{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1970449529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.59.1121","title":"The 1986 adjustment of the fundamental physical constants","display_name":"The 1986 adjustment of the fundamental physical constants","publication_year":1987,"publication_date":"1987-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1970449529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.59.1121","mag":"1970449529"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1103/revmodphys.59.1121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.59.1121","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.59.1121","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73260565","display_name":"Reviews of Modern Physics","issn_l":"0034-6861","issn":["0034-6861","1538-4527","1539-0756"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Reviews of Modern Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091770764","display_name":"Elaine R. Cohen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2379-6112","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2379-6112"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405256118","display_name":"Rockwell International (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03sh0x419","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405256118"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Richard Cohen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rockwell International Science Center, Thousand Oaks, California 91360"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rockwell International Science Center, Thousand Oaks, California 91360","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405256118"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071826867","display_name":"Barry N. Taylor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0798-9224","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0798-9224"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405256118","display_name":"Rockwell International (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03sh0x419","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405256118"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barry N. Taylor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rockwell International Science Center, Thousand Oaks, California 91360","National Bureau of Standards Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rockwell International Science Center, Thousand Oaks, California 91360","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405256118"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Bureau of Standards Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":70.7027,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":748,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99900843,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"4","first_page":"1121","last_page":"1148"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11890","display_name":"Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11890","display_name":"Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11960","display_name":"Relativity and Gravitational Theory","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12004","display_name":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fundamental-physical-constants","display_name":"fundamental physical constants","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/codata","display_name":"CODATA","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recommended-values","display_name":"recommended values","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metrology","display_name":"metrology","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-compatibility","display_name":"data compatibility","score":0.5109999775886536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53105687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173227","display_name":"Physical constant","level":2,"score":0.6360146999359131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195766429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q394","display_name":"Metrology","level":2,"score":0.5678607821464539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5613585114479065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.495929092168808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4174841642379761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.40834635496139526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.37431013584136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.19135645031929016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.13047248125076294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08916205167770386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1103/revmodphys.59.1121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.59.1121","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.59.1121","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73260565","display_name":"Reviews of Modern Physics","issn_l":"0034-6861","issn":["0034-6861","1538-4527","1539-0756"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Reviews of Modern Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310536","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":97,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1650648280","https://openalex.org/W1658856141","https://openalex.org/W1968844195","https://openalex.org/W1975880166","https://openalex.org/W1976666347","https://openalex.org/W1979932730","https://openalex.org/W1981090780","https://openalex.org/W1986499367","https://openalex.org/W1994147686","https://openalex.org/W1995042707","https://openalex.org/W1996898926","https://openalex.org/W1998024323","https://openalex.org/W1998423073","https://openalex.org/W2000215638","https://openalex.org/W2000394791","https://openalex.org/W2001980159","https://openalex.org/W2002543079","https://openalex.org/W2003941336","https://openalex.org/W2005151847","https://openalex.org/W2005693795","https://openalex.org/W2007009205","https://openalex.org/W2008055558","https://openalex.org/W2010034531","https://openalex.org/W2010423481","https://openalex.org/W2010570206","https://openalex.org/W2010605625","https://openalex.org/W2012454369","https://openalex.org/W2013710692","https://openalex.org/W2014716209","https://openalex.org/W2018592095","https://openalex.org/W2023195285","https://openalex.org/W2024833400","https://openalex.org/W2029500133","https://openalex.org/W2033568293","https://openalex.org/W2034361963","https://openalex.org/W2035537163","https://openalex.org/W2037850294","https://openalex.org/W2038103341","https://openalex.org/W2039040711","https://openalex.org/W2041522814","https://openalex.org/W2042961728","https://openalex.org/W2043791529","https://openalex.org/W2046305841","https://openalex.org/W2047936857","https://openalex.org/W2050399681","https://openalex.org/W2056902490","https://openalex.org/W2059387540","https://openalex.org/W2059652520","https://openalex.org/W2059930922","https://openalex.org/W2061000251","https://openalex.org/W2061703173","https://openalex.org/W2062517939","https://openalex.org/W2063265581","https://openalex.org/W2064690519","https://openalex.org/W2065354129","https://openalex.org/W2068616555","https://openalex.org/W2073640026","https://openalex.org/W2075856890","https://openalex.org/W2080436898","https://openalex.org/W2083107741","https://openalex.org/W2083163428","https://openalex.org/W2085793380","https://openalex.org/W2086368297","https://openalex.org/W2088722410","https://openalex.org/W2090296656","https://openalex.org/W2092697342","https://openalex.org/W2093942713","https://openalex.org/W2102398685","https://openalex.org/W2104596849","https://openalex.org/W2105807060","https://openalex.org/W2111692635","https://openalex.org/W2128876491","https://openalex.org/W2164731779","https://openalex.org/W2224927221","https://openalex.org/W2261255536","https://openalex.org/W2277233124","https://openalex.org/W2313720061","https://openalex.org/W2318451528","https://openalex.org/W2322015662","https://openalex.org/W2327715886","https://openalex.org/W2331660538","https://openalex.org/W2333563286","https://openalex.org/W2334152293","https://openalex.org/W2565728582","https://openalex.org/W2571385219","https://openalex.org/W2593597340","https://openalex.org/W2595886022","https://openalex.org/W2596887009","https://openalex.org/W2791631455","https://openalex.org/W2801729090","https://openalex.org/W2970847021","https://openalex.org/W2996453835","https://openalex.org/W3088293568","https://openalex.org/W4236862898","https://openalex.org/W4236913261","https://openalex.org/W4251961599","https://openalex.org/W4300023862"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2312779956","https://openalex.org/W1556587736","https://openalex.org/W2168491503","https://openalex.org/W2569701805","https://openalex.org/W2118945677","https://openalex.org/W4211186737","https://openalex.org/W3097297264","https://openalex.org/W2056111007","https://openalex.org/W2585914072","https://openalex.org/W2000837180"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"One":[0],"of":[1,15,29,41,70,78,86,108,124,139],"the":[2,16,25,42,93,102,109,120,125,137,140],"early":[3],"projects":[4],"established":[5],"by":[6,53,146],"CODATA":[7,80],"was":[8,50,144],"intended":[9],"to":[10,24,67],"provide":[11],"a":[12,83,114],"recommended":[13,132],"set":[14,134],"fundamental":[17,110],"physical":[18,111],"constants,":[19],"which":[20,89,143],"are":[21],"so":[22],"important":[23],"analysis":[26],"and":[27,49,56,72],"interpretation":[28],"experimental":[30],"data":[31,74,133],"in":[32,47,59,75,96],"many":[33],"scientific":[34,71,141],"disciplines.":[35],"The":[36],"first":[37],"\"Recommended":[38],"Consistent":[39],"Values":[40],"Fundamental":[43],"Physical":[44],"Constants\"":[45],"appeared":[46],"1973":[48,103],"subsequently":[51],"adopted":[52],"most":[54],"international":[55],"national":[57],"bodies":[58],"their":[60],"own":[61],"recommendations.":[62],"This":[63],"process":[64],"has":[65],"contributed":[66],"improved":[68],"compatibility":[69],"technical":[73],"all":[76],"fields":[77],"science.":[79],"presents":[81],"here":[82],"revised":[84],"version":[85],"these":[87],"recommendations":[88],"takes":[90],"into":[91],"account":[92],"significant":[94],"advances":[95],"metrology":[97],"that":[98,130],"have":[99],"occurred":[100],"since":[101],"analysis.":[104],"\"The":[105],"1986":[106],"adjustment":[107],"constants\"":[112],"represents":[113],"5-year":[115],"effort":[116],"involving":[117],"experts":[118],"from":[119],"major":[121],"metrological":[122],"laboratories":[123],"world.":[126],"It":[127],"is":[128],"hoped":[129],"this":[131],"will":[135],"receive":[136],"acceptance":[138],"community":[142],"achieved":[145],"its":[147],"predecessor.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}