{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1971019017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1873492","title":"Microstructural Changes of Membrane Electrode Assemblies during PEFC Durability Testing at High Humidity Conditions","display_name":"Microstructural Changes of Membrane Electrode Assemblies during PEFC Durability Testing at High Humidity Conditions","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1971019017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1873492","mag":"1971019017"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1149/1.1873492","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1873492","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1873492","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/1.1873492/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S138759888","display_name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","issn_l":"0013-4651","issn":["0013-4651","1945-7111"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311669","host_organization_name":"Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/1.1873492/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110068756","display_name":"Jian Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3546-8792","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3546-8792"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Los Alamos National Laboratory, Electronic and Electrochemical Materials and Devices Group, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA","#N#aLos Alamos National Laboratory, Electronic and Electrochemical Materials and Devices Group,  Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Los Alamos National Laboratory, Electronic and Electrochemical Materials and Devices Group, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N#aLos Alamos National Laboratory, Electronic and Electrochemical Materials and Devices Group,  Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078594567","display_name":"David L. Wood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2471-4214","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2471-4214"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169521973","display_name":"University of New Mexico","ror":"https://ror.org/05fs6jp91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David L. Wood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA","Los Alamos National Laboratory, Electronic and Electrochemical Materials and Devices Group, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA","#N#aLos Alamos National Laboratory, Electronic and Electrochemical Materials and Devices Group,  Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA","#N#bDepartment of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque,  New Mexico 87131, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Los Alamos National Laboratory, Electronic and Electrochemical Materials and Devices Group, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N#aLos Alamos National Laboratory, Electronic and Electrochemical Materials and Devices Group,  Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N#bDepartment of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque,  New Mexico 87131, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018758486","display_name":"Karren L. More","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5223-9097","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5223-9097"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karren L. More","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Corrosion Science and Technology Group, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6064, USA","#N#cOak Ridge National Laboratory, Corrosion Science and Technology Group, Oak Ridge,  Tennessee 37831-6064, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Corrosion Science and Technology Group, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6064, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N#cOak Ridge National Laboratory, Corrosion Science and Technology Group, Oak Ridge,  Tennessee 37831-6064, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080704605","display_name":"Plamen B. Atanassov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2996-472X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2996-472X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169521973","display_name":"University of New Mexico","ror":"https://ror.org/05fs6jp91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Plamen Atanassov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA","#N#bDepartment of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA#N#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N#bDepartment of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA#N#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004179734","display_name":"Rodney L. Borup","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7647-1624","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7647-1624"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rodney L. Borup","raw_affiliation_strings":["Los Alamos National Laboratory, Electronic and Electrochemical Materials and Devices Group, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA","#N#aLos Alamos National Laboratory, Electronic and Electrochemical Materials and Devices Group,  Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Los Alamos National Laboratory, Electronic and Electrochemical Materials and Devices Group, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N#aLos Alamos National Laboratory, Electronic and Electrochemical Materials and Devices Group,  Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1950},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":19.9923,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":379,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99639093,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"152","issue":"5","first_page":"A1011","last_page":"A1011"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10409","display_name":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10409","display_name":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10030","display_name":"Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10311","display_name":"Advancements in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/membrane-electrode-assembly","display_name":"membrane electrode assembly","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proton-exchange-membrane-fuel-cells","display_name":"proton exchange membrane fuel cells","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catalyst-migration","display_name":"catalyst migration","score":0.44600000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catalyst-layer-morphology","display_name":"catalyst layer morphology","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-cell-durability","display_name":"fuel cell durability","score":0.7710000276565552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89395315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181232","display_name":"Anode","level":3,"score":0.7184545993804932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7170809507369995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49110097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175233","display_name":"Cathode","level":2,"score":0.6063284277915955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68801617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162908","display_name":"Electrolyte","level":3,"score":0.5862559080123901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.5787339210510254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5710785388946533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.5609790086746216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780302529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6815127","display_name":"Membrane electrode assembly","level":4,"score":0.52266925573349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778665636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412967","display_name":"Nafion","level":4,"score":0.5038811564445496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778517922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140482","display_name":"Particle (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.4996681213378906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776171763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290308","display_name":"Ionomer","level":4,"score":0.437313973903656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.39905601739883423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7877","display_name":"Electrochemistry","level":3,"score":0.24040645360946655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.21020051836967468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.16308000683784485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.045670658349990845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15920480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421281","display_name":"Copolymer","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1149/1.1873492","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1873492","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1873492","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/1.1873492/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S138759888","display_name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","issn_l":"0013-4651","issn":["0013-4651","1945-7111"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311669","host_organization_name":"Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1149/1.1873492","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1873492","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1873492","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/1.1873492/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S138759888","display_name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","issn_l":"0013-4651","issn":["0013-4651","1945-7111"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311669","host_organization_name":"Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338304","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1971019017.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1971019017.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W577286","https://openalex.org/W3349549","https://openalex.org/W416138308","https://openalex.org/W571043290","https://openalex.org/W647865620","https://openalex.org/W1507412811","https://openalex.org/W1606780594","https://openalex.org/W1776590986","https://openalex.org/W1967124361","https://openalex.org/W1972953322","https://openalex.org/W1981637219","https://openalex.org/W1986090466","https://openalex.org/W1986936332","https://openalex.org/W1989919964","https://openalex.org/W1997465047","https://openalex.org/W2001809903","https://openalex.org/W2002398203","https://openalex.org/W2008173219","https://openalex.org/W2009981131","https://openalex.org/W2027640722","https://openalex.org/W2029716369","https://openalex.org/W2030637764","https://openalex.org/W2030891843","https://openalex.org/W2036281423","https://openalex.org/W2039232015","https://openalex.org/W2044307855","https://openalex.org/W2045248101","https://openalex.org/W2053435732","https://openalex.org/W2064095538","https://openalex.org/W2070695008","https://openalex.org/W2074465501","https://openalex.org/W2079096390","https://openalex.org/W2085024421","https://openalex.org/W2085457808","https://openalex.org/W2091289677","https://openalex.org/W2093038592","https://openalex.org/W2094582258","https://openalex.org/W2110370373","https://openalex.org/W2115191494","https://openalex.org/W2145884973","https://openalex.org/W2149160220","https://openalex.org/W2149220073","https://openalex.org/W2150152551","https://openalex.org/W2158848123","https://openalex.org/W2162001660","https://openalex.org/W2165465120","https://openalex.org/W2205457129","https://openalex.org/W2500201535","https://openalex.org/W4232548410","https://openalex.org/W6602983261"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W266717813","https://openalex.org/W2004742529","https://openalex.org/W2241872616","https://openalex.org/W2201988897","https://openalex.org/W4416606048","https://openalex.org/W4283788170","https://openalex.org/W4240541285","https://openalex.org/W2082479235","https://openalex.org/W2332886852","https://openalex.org/W2071557066"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Morphological":[0],"changes":[1],"occurring":[2],"in":[3],"membrane":[4,136,191],"electrode":[5],"assemblies":[6],"(MEAs)":[7],"were":[8,35,185],"monitored":[9],"using":[10],"transmission":[11],"electron":[12],"microscopy":[13],"(TEM)":[14],"during":[15,82,192],"the":[16,28,48,53,67,83,106,112,129,132,150,165,172,177,190,193],"course":[17],"of":[18,21,60,77,87,105,124,168],"life":[19,73],"testing":[20,74,194],"polymer":[22],"electrolyte":[23],"fuel":[24],"cells":[25],"(PEFCs).":[26],"In":[27],"fresh":[29],"catalyst":[30,61,78,113,126,133,145,152],"layers,":[31],"anode":[32,68,144],"Pt":[33,143,174,180],"particles":[34,62,79,127,181],"found":[36,186],"to":[37,119,187],"have":[38],"smaller":[39],"particle":[40],"sizes,":[41],"better":[42],"dispersion,":[43],"and":[44,69,96,135,157],"less":[45,147],"agglomeration":[46,59],"on":[47],"carbon-support":[49],"surfaces":[50],"than":[51,149,175],"did":[52],"cathode":[54,70,151],"alloy":[55],"particles.":[56],"The":[57,142],"operation-induced":[58],"was":[63,90,137,146,162],"evaluated":[64],"for":[65,171,176],"both":[66,93,140,183],"after":[71],"defined":[72],"periods.":[75],"Agglomeration":[76],"occurred":[80],"primarily":[81],"first":[84],"500":[85,102],"h":[86],"testing,":[88],"which":[89,161],"confirmed":[91,163],"by":[92,164],"TEM":[94],"analysis":[95],"electrocatalytic":[97],"surface":[98],"area":[99],"measurement.":[100],"After":[101],"h,":[103],"degradation":[104],"recast":[107],"Nafion":[108],"ionomer":[109],"network":[110],"within":[111],"layers":[114],"likely":[115],"contributes":[116],"more":[117],"significantly":[118],"MEA":[120],"performance":[121],"degradation.":[122],"Migration":[123],"metal":[125],"toward":[128],"interface":[130],"between":[131],"layer":[134],"observed":[138,170],"at":[139],"electrodes.":[141],"stable":[148],"under":[153],"high":[154,158],"current":[155],"density":[156],"humidity":[159],"conditions,":[160],"higher":[166],"extent":[167],"migration":[169],"pure":[173],".":[178],"Some":[179],"(from":[182],"electrodes)":[184],"migrate":[188],"into":[189],"period.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":37}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
