{"id":"https://openalex.org/W197135105","doi":null,"title":"External quality assessment of tumour marker analysis: state of the art and consequences for estimating diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.","display_name":"External quality assessment of tumour marker analysis: state of the art and consequences for estimating diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-05-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W197135105","mag":"197135105","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19675719","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2703247"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2703247","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2703247","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ger Med Sci","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2703247","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077783532","display_name":"H. Reinauer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106415","display_name":"Instand","ror":"https://ror.org/01n69pc33","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106415"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hans Reinauer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instand Reference Laboratory, Instand e.V., D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instand Reference Laboratory, Instand e.V., D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106415"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103332578","display_name":"William Graham Wood","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William Graham Wood","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.03070175,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":null,"first_page":"Doc02","last_page":"Doc02"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11314","display_name":"Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality Control","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3607","display_name":"Medical Laboratory Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11314","display_name":"Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality Control","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3607","display_name":"Medical Laboratory Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11890","display_name":"Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13309","display_name":"Reliability and Agreement in Measurement","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-markers","display_name":"tumor markers","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/external-quality-assessment","display_name":"external quality assessment","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytical-quality","display_name":"analytical quality","score":0.4860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carcinoembryonic-antigen","display_name":"carcinoembryonic antigen","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alpha-fetoprotein","display_name":"alpha-fetoprotein","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prostate-specific-antigen","display_name":"prostate-specific antigen","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thyroglobulin","display_name":"thyroglobulin","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcitonin","display_name":"calcitonin","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-chorionic-gonadotropin","display_name":"human chorionic gonadotropin","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/growth-hormone","display_name":"growth hormone","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prolactin","display_name":"prolactin","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acth","display_name":"ACTH","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interlaboratory-comparability","display_name":"interlaboratory comparability","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity-and-specificity","display_name":"sensitivity and specificity","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reference-values","display_name":"reference values","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cutoff-values","display_name":"cut-off values","score":0.9559999704360962}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777387746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769706","display_name":"Carcinoembryonic antigen","level":3,"score":0.8379088640213013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7940307855606079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781447364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q584992","display_name":"Tumor marker","level":3,"score":0.5644159317016602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775948956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407172","display_name":"Human chorionic gonadotropin","level":3,"score":0.5328484177589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778618615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4008393","display_name":"External quality assessment","level":2,"score":0.4950522482395172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.483253538608551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781406297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409450","display_name":"Prostate-specific antigen","level":4,"score":0.4744223952293396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10390740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2282401","display_name":"Analyte","level":2,"score":0.45687878131866455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147483822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103537","display_name":"Antigen","level":2,"score":0.42473047971725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.3962479531764984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71315377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11364","display_name":"Hormone","level":2,"score":0.39223816990852356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.30752086639404297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.17692908644676208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776235491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9625","display_name":"Prostate","level":3,"score":0.16574037075042725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.09340137243270874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.07735753059387207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.06681540608406067}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2703247","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2703247","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ger Med Sci","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:19675719","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19675719","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"German medical science : GMS e-journal","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oai-gms.dimdi.de:GA000020","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.egms.de/en/journals/gms/2005-3/000020.shtml","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402251","display_name":"German Medical Science (German Research Foundation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210126796","host_organization_name":"German Heart Research Foundation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126796"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GMS German Medical Science;\\n \\n VOL: 3;\\n \\n DOC02\\n /20050530/\\n","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:985cedabcf424e56a073b41af97183cc","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/985cedabcf424e56a073b41af97183cc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"GMS German Medical Science, Vol 3, p Doc02 (2005)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:197135105","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19675719","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2703247","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2703247","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ger Med Sci","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W137669703","https://openalex.org/W1514592277","https://openalex.org/W1547629280","https://openalex.org/W1953007970","https://openalex.org/W1963614698","https://openalex.org/W1979036766","https://openalex.org/W1993351988","https://openalex.org/W2003967046","https://openalex.org/W2004102690","https://openalex.org/W2017609319","https://openalex.org/W2024074341","https://openalex.org/W2038890475","https://openalex.org/W2040549890","https://openalex.org/W2046487753","https://openalex.org/W2056214615","https://openalex.org/W2061199257","https://openalex.org/W2065358144","https://openalex.org/W2067830085","https://openalex.org/W2070395436","https://openalex.org/W2075946653","https://openalex.org/W2079502303","https://openalex.org/W2080205172","https://openalex.org/W2096790419","https://openalex.org/W2098394831","https://openalex.org/W2102719470","https://openalex.org/W2103263363","https://openalex.org/W2113354799","https://openalex.org/W2116132775","https://openalex.org/W2125408410","https://openalex.org/W2127337106","https://openalex.org/W2162461452","https://openalex.org/W2165207521","https://openalex.org/W2409347339","https://openalex.org/W2410704895","https://openalex.org/W2413027689","https://openalex.org/W2413473559","https://openalex.org/W2413940116","https://openalex.org/W2439724318","https://openalex.org/W2463440280"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6981765617","https://openalex.org/W2443965572","https://openalex.org/W4392021272","https://openalex.org/W4399871071","https://openalex.org/W2137136152","https://openalex.org/W2404391651","https://openalex.org/W2508882805","https://openalex.org/W2464081909","https://openalex.org/W7203579050","https://openalex.org/W2410636858"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"review":[1],"shows":[2],"the":[3,8,16,65,72,75,82,89,94,104,114,122,125,175,208,234,241,252,256,286,294,300,304,327],"current":[4],"analytical":[5],"quality":[6,18],"for":[7,88,135,146,153,190,211,218,226,244,268,277,290,293,308,334],"following":[9],"analytes":[10,329],"used":[11,77,96,217,243],"as":[12,78,80,97,163],"tumour":[13,98,160,213],"markers":[14,99,161],"in":[15,27,71,81,198,315,318],"external":[17],"assessment":[19],"(EQA)-programmes":[20],"of":[21,74,84,116,223,236,306,326],"Instand":[22],"e.V.,":[23],"a":[24,68,191],"national":[25],"EQA-organiser":[26],"Germany:":[28],"Corticotropin":[29],"(ACTH),":[30],"growth":[31],"hormone":[32],"(GH,":[33],"hGH),":[34],"prolactin":[35],"(PRL),":[36],"chorionic":[37,313],"gonadotropin":[38,314],"(CG,":[39],"hCG),":[40],"calcitonin":[41,307],"(CT,":[42],"hCT),":[43],"thyroglobulin":[44,321],"(Tg),":[45],"carcinoembryonic":[46,164],"antigen":[47,60,165,239],"(CEA),":[48],"CA-Antigens":[49],"125,":[50],"72-4,":[51],"15-3":[52],"and":[53,58,111,130,141,150,152,156,167,177,184,194,229,246,270,274,281,320],"19-9,":[54],"alpha":[55,168],"foetoprotein":[56,169],"(AFP)":[57,170],"prostate-specific":[59],"(PSA).":[61],"The":[62,143,158,187,201,266,288],"results":[63,85,202,206,224],"from":[64,207,251,285],"participants":[66],"show":[67,100,203],"large":[69],"variation":[70],"precision":[73,189],"methods":[76,87],"well":[79],"comparability":[83,292],"between":[86,124],"same":[90,209,253],"analyte.":[91],"In":[92,113,233],"general,":[93],"hormones":[95],"better":[101,173],"performance":[102],"than":[103,174],"\"CA-markers\",":[105],"which":[106],"are":[107,260],"often":[108],"inadequately":[109],"standardised":[110],"defined.":[112],"case":[115,235],"one":[117,136],"CA-marker":[118],"(CA":[119],"72-4/TAG":[120],"72-4),":[121],"differences":[123],"lowest":[126],"kit":[127,132,193],"median":[128,133],"concentration":[129,134],"highest":[131],"sample":[137],"pair":[138],"were":[139,148],"440%":[140],"580%.":[142],"corresponding":[144],"figures":[145],"ACTH":[147],"123%":[149],"156%":[151],"CEA":[154],"180%":[155],"184%.":[157],"classical":[159],"such":[162],"(CEA)":[166],"performed":[171],"markedly":[172],"CA-markers":[176],"PSA":[178,248],"with":[179],"regards":[180],"to":[181,261,331],"both":[182],"inter-":[183],"intra-method":[185],"comparability.":[186],"inter-laboratory":[188],"given":[192],"marker":[195,214],"was":[196],"acceptable":[197],"many":[199],"cases.":[200],"that":[204],"only":[205],"kit/method":[210],"each":[212],"can":[215],"be":[216,332],"cumulative":[219],"or":[220],"time-dependent":[221],"comparison":[222],"-":[225],"example":[227],"pre-operative":[228],"post-operative":[230],"follow":[231],"up.":[232],"prostate":[237],"specific":[238],"(PSA),":[240],"kits":[242],"free":[245],"total":[247,323],"must":[249],"come":[250],"producer,":[254],"if":[255],"generally":[257],"accepted":[258],"ratios":[259],"have":[262],"any":[263],"diagnostic":[264,279],"value.":[265],"need":[267],"kit-":[269],"laboratory-specific":[271],"reference":[272],"ranges":[273],"cut-off":[275],"values":[276],"setting":[278],"specificity":[280],"sensitivity":[282],"is":[283],"highlighted":[284],"EQA-results.":[287],"situation":[289],"inter-method":[291],"CA-Markers":[295],"has":[296],"not":[297],"improved":[298],"over":[299],"past":[301],"decade.":[302],"With":[303],"exception":[305],"detecting":[309],"medullary":[310],"thyroid":[311],"carcinoma,":[312],"germ-cell":[316],"tumours":[317],"men":[319],"after":[322],"thyroidectomy,":[324],"none":[325],"remaining":[328],"appear":[330],"suitable":[333],"screening":[335],"purposes.":[336]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}