{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1971192","doi":null,"title":"The emerging histories of AIDS: three successive paradigms.","display_name":"The emerging histories of AIDS: three successive paradigms.","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1971192","mag":"1971192","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7824691"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:7824691","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7824691","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"History and philosophy of the life sciences","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006054901","display_name":"Elizabeth Fee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E Fee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078276438","display_name":"Nancy Krieger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4815-5947","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4815-5947"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N Krieger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University ("],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University (","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00033014,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"3","first_page":"459","last_page":"87"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14043","display_name":"Historical and modern epidemiology studies","score":0.00430000014603138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13586","display_name":"HIV, TB, and STIs Epidemiology","score":0.0027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aids","display_name":"AIDS","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv","display_name":"HIV","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emerging-infectious-diseases","display_name":"emerging infectious diseases","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epidemic-modeling","display_name":"epidemic modeling","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-disease-model","display_name":"chronic disease model","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pandemic","display_name":"pandemic","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-prevention","display_name":"disease prevention","score":0.48399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-policy","display_name":"health policy","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-policy","display_name":"social policy","score":0.7929999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.7214741706848145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778417375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12214","display_name":"Smallpox","level":3,"score":0.6316986083984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.5592808723449707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778059882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133780","display_name":"Plague (disease)","level":2,"score":0.5472313165664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.5403571128845215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4991118907928467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987552334","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383126","display_name":"Chronic disease","level":2,"score":0.4496191740036011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.3095576763153076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.29669228196144104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22070199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192995","display_name":"Vaccination","level":2,"score":0.22362783551216125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.13287904858589172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.12357327342033386}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000163","descriptor_name":"Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000163","descriptor_name":"Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000163","descriptor_name":"Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000163","descriptor_name":"Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000635","qualifier_name":"transmission","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001294","descriptor_name":"Attitude to Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002908","descriptor_name":"Chronic Disease","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004196","descriptor_name":"Disease Outbreaks","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006291","descriptor_name":"Health Policy","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018451","descriptor_name":"Homosexuality, Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049673","descriptor_name":"History, 20th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:7824691","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7824691","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"History and philosophy of the life sciences","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"mag:1971192","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7824691","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2322549971","https://openalex.org/W1967262952","https://openalex.org/W2079452076","https://openalex.org/W2085687434","https://openalex.org/W2403661991","https://openalex.org/W4245551254","https://openalex.org/W2010657440","https://openalex.org/W2419771207","https://openalex.org/W2125542878","https://openalex.org/W7095179947"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Thinking":[0],"of":[1,10,41,56,86,115,129,147],"AIDS":[2,38,87,179],"as":[3,42,65,76],"an":[4,43],"'emerging":[5],"disease'":[6],"inevitably":[7],"raises":[8],"questions":[9],"comparison.":[11],"In":[12,35,59,78],"the":[13,36,52,57,60,79,107,110,118,126,137,160],"United":[14],"States,":[15],"we":[16,81],"see":[17],"three":[18],"main":[19],"phases":[20],"in":[21,70],"understanding":[22,85],"AIDS,":[23],"with":[24,125],"each":[25],"having":[26],"very":[27],"different":[28],"implications":[29],"for":[30,143,153,178],"health":[31],"and":[32,113,139,149,164,168,173,180],"social":[33],"policy.":[34],"first,":[37],"was":[39,63],"conceived":[40],"epidemic":[44],"disease,":[45,68],"a":[46,66,83,88,92],"'gay":[47],"plague',":[48],"by":[49],"analogy":[50],"to":[51,73,175],"sudden,":[53],"devastating":[54],"epidemics":[55],"past.":[58],"second,":[61],"it":[62,122],"normalized":[64],"chronic":[67,93,119,140,169],"similar":[69],"many":[71],"ways":[72],"diseases":[74,170],"such":[75],"cancer.":[77],"third,":[80],"outline":[82],"new":[84,103],"slow-moving,":[89],"long-lasting":[90],"pandemic,":[91],"infectious":[94,138,167],"ailment":[95],"manifested":[96],"through":[97],"myriad":[98],"specific":[99],"HIV-related":[100],"diseases.":[101,182],"This":[102],"paradigm":[104],"emphasizes,":[105],"like":[106,117],"plague":[108],"model,":[109,121],"etiology,":[111],"transmission,":[112],"prevention":[114],"disease;":[116],"disease":[120,141,148,154],"is":[123],"concerned":[124],"clinical":[127],"management":[128],"protracted":[130],"illness.":[131],"We":[132,156],"do":[133],"criticize,":[134],"however,":[135],"both":[136],"models":[142],"their":[144,150],"individualistic":[145],"conceptions":[146],"narrow":[151],"strategies":[152],"prevention.":[155],"further":[157],"suggest":[158],"that":[159],"traditional":[161],"distinction":[162],"between,":[163],"approaches":[165],"to,":[166],"are":[171],"problematic":[172],"need":[174],"be":[176],"rethought":[177],"other":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}