{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1970459010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/art.20048","title":"Normative values for the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index: Benchmarking disability in the general population","display_name":"Normative values for the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index: Benchmarking disability in the general population","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1970459010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/art.20048","mag":"1970459010","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15022339"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/art.20048","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/art.20048","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/art.20048","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132787887","display_name":"Arthritis & Rheumatism","issn_l":"0004-3591","issn":["0004-3591","1529-0131"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033888363","display_name":"Eswar Krishnan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7643-6765","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7643-6765"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eswar Krishnan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA. eswar_krishnan@hotmail.com","Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, and Clinical Research Center of Reading, Reading, Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA. eswar_krishnan@hotmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, and Clinical Research Center of Reading, Reading, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065394113","display_name":"Tuulikki Sokka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6972-5603","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6972-5603"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tuulikki Sokka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Central Hospital, Jyvaskyla, Finland and Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Central Hospital, Jyvaskyla, Finland and Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080909344","display_name":"ARJA H. H\u00c4KKINEN","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5779-1259","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5779-1259"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140036","display_name":"Central Finland Health Care District","ror":"https://ror.org/054h11b04","country_code":"FI","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140036"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arja H\u00e4kkinen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Central Hospital, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Central Hospital, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140036"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049772201","display_name":"Helen B. Hubert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3079-437X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3079-437X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Helen Hubert","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u2020 Stanford University, Palo Alto, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2020 Stanford University, Palo Alto, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047209809","display_name":"Pekka Hannonen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140036","display_name":"Central Finland Health Care District","ror":"https://ror.org/054h11b04","country_code":"FI","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140036"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pekka Hannonen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Central Hospital, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Central Hospital, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140036"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.14,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":213,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95375602,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"3","first_page":"953","last_page":"960"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10084","display_name":"Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation","score":0.79830002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10084","display_name":"Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation","score":0.79830002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12811","display_name":"Aging, Health, and Disability","score":0.08070000261068344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10200","display_name":"Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies","score":0.02800000086426735,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-assessment-questionnaire-disability-index","display_name":"HAQ-DI","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-disability","display_name":"functional disability","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reference-values","display_name":"reference values","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-population","display_name":"general population","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disability-prevalence","display_name":"disability prevalence","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-related-disability","display_name":"age-related disability","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pain","display_name":"pain","score":0.5189999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-rated-health","display_name":"self-rated health","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-attainment","display_name":"educational attainment","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-mass-index","display_name":"body mass index","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise","display_name":"physical activity","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking","display_name":"smoking","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-behavior","display_name":"health behavior","score":0.44699999690055847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7215182781219482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.6173707246780396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44725695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288156","display_name":"Normative","level":2,"score":0.6120737195014954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.5986834168434143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.5399819016456604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.5030142664909363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.4252772331237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.38192373514175415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.3613797426223755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1916123330593109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.10829150676727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000375","descriptor_name":"Aging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000375","descriptor_name":"Aging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000375","descriptor_name":"Aging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004185","descriptor_name":"Disability Evaluation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004185","descriptor_name":"Disability Evaluation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004185","descriptor_name":"Disability Evaluation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004493","descriptor_name":"Education","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004493","descriptor_name":"Education","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004493","descriptor_name":"Education","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006304","descriptor_name":"Health Status","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006304","descriptor_name":"Health Status","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006304","descriptor_name":"Health Status","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009765","descriptor_name":"Obesity","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009765","descriptor_name":"Obesity","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009765","descriptor_name":"Obesity","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010146","descriptor_name":"Pain","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010146","descriptor_name":"Pain","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010146","descriptor_name":"Pain","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012016","descriptor_name":"Reference Values","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012016","descriptor_name":"Reference Values","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012016","descriptor_name":"Reference Values","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015444","descriptor_name":"Exercise","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015444","descriptor_name":"Exercise","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015444","descriptor_name":"Exercise","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016018","descriptor_name":"Least-Squares Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016018","descriptor_name":"Least-Squares Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016018","descriptor_name":"Least-Squares Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019985","descriptor_name":"Benchmarking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019985","descriptor_name":"Benchmarking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019985","descriptor_name":"Benchmarking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/art.20048","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/art.20048","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/art.20048","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132787887","display_name":"Arthritis & Rheumatism","issn_l":"0004-3591","issn":["0004-3591","1529-0131"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:15022339","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15022339","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Arthritis and rheumatism","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9940000176429749,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W34674819","https://openalex.org/W127677864","https://openalex.org/W350025413","https://openalex.org/W1481639607","https://openalex.org/W1493966058","https://openalex.org/W1507427161","https://openalex.org/W1836738882","https://openalex.org/W1965011308","https://openalex.org/W1971921710","https://openalex.org/W1973665628","https://openalex.org/W1981591655","https://openalex.org/W1985004174","https://openalex.org/W2004497980","https://openalex.org/W2028541728","https://openalex.org/W2048131140","https://openalex.org/W2051909423","https://openalex.org/W2078516665","https://openalex.org/W2081476654","https://openalex.org/W2115981397","https://openalex.org/W2146002757","https://openalex.org/W2155865143","https://openalex.org/W2167830946","https://openalex.org/W2168536185","https://openalex.org/W2329684045","https://openalex.org/W4240573145","https://openalex.org/W4246920066","https://openalex.org/W4249736050","https://openalex.org/W4318900693"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7095076676","https://openalex.org/W2549947588","https://openalex.org/W3111753818","https://openalex.org/W2051909423","https://openalex.org/W2151658306","https://openalex.org/W1963993734","https://openalex.org/W2331525891","https://openalex.org/W2595351253","https://openalex.org/W4390695717","https://openalex.org/W2979161348"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"The":[1,55,117,150,167,215],"Health":[2],"Assessment":[3],"Questionnaire":[4],"(HAQ)":[5],"disability":[6,18,79,145,170,199],"index":[7,29,89],"(DI)":[8],"has":[9,194],"been":[10],"commonly":[11],"used":[12,111,228],"in":[13,19,45,64,71,202,211],"rheumatology":[14],"to":[15,37,50,112],"quantify":[16],"functional":[17,144,196],"patient":[20],"groups,":[21],"but":[22],"current":[23],"general":[24,47,192],"population":[25,48,119,193],"values":[26,40,217],"of":[27,59,68,78,82,131,169,175,177,184,190,218,241],"this":[28,239],"are":[30],"not":[31],"available.":[32],"This":[33],"study":[34],"was":[35,62,123,153],"undertaken":[36],"establish":[38],"normative":[39,216],"for":[41,139,142,233],"the":[42,72,114,191,219],"HAQ":[43,56,121,151,220],"DI":[44,57,122,152,221],"a":[46,65,212,230],"and":[49,91,96,105,129,141,160,181,207,235],"analyze":[51,113],"its":[52],"correlates.":[53],"METHODS:":[54],"(range":[58],"scores":[60],"0-3)":[61],"measured":[63],"random":[66],"sample":[67],"1,530":[69],"adults":[70],"Central":[73],"Finland":[74],"District.":[75],"Prevalence":[76],"rates":[77],"by":[80],"strata":[81],"age,":[83],"sex,":[84],"education":[85],"level,":[86],"body":[87],"mass":[88],"(BMI),":[90],"health":[92],"behaviors":[93],"(including":[94],"smoking":[95],"exercise":[97],"habits)":[98],"were":[99,110],"calculated.":[100],"Pearson's":[101],"product-moment":[102],"correlation":[103],"coefficient":[104],"ordinary":[106],"least":[107,135],"squares":[108],"regression":[109],"data.":[115],"RESULTS:":[116],"estimated":[118],"mean":[120],"0.25":[124],"(95%":[125],"confidence":[126],"interval":[127],"0.22-0.28),":[128],"32%":[130],"respondents":[132],"had":[133],"at":[134],"some":[136,195],"disability.":[137,197,242],"Both":[138],"men":[140],"women,":[143],"increased":[146],"exponentially":[147],"with":[148,155,172,204,209],"age.":[149],"correlated":[154],"pain":[156],"(r":[157,164],"=":[158,165],"0.58)":[159],"global":[161],"self":[162],"assessment":[163],"0.61).":[166],"prevalence":[168],"decreased":[171],"increasing":[173,182],"number":[174],"years":[176],"education,":[178],"lower":[179],"BMI,":[180],"frequency":[183],"physical":[185],"exercise.":[186],"CONCLUSION:":[187],"Almost":[188],"one-third":[189],"Functional":[198],"is":[200],"associated":[201],"part":[203],"lifestyle":[205],"choices":[206],"increases":[208],"age":[210],"nonlinear":[213],"manner.":[214],"that":[222],"we":[223],"have":[224],"presented":[225],"could":[226],"be":[227],"as":[229],"reference":[231],"benchmark":[232],"clinical":[234],"epidemiologic":[236],"studies":[237],"using":[238],"measure":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
