{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1970608573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03056244.2013.872615","title":"Oil and the Post-Amnesty Programme (PAP): what prospects for sustainable development and peace in the Niger Delta?","display_name":"Oil and the Post-Amnesty Programme (PAP): what prospects for sustainable development and peace in the Niger Delta?","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-04-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1970608573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03056244.2013.872615","mag":"1970608573"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/03056244.2013.872615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03056244.2013.872615","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03056244.2013.872615","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36169284","display_name":"Review of African Political Economy","issn_l":"0305-6244","issn":["0305-6244","1740-1720"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Review of African Political Economy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03056244.2013.872615","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049122101","display_name":"Cyril Obi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8440-4269","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8440-4269"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1284584826","display_name":"Social Science Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/006cvnv84","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284584826"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cyril Obi","raw_affiliation_strings":["African Peacebuilding Network (APN) Program, Social Science Research Council, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"African Peacebuilding Network (APN) Program, Social Science Research Council, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1284584826"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049122101"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1284584826"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.2987,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9769336,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"140","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11823","display_name":"Natural Resources and Economic Development","score":0.8335000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11823","display_name":"Natural Resources and Economic Development","score":0.8335000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12263","display_name":"Peacebuilding and International Security","score":0.1177000030875206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10070","display_name":"Political Conflict and Governance","score":0.014600000344216824,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/niger-delta","display_name":"Niger Delta","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peacebuilding","display_name":"peacebuilding","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amnesty","display_name":"amnesty","score":0.4690000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oil-interests","display_name":"oil interests","score":0.45100000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elite-interests","display_name":"elite interests","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-politics","display_name":"state politics","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peace-and-justice","display_name":"peace and justice","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insurgency","display_name":"insurgency","score":0.3580000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oil-extraction","display_name":"oil extraction","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-development","display_name":"sustainable development","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-economy-of-oil","display_name":"political economy of oil","score":0.5720000267028809}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778976748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185943","display_name":"Amnesty","level":3,"score":0.951115608215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781395907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2632158","display_name":"Peacebuilding","level":2,"score":0.7618848085403442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.6512426733970642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775987171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192797","display_name":"Elite","level":3,"score":0.6166267991065979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993759428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29412","display_name":"Niger delta","level":3,"score":0.5583817958831787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5210161209106445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5182323455810547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.4970071613788605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.44603610038757324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.3937847316265106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.3648759126663208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.32957398891448975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.29199522733688354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.22216585278511047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.21571433544158936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.14875856041908264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5072461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49506","display_name":"Delta","level":2,"score":0.13825297355651855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08750808238983154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/03056244.2013.872615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03056244.2013.872615","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03056244.2013.872615","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36169284","display_name":"Review of African Political Economy","issn_l":"0305-6244","issn":["0305-6244","1740-1720"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Review of African Political Economy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:140:p:249-263","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.872615","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/03056244.2013.872615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03056244.2013.872615","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03056244.2013.872615","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36169284","display_name":"Review of African Political Economy","issn_l":"0305-6244","issn":["0305-6244","1740-1720"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Review of African Political Economy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W573340168","https://openalex.org/W599301979","https://openalex.org/W1562475577","https://openalex.org/W1951031584","https://openalex.org/W1977697100","https://openalex.org/W1988848262","https://openalex.org/W1993006325","https://openalex.org/W2008562090","https://openalex.org/W2018611766","https://openalex.org/W2021794352","https://openalex.org/W2080732361","https://openalex.org/W2086448241","https://openalex.org/W2256737309","https://openalex.org/W3113609696","https://openalex.org/W3121729757","https://openalex.org/W3123889310","https://openalex.org/W3126027804","https://openalex.org/W4301050105"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7104443238","https://openalex.org/W7203785781","https://openalex.org/W7047393971","https://openalex.org/W2793967462","https://openalex.org/W7168161611","https://openalex.org/W2098057915","https://openalex.org/W1491049614","https://openalex.org/W2321199367","https://openalex.org/W2200949950","https://openalex.org/W3134609652"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1,78],"explores":[2],"the":[3,11,19,36,41,46,49,59,72,75,81,91],"Post-Amnesty":[4],"Programme":[5],"(PAP),":[6],"launched":[7],"in":[8,18,26],"2009":[9],"following":[10,37],"decision":[12],"of":[13,48,74],"some":[14],"insurgent":[15],"militia":[16],"leaders":[17],"Niger":[20],"Delta":[21],"to":[22,70,89],"\u2018drop":[23],"their":[24],"weapons":[25],"exchange":[27],"for":[28,93],"peace\u2019":[29],"with":[30],"Nigeria's":[31],"federal":[32],"government.":[33],"It":[34],"addresses":[35],"questions:":[38],"how":[39],"has":[40],"PAP":[42,82],"been":[43],"shaped":[44],"by":[45,96],"politics":[47],"Nigerian":[50],"state,":[51],"and":[52,54,63,99],"elite":[53],"transnational":[55],"oil":[56,94],"interests?":[57],"Is":[58],"trade-off":[60],"between":[61],"peace":[62,68],"justice":[64],"sustainable":[65],"when":[66],"such":[67],"fails":[69],"address":[71],"roots":[73],"grievances?":[76],"The":[77],"argues":[79],"that":[80],"is":[83],"an":[84],"unsustainable":[85],"state-imposed":[86],"peacebuilding":[87],"project":[88],"preserve":[90],"conditions":[92],"extraction":[95],"local,":[97],"national":[98],"global":[100],"actors.":[101]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
