{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1971253201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167883233008","title":"Naming the Cultural Forces That Push Us Toward War","display_name":"Naming the Cultural Forces That Push Us Toward War","publication_year":1983,"publication_date":"1983-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1971253201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167883233008","mag":"1971253201"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0022167883233008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167883233008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167883233008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207414187","display_name":"Journal of Humanistic Psychology","issn_l":"0022-1678","issn":["0022-1678","1552-650X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Humanistic Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042911877","display_name":"Charlene Spretnak","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Charlene Spretnak","raw_affiliation_strings":["760 Davis Hall, University of California, Berkely, California 94720"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"760 Davis Hall, University of California, Berkely, California 94720","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042911877"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1908,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76891192,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"3","first_page":"104","last_page":"114"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11863","display_name":"Gender, Security, and Conflict","score":0.27489998936653137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11863","display_name":"Gender, Security, and Conflict","score":0.27489998936653137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14314","display_name":"Violence, Religion, and Philosophy","score":0.22390000522136688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12275","display_name":"Gender and Feminist Studies","score":0.07249999791383743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patriarchy","display_name":"patriarchy","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/militarism","display_name":"militarism","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/war","display_name":"war","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/masculinity","display_name":"masculinity","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-and-violence","display_name":"gender and violence","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peacebuilding","display_name":"peacebuilding","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/male-dominance","display_name":"male dominance","score":0.3140000104904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117731710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177266","display_name":"Militarism","level":3,"score":0.8474260568618774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776234999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181339","display_name":"Patriarchy","level":2,"score":0.7547340393066406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778627824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178561","display_name":"Battle","level":2,"score":0.7424129843711853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151913843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454555","display_name":"Dominance (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.6834813952445984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.5438849925994873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5011038780212402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51364203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1563532","display_name":"HERO","level":2,"score":0.45577314496040344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43053215742111206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.4194779396057129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2873409390449524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.28305622935295105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.22928014397621155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0022167883233008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167883233008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167883233008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207414187","display_name":"Journal of Humanistic Psychology","issn_l":"0022-1678","issn":["0022-1678","1552-650X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Humanistic Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.47620001435279846}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W43857184","https://openalex.org/W654735149","https://openalex.org/W1491901370","https://openalex.org/W1574442224","https://openalex.org/W1574475199","https://openalex.org/W1702974743","https://openalex.org/W2031923118","https://openalex.org/W2072661654","https://openalex.org/W2798902864","https://openalex.org/W2801848403"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4299441436","https://openalex.org/W4238248165","https://openalex.org/W3014008574","https://openalex.org/W2002836151","https://openalex.org/W3115428642","https://openalex.org/W1672083000","https://openalex.org/W4225274831","https://openalex.org/W7151983880","https://openalex.org/W250942668","https://openalex.org/W6939037207"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Anthropology":[0],"and":[1,11,27,39,43,57,86,125],"archaeology":[2],"have":[3,103],"demonstrated":[4],"that":[5,64],"human":[6],"societies":[7],"can":[8],"pass":[9],"hundreds":[10],"even":[12],"thousands":[13],"of":[14,32,47,65,83],"years":[15],"in":[16,91,107],"peace.":[17,140],"Patriarchal":[18],"cultures,":[19],"however,":[20],"go":[21],"to":[22,74,93,136],"war":[23],"rather":[24],"regularly.":[25],"Militarism":[26],"warfare":[28],"are":[29],"continual":[30],"features":[31],"a":[33,49,138],"patriarchal":[34,41,99],"society":[35],"because":[36],"they":[37],"reflect":[38],"instill":[40],"values":[42],"fulfill":[44],"essential":[45],"needs":[46],"such":[48],"system.":[50],"Men":[51],"under":[52],"patriarchy":[53],"must":[54,59,68,78,87],"prove":[55],"dominance":[56],"control,":[58],"distance":[60],"their":[61],"character":[62],"from":[63],"\"lowly\"":[66],"women,":[67],"survive":[69],"the":[70,80,84,111,117,123],"toughest":[71],"violent":[72],"initiation":[73],"enter":[75],"full":[76],"manhood,":[77],"shed":[79],"sacred":[81],"blood":[82],"hero,":[85],"collaborate":[88],"with":[89],"death":[90],"order":[92],"hold":[94],"it":[95],"at":[96],"bay.":[97],"Such":[98],"pressures":[100,119],"on":[101,110],"men":[102],"traditionally":[104],"reached":[105],"resolution":[106],"ritual":[108],"fashion":[109],"battle-field.":[112],"Unless":[113],"peace":[114],"efforts":[115],"address":[116],"cultural":[118],"as":[120,122],"well":[121],"economic":[124],"political":[126],"factors":[127],"pushing":[128],"us":[129],"toward":[130],"war,":[131],"we":[132],"will":[133],"be":[134],"unable":[135],"build":[137],"lasting":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}