{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1970488137","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4043/4969-ms","title":"Beaufort Sea Ice Scour Analysis Using a Computerized Data Base","display_name":"Beaufort Sea Ice Scour Analysis Using a Computerized Data Base","publication_year":1985,"publication_date":"1985-05-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1970488137","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4043/4969-ms","mag":"1970488137"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4043/4969-ms","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4043/4969-ms","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4043/4969-ms","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306521389","display_name":"Offshore Technology Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Offshore Technology Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022237907","display_name":"G.A. Gilbert","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G.A. Gilbert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geoterrex Ltd"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geoterrex Ltd","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109149796","display_name":"Stephan Blasco","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327020802","display_name":"Geological Survey of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/03wm7z656","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281735042","https://openalex.org/I1327020802","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.A. Blasco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geological Survey of Canada","Geological Survey of Canada*"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geological Survey of Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327020802"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geological Survey of Canada*","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327020802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037911284","display_name":"Anthony F. Stirbys","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A.F. Stirbys","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gulf Canada Resources Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gulf Canada Resources Inc","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045698567","display_name":"C F M Lewis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5162-3345","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5162-3345"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327020802","display_name":"Geological Survey of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/03wm7z656","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281735042","https://openalex.org/I1327020802","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C.F.M. Lewis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geological Survey of Canada","Geological Survey of Canada*"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geological Survey of Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327020802"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geological Survey of Canada*","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327020802"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.04597701,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.7871000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.7871000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13925","display_name":"Offshore Engineering and Technologies","score":0.09560000151395798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13193","display_name":"Geological Studies and Exploration","score":0.03150000050663948,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ice-scour","display_name":"ice scour","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seabed-scour","display_name":"seabed scour","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/submarine-pipelines","display_name":"offshore pipelines","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beaufort-sea","display_name":"Beaufort Sea","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-scan-sonar","display_name":"side-scan sonar","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pressure-ridges","display_name":"pressure ridges","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bathymetry","display_name":"bathymetry","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sediment-infilling","display_name":"sediment infilling","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-assessment","display_name":"risk assessment","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sub-bottom-profiling","display_name":"sub-bottom profiling","score":0.6489999890327454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778805511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713","display_name":"Citation","level":2,"score":0.5902363657951355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781113848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2915366","display_name":"Geological survey","level":2,"score":0.42261844873428345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.383445143699646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3554661273956299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.35057729482650757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.3460637331008911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.3288993835449219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.26998353004455566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.12336859107017517}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4043/4969-ms","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4043/4969-ms","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4043/4969-ms","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306521389","display_name":"Offshore Technology Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Offshore Technology Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.7799999713897705}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2997386600","https://openalex.org/W2915744857","https://openalex.org/W2363440148","https://openalex.org/W4317642157","https://openalex.org/W2602097474","https://openalex.org/W2317510431","https://openalex.org/W1974749013","https://openalex.org/W134931362","https://openalex.org/W1990811139"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"To":[1,417],"facilitate":[2],"the":[3,21,49,57,115,130,169,173,193,203,213,231,240,260,290,315,332,373,429,436,463,473],"assessment":[4],"of":[5,146,172,179,188,195,206,215,221,230,239,256,262,268,281,318,327,421,424,454,462,472,476],"seabottom":[6],"ice":[7,13,190,222,241,319,388,478],"scours":[8,63],"on":[9,53,60,154,168],"pipelines,'":[10],"a":[11,40,67,143,199,252,337,359,411],"computerized":[12,338],"scour":[14,51,118,138,161,223,232,242,269,320,329,389,405,479],"data":[15,32,42,70,132,228,321,335,339,342,368,390,415,427,437,465],"base":[16],"has":[17,344,380,441],"been":[18,287,345,382,433,442],"established":[19],"for":[20,129,142,151,212,244,351,366,372],"Canadian":[22,174],"Beaufort":[23,175,291,374,430],"Sea.":[24],"Side":[25],"scan":[26,166],"sonar,":[27],"bathymetric":[28],"and":[29,37,55,72,86,104,110,120,181,225,273,283,300,302,362,407,449,468],"sub-bottom":[30],"profile":[31],"are":[33,64,91,177],"digitized,":[34],"computer":[35,377],"processed,":[36],"incorporated":[38,434],"into":[39,435],"location-referenced":[41],"file.":[43],"The":[44,186,310,452],"digitization":[45],"process":[46],"includes":[47],"outlining":[48],"discrete":[50],"events":[52,258],"sonographs":[54],"tracing":[56],"seabed":[58],"profiles":[59],"echographs.":[61],"Individual":[62],"defined":[65],"in":[66,192,276,289,305,410,419],"27":[68],"column":[69],"file":[71],"characterized":[73],"by":[74,93,164,384,394,400],"1ocation,":[75],"orientation,":[76],"length,":[77],"width,":[78],"form,":[79],"smoothness,":[80],"sediment":[81,84],"infilling,":[82],"associated":[83],"type":[85],"other":[87],"features.":[88],"Scour":[89,101],"depths":[90],"derived'":[92],"automatic":[94],"measurement":[95],"from":[96,331,428],"computer-normalized":[97],"echo":[98],"sounder":[99],"profiles.":[100],"parameter":[102,330],"distributions":[103],"inter-relationships":[105],"can":[106,126],"be":[107,127,149,445],"statistically":[108],"analyzed":[109],"graphically":[111],"illustrated.":[112],"In":[113],"addition,":[114],"relationships":[116],"between":[117],"parameters":[119,233,406],"environmental":[121],"conditions":[122,147],"such":[123,216],"as":[124,249],"bathymetry":[125],"examined":[128],"entire":[131],"set":[133],"or":[134],"selected":[135],"subsets.":[136],"This":[137,439],"analysis":[139,317,343,378,480],"technique":[140,379,440],"allows":[141],"full":[144],"range":[145],"to":[148,202,235,336,403,444,458,469],"tested":[150],"potential":[152],"impact":[153],"Arctic":[155],"marine":[156],"pipeline":[157],"design.":[158],"INTRODUCTION":[159],"Ice":[160],"marks":[162],"identified":[163],"side":[165],"sonar":[167],"continental":[170],"shelf":[171],"Sea":[176,375,431],"evidence":[178],"historic":[180],"recent":[182],"ice/seafloor":[183],"interactions.":[184],"(4)":[185],"grounding":[187],"sea":[189,263],"(generally":[191],"form":[194],"pressure":[196],"ridges)":[197],"represents":[198,251],"geologic":[200,254,266],"hazard":[201],"safe":[204],"installation":[205],"subsea":[207],"petroleum":[208],"facilities.":[209],"Adequate":[210],"design":[211],"protection":[214],"structures":[217],"requires":[218],"an":[219,226,323,395,460],"understanding":[220],"processes":[224,267],"accurate":[227,324,448],"base'":[229],"critical":[234,312],"risk":[236],"assessment.":[237],"Analysis":[238],"record":[243],"engineering":[245],"purposes":[246],"is":[247,358,391,457],"problematic":[248],"it":[250],"cumulative":[253],"history":[255],"scouring":[257],"including":[259],"effects":[261],"level":[264],"changes,":[265],"degradation":[270],"(sedimentation,":[271],"erosion)":[272],"temporal":[274],"variations":[275],"sea-ice":[277],"conditions.":[278],"A":[279,376],"number":[280],"statistical":[282,316],"interpretive":[284],"studies":[285],"have":[286,432],"undertaken":[288],"Sea,":[292],"(e.g.":[293],"1,":[294],"2,":[295],"3,":[296],"4,":[297],"5,":[298],"6,":[299],"7)":[301],"more":[303],"recently":[304,381],"numerous":[306],"proprietary":[307],"industry":[308],"studies.":[309],"most":[311],"phase":[313],"preceding":[314],"involves":[322],"interpretative":[325,474],"transfer":[326],"each":[328],"analogue":[333],"acoustic":[334,426],"base.":[340,416,438],"Traditionally,":[341],"done":[346],"manually":[347],"using":[348],"measuring":[349],"scales":[350],"lengths,":[352],"widths,":[353],"orientations,":[354],"etc.":[355],"However":[356],"this":[357,455,477],"tedious,":[360],"subjective":[361],"costly":[363],"process,":[364],"particularly":[365],"large":[367],"sets":[369],"which":[370],"exist":[371],"developed":[383],"Geoterrex":[385],"Ltd.":[386],"whereby":[387],"first":[392],"digitized":[393],"experienced":[396],"interpreter,":[397],"subsequently":[398],"processed":[399],"specialized":[401],"software":[402],"generate":[404],"finally":[408],"listed":[409],"comprehensive":[412],"location":[413],"referenced":[414],"date,":[418],"excess":[420],"5,000":[422],"km":[423],"industry/government":[425],"found":[443],"both":[446],"highly":[447],"time":[450],"efficient.":[451],"object":[453],"paper":[456],"present":[459],"overview":[461],"various":[464],"processing":[466],"methods":[467],"illustrate":[470],"some":[471],"capabilities":[475],"system.":[481]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-23T05:00:35.095934","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
