.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
