{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1971168063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.20718","title":"The blood\u2013CSF barrier explained: when development is not immaturity","display_name":"The blood\u2013CSF barrier explained: when development is not immaturity","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-02-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1971168063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.20718","mag":"1971168063","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18293362"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/bies.20718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.20718","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.20718","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27819959","display_name":"BioEssays","issn_l":"0265-9247","issn":["0265-9247","1521-1878"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BioEssays","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043496124","display_name":"Pia\u00a0Annette Johansson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6938-4060","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6938-4060"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pia A. Johansson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia. piaaj@unimelb.edu.au","Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia. piaaj@unimelb.edu.au","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080853712","display_name":"Katarzyna M. Dzi\u0119gielewska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0070-904X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0070-904X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katarzyna M. Dziegielewska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082808793","display_name":"Shane Antony Liddelow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0840-1437","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0840-1437"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shane A. Liddelow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026637187","display_name":"Norman Ruthven Saunders","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6660-7639","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6660-7639"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norman R. Saunders","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia","Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043496124"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"],"apc_list":{"value":5330,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5330},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2669,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":161,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7219917,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"3","first_page":"237","last_page":"248"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11872","display_name":"Barrier Structure and Function Studies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11872","display_name":"Barrier Structure and Function Studies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11406","display_name":"Cerebrospinal fluid and hydrocephalus","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10570","display_name":"Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-cerebrospinal-fluid-barrier","display_name":"blood-CSF barrier","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebrospinal-fluid","display_name":"cerebrospinal fluid","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-development","display_name":"brain development","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tight-junctions","display_name":"tight junctions","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paracellular-pathway","display_name":"paracellular pathway","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcellular-transport","display_name":"transcellular transport","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apparent-permeability","display_name":"apparent permeability","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/csf-protein-concentration","display_name":"CSF protein concentration","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volume-of-distribution","display_name":"volume of distribution","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embryonic-brain","display_name":"embryonic brain","score":0.7580000162124634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60903277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2051926","display_name":"Paracellular transport","level":4,"score":0.8331297636032104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176285220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7833830","display_name":"Transcellular","level":2,"score":0.7564647793769836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779651940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54196","display_name":"Cerebrospinal fluid","level":2,"score":0.6717934012413025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177779419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053832","display_name":"Tight junction","level":2,"score":0.6531403064727783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5799151062965393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.5437260270118713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778402981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221694","display_name":"Blood\u2013brain barrier","level":3,"score":0.542564332485199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776663378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134467","display_name":"Ependyma","level":3,"score":0.5068221688270569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120882062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28352","display_name":"Permeability (electromagnetism)","level":3,"score":0.3369079828262329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.33119767904281616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3224159777164459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.29079753160476685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.15040013194084167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.14988571405410767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41625074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088","display_name":"Membrane","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001812","descriptor_name":"Blood-Brain Barrier","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000196","qualifier_name":"embryology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002555","descriptor_name":"Cerebrospinal Fluid","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002831","descriptor_name":"Choroid Plexus","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008055","descriptor_name":"Lipids","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010539","descriptor_name":"Permeability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/bies.20718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.20718","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.20718","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27819959","display_name":"BioEssays","issn_l":"0265-9247","issn":["0265-9247","1521-1878"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BioEssays","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:18293362","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18293362","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.7246000170707703}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5068972694","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01NS043949-01A1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G698567582","display_name":"Internal environment of the developing brain","funder_award_id":"1r01ns043949-01a1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5ya894"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":85,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W77708633","https://openalex.org/W124018988","https://openalex.org/W564899269","https://openalex.org/W596666113","https://openalex.org/W609865038","https://openalex.org/W989474123","https://openalex.org/W1427639398","https://openalex.org/W1500205904","https://openalex.org/W1532754033","https://openalex.org/W1608769739","https://openalex.org/W1888485870","https://openalex.org/W1963501152","https://openalex.org/W1964285345","https://openalex.org/W1968226098","https://openalex.org/W1970187471","https://openalex.org/W1974641938","https://openalex.org/W1977571185","https://openalex.org/W1977605245","https://openalex.org/W1978032161","https://openalex.org/W1979927143","https://openalex.org/W1981530283","https://openalex.org/W1986885409","https://openalex.org/W1988183526","https://openalex.org/W1990934762","https://openalex.org/W1991440504","https://openalex.org/W1993683854","https://openalex.org/W1998576642","https://openalex.org/W2000411527","https://openalex.org/W2000907119","https://openalex.org/W2006767152","https://openalex.org/W2006900289","https://openalex.org/W2010542466","https://openalex.org/W2013127201","https://openalex.org/W2013134936","https://openalex.org/W2014511160","https://openalex.org/W2017459998","https://openalex.org/W2021050960","https://openalex.org/W2022825458","https://openalex.org/W2023532248","https://openalex.org/W2023750471","https://openalex.org/W2026842789","https://openalex.org/W2027288022","https://openalex.org/W2028072764","https://openalex.org/W2029893586","https://openalex.org/W2032644003","https://openalex.org/W2033030378","https://openalex.org/W2034083807","https://openalex.org/W2036774974","https://openalex.org/W2038644861","https://openalex.org/W2039603009","https://openalex.org/W2042237472","https://openalex.org/W2042862146","https://openalex.org/W2046941779","https://openalex.org/W2047344816","https://openalex.org/W2050974011","https://openalex.org/W2052679565","https://openalex.org/W2055149141","https://openalex.org/W2057718480","https://openalex.org/W2059566175","https://openalex.org/W2059743066","https://openalex.org/W2063329759","https://openalex.org/W2063777609","https://openalex.org/W2069317492","https://openalex.org/W2071629914","https://openalex.org/W2081472976","https://openalex.org/W2085270197","https://openalex.org/W2087666006","https://openalex.org/W2093515825","https://openalex.org/W2120003314","https://openalex.org/W2123238864","https://openalex.org/W2124002755","https://openalex.org/W2131812446","https://openalex.org/W2139372728","https://openalex.org/W2148901047","https://openalex.org/W2156171937","https://openalex.org/W2160975078","https://openalex.org/W2162945322","https://openalex.org/W2195652406","https://openalex.org/W2207449940","https://openalex.org/W2221213490","https://openalex.org/W2326187054","https://openalex.org/W2615273575","https://openalex.org/W2799153656","https://openalex.org/W2884234964","https://openalex.org/W4300530315"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2046941779","https://openalex.org/W2265092044","https://openalex.org/W2048235590","https://openalex.org/W2015829066","https://openalex.org/W2160333751","https://openalex.org/W2053598955","https://openalex.org/W1964938632","https://openalex.org/W2095040028","https://openalex.org/W1573527476","https://openalex.org/W2050115650"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1],"often":[2],"suggested":[3],"that":[4,43,76,93,111,137],"during":[5,39],"development":[6],"the":[7,22,44,49,55,60,65,85,102,150],"brain":[8,143],"barriers":[9],"are":[10,82,126],"immature.":[11],"This":[12],"argument":[13],"stems":[14],"from":[15,129,139],"teleological":[16],"interpretations":[17],"and":[18,31,79,110,134],"experimental":[19],"observations":[20],"of":[21,36,51,71,97],"high":[23],"protein":[24,78,120],"concentrations":[25],"in":[26,33,59,95,104,118,132],"fetal":[27],"cerebrospinal":[28],"fluid":[29],"(CSF)":[30],"decreases":[32],"apparent":[34,105],"permeability":[35,106],"passive":[37,80,108],"markers":[38,81,109],"development.":[40],"We":[41,91],"argue":[42],"developmental":[45],"blood-CSF":[46,123],"barrier":[47],"restricts":[48],"passage":[50],"lipid-insoluble":[52],"molecules":[53],"by":[54],"same":[56],"mechanism":[57],"as":[58],"adult":[61],"(tight":[62],"junctions)":[63],"rendering":[64],"paracellular":[66],"pathway":[67],"an":[68],"unlikely":[69],"route":[70],"entry.":[72],"Instead,":[73],"we":[74],"suggest":[75],"both":[77],"transferred":[83],"across":[84],"epithelium":[86],"through":[87],"a":[88],"transcellular":[89],"route.":[90],"propose":[92],"changes":[94,117],"volume":[96],"distribution":[98],"can":[99],"largely":[100],"explain":[101],"decrease":[103],"for":[107],"developmentally":[112],"regulated":[113],"cellular":[114],"transfer":[115,138],"explains":[116],"CSF":[119,147],"concentrations.":[121],"The":[122],"tight":[124],"junctions":[125],"functionally":[127],"mature":[128],"very":[130],"early":[131],"development,":[133],"it":[135],"appears":[136],"blood":[140],"into":[141],"embryonic":[142],"occurs":[144],"predominately":[145],"via":[146],"rather":[148],"than":[149],"vasculature.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":15}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
