{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1970738294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3580603","title":"A high-pressure atomic force microscope for imaging in supercritical carbon dioxide","display_name":"A high-pressure atomic force microscope for imaging in supercritical carbon dioxide","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1970738294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3580603","mag":"1970738294","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21529015"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.3580603","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3580603","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3580603","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S31010182","display_name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","issn_l":"0034-6748","issn":["0034-6748","1089-7623","1527-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1052160","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074222284","display_name":"Scott Lea","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4232-1553","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4232-1553"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801280572","display_name":"Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04rc0xn13","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I2801280572","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. S. Lea","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory 1 , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory 1 , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I2801280572"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084279251","display_name":"Steven R. Higgins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0609-9139","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0609-9139"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19648265","display_name":"Wright State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qk6pt94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19648265"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. R. Higgins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wright State University 2 Department of Chemistry, , Dayton, Ohio 45435, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wright State University 2 Department of Chemistry, , Dayton, Ohio 45435, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19648265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020867119","display_name":"Kevin G. Knauss","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1292-5521","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1292-5521"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148283060","display_name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02jbv0t02","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. G. Knauss","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Earth Sciences 3 , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94444, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Earth Sciences 3 , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94444, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148283060"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088380075","display_name":"Kevin M. Rosso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8474-7720","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8474-7720"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. M. Rosso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemical and Materials Sciences Division 4 , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical and Materials Sciences Division 4 , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5634,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81436447,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"82","issue":"4","first_page":"043709","last_page":"043709"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10923","display_name":"Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10923","display_name":"Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10402","display_name":"Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1606","display_name":"Physical and Theoretical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10369","display_name":"Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supercritical-carbon-dioxide","display_name":"supercritical carbon dioxide","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluid-solid-interface","display_name":"fluid-solid interface","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcite-surface","display_name":"calcite surface","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monatomic-steps","display_name":"monatomic steps","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refractive-index","display_name":"refractive index","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-and-pressure-control","display_name":"temperature and pressure control","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interfacial-phenomena","display_name":"interfacial phenomena","score":0.7300000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118419359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682585","display_name":"Supercritical fluid","level":2,"score":0.7638001441955566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7362359762191772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67649825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196538","display_name":"Microscope","level":2,"score":0.47521525621414185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66823137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757568","display_name":"Atomic units","level":2,"score":0.46728000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3704290986061096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.3598642349243164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.14526909589767456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.3580603","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3580603","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3580603","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S31010182","display_name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","issn_l":"0034-6748","issn":["0034-6748","1089-7623","1527-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:21529015","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21529015","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Review of scientific instruments","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1052160","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1052160","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1052160","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:info:ark/67531/metadc846617","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc846617/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400792","display_name":"University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I123534392","host_organization_name":"University of North Texas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal Name: Review of Scientific Instruments; Journal Volume: 82; Journal Issue: 4; Related Information: Journal Publication Date: 2011","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt10c496p7","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/10c496p7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:qt10c496p7","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/10c496p7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Lea, A.S.(2011). A high-pressure atomic force microscope for imaging in supercritical carbon dioxide. Review of Scientific Instruments, 82, 4, 2011. doi: DOI:10.1063/1.3580603. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/10c496p7","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1052160","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1052160","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1052160","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337509","display_name":"Biological and Environmental Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0114b2m14"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337547","display_name":"Laboratory Directed Research and Development","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338354","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1970738294.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1970738294.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965307781","https://openalex.org/W1966850193","https://openalex.org/W1968511474","https://openalex.org/W1971763845","https://openalex.org/W1978361440","https://openalex.org/W1983316441","https://openalex.org/W1986714070","https://openalex.org/W1996614577","https://openalex.org/W2000437906","https://openalex.org/W2001390902","https://openalex.org/W2009321647","https://openalex.org/W2015588154","https://openalex.org/W2016148083","https://openalex.org/W2019449523","https://openalex.org/W2024589514","https://openalex.org/W2025501385","https://openalex.org/W2034348706","https://openalex.org/W2036564595","https://openalex.org/W2036805916","https://openalex.org/W2042698123","https://openalex.org/W2055145067","https://openalex.org/W2060526920","https://openalex.org/W2075925369","https://openalex.org/W2083984852","https://openalex.org/W2087095323","https://openalex.org/W2100090521","https://openalex.org/W2104872273","https://openalex.org/W2162123284"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001390902","https://openalex.org/W4300055645","https://openalex.org/W3115791243","https://openalex.org/W2918458746","https://openalex.org/W2795568877","https://openalex.org/W1996416493","https://openalex.org/W2955180792","https://openalex.org/W1971238758","https://openalex.org/W2085888854","https://openalex.org/W7144820061"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,54],"high-pressure":[1],"atomic":[2,10,117],"force":[3],"microscope":[4],"(AFM)":[5],"that":[6,99],"enables":[7],"in":[8,18,65,78,115,126,147],"situ,":[9],"scale":[11,118],"measurements":[12],"of":[13,15,34,74,95,120],"topography":[14],"solid":[16],"surfaces":[17],"contact":[19],"with":[20,112],"supercritical":[21,67],"CO(2)":[22],"(scCO(2))":[23],"fluids":[24,68],"has":[25],"been":[26],"developed.":[27],"This":[28,142],"apparatus":[29,114],"overcomes":[30],"the":[31,35,79,83,101,107,137],"pressure":[32,75],"limitations":[33],"hydrothermal":[36],"AFM":[37,144],"and":[38,76,89,105,132],"is":[39,82],"designed":[40],"to":[41,45,51,150],"handle":[42],"pressures":[43],"up":[44,50],"100":[46],"atm":[47],"at":[48,153],"temperatures":[49],"\u223c350":[52],"K.":[53],"standard":[55],"optically-based":[56],"cantilever":[57],"deflection":[58],"detection":[59],"system":[60],"was":[61],"chosen.":[62],"When":[63],"imaging":[64,90,119],"compressible":[66],"such":[69],"as":[70],"scCO(2),":[71],"precise":[72],"control":[73],"temperature":[77],"fluid":[80,96,102],"cell":[81],"primary":[84],"technical":[85],"challenge.":[86],"Noise":[87],"levels":[88],"resolution":[91],"depend":[92],"on":[93,136],"minimization":[94],"density":[97],"fluctuations":[98],"change":[100],"refractive":[103],"index":[104],"hence":[106],"laser":[108],"path.":[109],"We":[110],"demonstrate":[111],"our":[113],"situ":[116,148],"a":[121],"calcite":[122],"(CaCO(3))":[123],"mineral":[124],"surface":[125,139],"scCO(2);":[127],"both":[128],"single,":[129],"monatomic":[130],"steps":[131],"dynamic":[133],"processes":[134],"occurring":[135],"(1014)":[138],"are":[140],"presented.":[141],"new":[143],"provides":[145],"unprecedented":[146],"access":[149],"interfacial":[151],"phenomena":[152],"solid-fluid":[154],"interfaces":[155],"under":[156],"pressure.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
