{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1971635524","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17585521111167243","title":"Open innovation in China: policies and practices","display_name":"Open innovation in China: policies and practices","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-10-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1971635524","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17585521111167243","mag":"1971635524"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/17585521111167243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17585521111167243","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17585521111167243","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123595276","display_name":"Journal of Science and Technology Policy in China","issn_l":"1758-552X","issn":["1758-552X","1758-5538"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-40"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Science and Technology Policy in China","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084113309","display_name":"Xiaolan Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6176-6339","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6176-6339","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3694-122X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolan Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oxford University, Oxford, UK","Oxford University, Oxford, UK#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford University, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford University, Oxford, UK#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024849184","display_name":"Hongru Xiong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongru Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.2155,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94434346,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"3","first_page":"196","last_page":"218"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.7002000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.7002000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12722","display_name":"Innovation Policy and R&D","score":0.0803999975323677,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":0.07289999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-innovation","display_name":"open innovation","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/science-and-technology-policy","display_name":"science and technology policy","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovation-policy","display_name":"innovation policy","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inbound-open-innovation","display_name":"inbound open innovation","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outbound-open-innovation","display_name":"outbound open innovation","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-innovation-networks","display_name":"open innovation networks","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latecomer-firms","display_name":"latecomer firms","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emerging-markets","display_name":"emerging markets","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/globalization","display_name":"globalization","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-challenges","display_name":"institutional challenges","score":0.7720000147819519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.7677944302558899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776950860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914681","display_name":"Originality","level":3,"score":0.7414819002151489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.6843798160552979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55958113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169480","display_name":"Indigenous","level":2,"score":0.6072899699211121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2119116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7181","display_name":"Globalization","level":2,"score":0.5950810313224792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5791877508163452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.536396861076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184356942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830382","display_name":"Best practice","level":2,"score":0.5277308225631714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5090472102165222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166955791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629579","display_name":"Macro","level":2,"score":0.465156614780426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109986646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546113","display_name":"Public policy","level":2,"score":0.42376959323883057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121087249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546395","display_name":"Emerging markets","level":2,"score":0.4236878454685211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.3495110869407654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.30771732330322266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.2807167172431946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.20548343658447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.1594138741493225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.12776929140090942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.08594346046447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11012388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170658","display_name":"Creativity","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/17585521111167243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17585521111167243","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17585521111167243","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123595276","display_name":"Journal of Science and Technology Policy in China","issn_l":"1758-552X","issn":["1758-552X","1758-5538"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-40"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Science and Technology Policy in China","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:uuid:aad80621-0493-4c86-8933-63a5bd173b90","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=1954457&show=abstract","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://economics.ouls.ox.ac.uk/15319","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W155896377","https://openalex.org/W1481528457","https://openalex.org/W1490135749","https://openalex.org/W1505472865","https://openalex.org/W1506150625","https://openalex.org/W1511351087","https://openalex.org/W1527311855","https://openalex.org/W1542405687","https://openalex.org/W1554940969","https://openalex.org/W1595461575","https://openalex.org/W1684809301","https://openalex.org/W1726621761","https://openalex.org/W1848725895","https://openalex.org/W1969548630","https://openalex.org/W1979461265","https://openalex.org/W1979573937","https://openalex.org/W2013386523","https://openalex.org/W2013675601","https://openalex.org/W2025903974","https://openalex.org/W2027420968","https://openalex.org/W2028926163","https://openalex.org/W2030991625","https://openalex.org/W2048753822","https://openalex.org/W2051523935","https://openalex.org/W2068370738","https://openalex.org/W2082298179","https://openalex.org/W2087712586","https://openalex.org/W2092625738","https://openalex.org/W2097363245","https://openalex.org/W2105114715","https://openalex.org/W2125111810","https://openalex.org/W2137240809","https://openalex.org/W2144696435","https://openalex.org/W2144981092","https://openalex.org/W2146702706","https://openalex.org/W2160449301","https://openalex.org/W2162690327","https://openalex.org/W2167142086","https://openalex.org/W2314501994","https://openalex.org/W2317291562","https://openalex.org/W2350232380","https://openalex.org/W2352863027","https://openalex.org/W2363788573","https://openalex.org/W2383787647","https://openalex.org/W2392438058","https://openalex.org/W2410474513","https://openalex.org/W2953145841","https://openalex.org/W3123206580","https://openalex.org/W3123293202","https://openalex.org/W3123569894","https://openalex.org/W3124370699","https://openalex.org/W3124757962","https://openalex.org/W3138377669","https://openalex.org/W3161759735","https://openalex.org/W4205936719","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4299953765","https://openalex.org/W4388135212","https://openalex.org/W4388169926"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4403398157","https://openalex.org/W3216372027","https://openalex.org/W4415960130","https://openalex.org/W3035513464","https://openalex.org/W7018056040","https://openalex.org/W1981283335","https://openalex.org/W4407251227","https://openalex.org/W4391846717","https://openalex.org/W2359224455","https://openalex.org/W2148223754"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"The":[1],"purpose":[2],"of":[3,11,15,60,66,136,139,144,170],"this":[4,167],"paper":[5,121],"is":[6,25,49,168],"to":[7,82,98,116,123],"review":[8,27,135,174],"the":[9,43,64,72,77,125,128,132,137,140,150,163,171],"evolution":[10,138],"policies":[12,38,90,141,178],"and":[13,33,39,45,68,84,103,113,142,148,179],"practices":[14,40,143,180],"open":[16],"innovation":[17,158],"(OI)":[18],"in":[19,55,71,127,146,155],"China":[20],"under":[21],"globalization.":[22],"Design/methodology/approach":[23],"This":[24,120],"a":[26,58,182],"paper.":[28],"It":[29,48],"combines":[30],"historical":[31],"archives":[32],"case":[34],"study":[35],"approaches,":[36],"covering":[37],"at":[41],"both":[42],"macro\u2010":[44],"micro\u2010levels.":[46],"Findings":[47],"found":[50],"that":[51],"Chinese":[52,78,96],"firms":[53,97,154],"have":[54,94],"practice":[56],"employed":[57],"variety":[59],"OI":[61,92,101,145,177],"models":[62],"since":[63],"reforms":[65],"science":[67],"technology":[69],"systems":[70],"mid\u20101980s.":[73],"Policies":[74],"introduced":[75],"by":[76,130],"Government":[79],"with":[80,181],"respect":[81],"inbound":[83],"outbound":[85],"OI,":[86],"as":[87,89,162],"well":[88],"encouraging":[91],"networks,":[93],"encouraged":[95],"adopt":[99],"various":[100],"modes":[102],"practices.":[104],"Some":[105],"critical":[106],"institutional":[107],"challenges":[108],"still":[109],"need":[110],"urgent":[111],"attention":[112],"effective":[114],"efforts":[115],"reinforce":[117],"them.":[118],"Originality/value":[119],"aims":[122],"fill":[124],"gap":[126],"literature":[129],"providing":[131],"first":[133,172],"systematic":[134,173],"China,":[147],"exploring":[149],"implications":[151],"for":[152],"latecomer":[153],"building":[156],"indigenous":[157],"capability.":[159],"As":[160],"far":[161],"authors":[164],"are":[165],"aware,":[166],"one":[169],"studies":[175],"on":[176,184],"focus":[183],"emerging":[185],"economies.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}