{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1970610994","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.1830250511","title":"Generation of antigen\u2010specific CD4+ T cell lines from naive precursors","display_name":"Generation of antigen\u2010specific CD4+ T cell lines from naive precursors","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1970610994","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.1830250511","mag":"1970610994","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7774624"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/eji.1830250511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.1830250511","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.1830250511","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126191069","display_name":"European Journal of Immunology","issn_l":"0014-2980","issn":["0014-2980","1521-4141"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091616904","display_name":"Anita Mehta-Damani","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anita Mehta\u2010Damani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA","Dept of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091137906","display_name":"Sergiusz Markowicz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1280-6514","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1280-6514"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergiusz Markowicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA","Dept of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034001543","display_name":"Edgar G. Engleman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2096-9279","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2096-9279"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Edgar G. Engleman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA","Dept of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034001543"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":{"value":4550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8542,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":83,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85836737,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"5","first_page":"1206","last_page":"1211"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.961899995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.961899995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10580","display_name":"Immunotherapy and Immune Responses","score":0.037700001150369644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10112","display_name":"HIV Research and Treatment","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antigen-specific-t-cell-lines","display_name":"antigen-specific T cell lines","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naive-cd4-t-cells","display_name":"naive CD4+ T cells","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-cell-sensitization","display_name":"T cell sensitization","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dendritic-cells","display_name":"dendritic cells","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macrophages","display_name":"macrophages","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keyhole-limpet-hemocyanin","display_name":"keyhole limpet hemocyanin","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sperm-whale-myoglobin","display_name":"sperm whale myoglobin","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cd45ra","display_name":"CD45RA","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cd45ro-t-cells","display_name":"CD45RO+ memory T cells","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interleukin-2","display_name":"interleukin-2","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/il-4","display_name":"IL-4","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-cell-proliferation","display_name":"T cell proliferation","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antigen-presentation","display_name":"antigen presentation","score":0.5440000295639038}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147483822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103537","display_name":"Antigen","level":2,"score":0.7479227781295776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6857184767723083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81444415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7243535","display_name":"Priming (agriculture)","level":3,"score":0.6124101877212524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39347974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21135811","display_name":"CD40","level":4,"score":0.5788393020629883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776727803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1496686","display_name":"Keyhole limpet hemocyanin","level":3,"score":0.5640968084335327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67662055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1047791","display_name":"Antigen-presenting cell","level":4,"score":0.5222957134246826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776090121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193529","display_name":"T cell","level":3,"score":0.5179956555366516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.5028197169303894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4889482259750366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129374314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909381","display_name":"Interleukin 21","level":4,"score":0.46004772186279297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153911025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202","display_name":"Molecular biology","level":1,"score":0.43116477131843567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777371288","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410130","display_name":"Interleukin 2","level":3,"score":0.4296516180038452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154317977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376266","display_name":"Cytotoxic T cell","level":3,"score":0.42103493213653564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908822","display_name":"Toxoid","level":4,"score":0.4160056710243225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.32475030422210693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.29618704319000244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167672396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417800","display_name":"CD8","level":3,"score":0.2638745903968811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1415366","display_name":"Immunization","level":3,"score":0.12614694237709045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.11243578791618347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.07866084575653076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100701293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193838","display_name":"Germination","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000941","descriptor_name":"Antigens","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003713","descriptor_name":"Dendritic Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006433","descriptor_name":"Hemocyanins","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008264","descriptor_name":"Macrophages","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009211","descriptor_name":"Myoglobin","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011498","descriptor_name":"Protein Precursors","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014907","descriptor_name":"Whales","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015496","descriptor_name":"CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015496","descriptor_name":"CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015686","descriptor_name":"Gene Products, env","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016176","descriptor_name":"T-Lymphocyte Subsets","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017493","descriptor_name":"Leukocyte Common Antigens","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017951","descriptor_name":"Antigen Presentation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019302","descriptor_name":"HIV Envelope Protein gp160","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/eji.1830250511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.1830250511","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.1830250511","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126191069","display_name":"European Journal of Immunology","issn_l":"0014-2980","issn":["0014-2980","1521-4141"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:7774624","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7774624","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European journal of immunology","raw_type":"Comparative Study"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2416601684","display_name":"SCOR IN TRANSFUSION MEDICINE","funder_award_id":"P50HL033811","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3983657193","display_name":"THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION &IMMUNOLOGY OF HIV NONTARGETS","funder_award_id":"R01AI034313","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5635239627","display_name":"HIV SPECIFIC ALLOGENEIC CELLULAR IMMUNOTHERAPY","funder_award_id":"U19AI036608","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483529363","https://openalex.org/W1560041852","https://openalex.org/W1568059997","https://openalex.org/W1601344030","https://openalex.org/W1969376748","https://openalex.org/W1974789987","https://openalex.org/W1977380444","https://openalex.org/W2009607549","https://openalex.org/W2010584394","https://openalex.org/W2034551415","https://openalex.org/W2035442000","https://openalex.org/W2036553275","https://openalex.org/W2047413254","https://openalex.org/W2053283022","https://openalex.org/W2067231320","https://openalex.org/W2083712519","https://openalex.org/W2106694095","https://openalex.org/W2127803059","https://openalex.org/W2132152367","https://openalex.org/W2140202337","https://openalex.org/W2164277825","https://openalex.org/W2169879659","https://openalex.org/W2259178548","https://openalex.org/W2261565571","https://openalex.org/W2410656847"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7099592609","https://openalex.org/W2127800073","https://openalex.org/W1880878691","https://openalex.org/W108004403","https://openalex.org/W1558688513","https://openalex.org/W2050392364","https://openalex.org/W2112625426","https://openalex.org/W1535415917","https://openalex.org/W1968298131","https://openalex.org/W2055932480"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"conditions":[1],"required":[2],"for":[3,23],"sensitizing":[4],"naive":[5,235],"T":[6,27,36,83,115,143,181,221,237],"cells":[7,28,37,70,84,116,215,227,238,254],"to":[8,56,95,119,126,190,192,219,244],"nominal":[9,245],"antigen":[10,162,195,264],"are":[11],"poorly":[12,118],"understood.":[13],"In":[14,76,110],"this":[15],"report":[16],"we":[17],"describe":[18],"an":[19],"in":[20,64,156,166,196,242],"vitro":[21,243],"system":[22],"generating":[24],"antigen-specific":[25,220],"CD4+":[26,35,82,142,236],"from":[29,148],"previously":[30],"unprimed":[31],"individuals.":[32],"Freshly":[33],"isolated":[34],"were":[38,106,146,208],"cultured":[39],"with":[40,161,169],"keyhole":[41],"limpet":[42],"hemocyanin":[43],"(KLH),":[44],"sperm":[45],"whale":[46],"myoglobin":[47],"(SWM),":[48],"or":[49,72,85,136],"human":[50,234],"immunodeficiency":[51],"virus":[52],"(HIV)":[53],"gp160,":[54,100],"antigens":[55,105,246],"which":[57],"most":[58],"persons":[59],"have":[60],"not":[61],"been":[62,154],"sensitized,":[63],"the":[65,104,149,174,184,193,197,203,213,225,252],"presence":[66,176],"of":[67,177,199],"either":[68,134],"dendritic":[69],"(DC)":[71],"macrophages":[73],"(M":[74],"phi).":[75],"short-term":[77],"(<":[78],"8":[79],"days)":[80],"cultures,":[81],"their":[86,188,263],"CD4+,":[87,112],"CD45RA":[88,204,214],"(naive)":[89],"subpopulation":[90],"mounted":[91],"significant":[92],"proliferative":[93],"responses":[94],"KLH,":[96],"SWM,":[97],"and":[98,140,163,171,205,210,250],"HIV":[99],"but":[101],"only":[102],"if":[103],"presented":[107,132,247],"by":[108,133,248],"DC.":[109],"contrast,":[111],"CD45RO":[113,206,226],"(memory)":[114],"responded":[117,124],"these":[120,178],"antigens,":[121],"although":[122],"they":[123],"vigorously":[125],"tetanus":[127],"toxoid,":[128],"a":[129],"recall":[130],"antigen,":[131],"DC":[135,249],"M":[137,164],"phi.":[138],"KLH-":[139],"SWM-specific":[141],"cell":[144,182,222],"lines":[145,186,260],"established":[147],"starting":[150],"population":[151],"that":[152,233,251,261],"had":[153],"sensitized":[155,209,241,253],"vitro,":[157],"following":[158],"repeated":[159],"stimulation":[160],"phi":[165],"medium":[167],"supplemented":[168],"interleukin-2":[170],"interleukin-4.":[172],"Despite":[173],"continued":[175],"cytokines":[179],"during":[180],"expansion,":[183],"expanded":[185,211,257],"retained":[187],"ability":[189],"respond":[191],"priming":[194],"absence":[198],"exogenous":[200],"cytokines.":[201],"When":[202],"subpopulations":[207],"separately,":[212],"alone":[216],"gave":[217],"rise":[218],"lines,":[223],"while":[224],"proliferated":[228],"nonspecifically.":[229],"These":[230],"results":[231],"demonstrate":[232],"can":[239,255],"be":[240,256],"into":[258],"long-term":[259],"retain":[262],"specificity.":[265]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}