{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1970255124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-11-s6-s26","title":"Analysis of density based and fuzzy c-means clustering methods on lesion border extraction in dermoscopy images","display_name":"Analysis of density based and fuzzy c-means clustering methods on lesion border extraction in dermoscopy images","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1970255124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-11-s6-s26","mag":"1970255124","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20946610","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3026373"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1471-2105-11-s6-s26","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-11-s6-s26","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-11-s6-s26","pdf_url":"https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2105-11-S6-S26","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19032547","display_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1471-2105","issn":["1471-2105"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-c","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2105-11-S6-S26","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089852447","display_name":"Sinan Kockara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5881-1653","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5881-1653"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32038505","display_name":"University of Central Arkansas","ror":"https://ror.org/029bp0k25","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32038505"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sinan Kockara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR, USA. skockara@uca.edu","Computer Science Department, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR, USA. skockara@uca.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32038505"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32038505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046182499","display_name":"Mutlu Mete","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0600-8073","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0600-8073"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206651237","display_name":"East Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01red3556","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206651237"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mutlu Mete","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Texas A&M University-Commerce, Commerce, TX, USA","Department of Computer Science, Texas A&M University - Commerce, Commerce, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Texas A&M University-Commerce, Commerce, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206651237"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Texas A&M University - Commerce, Commerce, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206651237"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075234179","display_name":"Bernard K. Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6556-1675","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6556-1675"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32038505","display_name":"University of Central Arkansas","ror":"https://ror.org/029bp0k25","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32038505"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernard Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR, USA","Computer Science Department, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32038505"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32038505"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105413918","display_name":"Kemal Aydin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94525581","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff","ror":"https://ror.org/03zsjhd07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94525581"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kemal Aydin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR, USA","Computer Science Department, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94525581"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94525581"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046182499","https://openalex.org/A5089852447"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206651237","https://openalex.org/I32038505"],"apc_list":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"fwci":2.5983,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.894,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"S6","first_page":"S26","last_page":"S26"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.5062999725341797,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.5062999725341797,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10392","display_name":"Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management","score":0.41429999470710754,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.05640000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dermoscopic-images","display_name":"dermoscopic images","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lesion-border-detection","display_name":"lesion border detection","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dbscan","display_name":"DBSCAN","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-c-means-clustering","display_name":"fuzzy c-means clustering","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-lesion-segmentation","display_name":"skin lesion segmentation","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-cancer-diagnosis","display_name":"skin cancer diagnosis","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-aided-diagnosis","display_name":"computer-aided diagnosis","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clustering-algorithm-comparison","display_name":"clustering algorithm comparison","score":0.6240000128746033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64869954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859747","display_name":"False positive paradox","level":2,"score":0.6917749643325806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.679256796836853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6737117767333984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6368468403816223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.6016438603401184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.589611828327179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46576248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1114630","display_name":"DBSCAN","level":5,"score":0.5831451416015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5579549074172974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81669768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2359161","display_name":"Precision and recall","level":2,"score":0.544470489025116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112789634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18207010","display_name":"False positives and false negatives","level":3,"score":0.4274676740169525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17212007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5511111","display_name":"Fuzzy clustering","level":3,"score":0.40119123458862305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3895764648914337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33704608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5014717","display_name":"CURE data clustering algorithm","level":4,"score":0.11929556727409363}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008545","descriptor_name":"Melanoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017143","descriptor_name":"Fuzzy Logic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D046169","descriptor_name":"Dermoscopy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/1471-2105-11-s6-s26","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-11-s6-s26","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-11-s6-s26","pdf_url":"https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2105-11-S6-S26","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19032547","display_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1471-2105","issn":["1471-2105"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-c","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3026373","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3026373","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:20946610","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20946610","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC bioinformatics","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7c283eb30281418d9404ab470dfb607b","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7c283eb30281418d9404ab470dfb607b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics, Vol 11, Iss Suppl 6, p S26 (2010)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1471-2105-11-s6-s26","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-11-s6-s26","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-11-s6-s26","pdf_url":"https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2105-11-S6-S26","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19032547","display_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1471-2105","issn":["1471-2105"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-c","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6240000128746033}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1970255124.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1970255124.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W16865847","https://openalex.org/W44717426","https://openalex.org/W1536218705","https://openalex.org/W1596231319","https://openalex.org/W1673310716","https://openalex.org/W1972544340","https://openalex.org/W1990368529","https://openalex.org/W1991607872","https://openalex.org/W1994274519","https://openalex.org/W1999478155","https://openalex.org/W2013555846","https://openalex.org/W2017650138","https://openalex.org/W2021586009","https://openalex.org/W2022034678","https://openalex.org/W2023794106","https://openalex.org/W2024864728","https://openalex.org/W2062846327","https://openalex.org/W2069493544","https://openalex.org/W2077307030","https://openalex.org/W2083652081","https://openalex.org/W2092610111","https://openalex.org/W2101995865","https://openalex.org/W2111922314","https://openalex.org/W2113076747","https://openalex.org/W2116044718","https://openalex.org/W2116930734","https://openalex.org/W2121841037","https://openalex.org/W2121947440","https://openalex.org/W2125438684","https://openalex.org/W2133003941","https://openalex.org/W2139888281","https://openalex.org/W2165324514","https://openalex.org/W2169622208","https://openalex.org/W2611684114","https://openalex.org/W4244042913","https://openalex.org/W4253920039"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2041987633","https://openalex.org/W2032233851","https://openalex.org/W2070578616","https://openalex.org/W7098477174","https://openalex.org/W91050948","https://openalex.org/W2048473665","https://openalex.org/W2083652081","https://openalex.org/W2033870996","https://openalex.org/W1582910500","https://openalex.org/W2055431507"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Computer-aided":[1],"segmentation":[2],"and":[3,18,40,64,105,160,167,198,209,221],"border":[4,55,195,205,233],"detection":[5,56],"in":[6,43,57,232],"dermoscopic":[7],"images":[8,29,142],"is":[9,91,114,134],"one":[10,123,129],"of":[11,15,38,82,139],"the":[12,71,94,103,109,119,153,215,226],"core":[13],"components":[14],"diagnostic":[16],"procedures":[17],"therapeutic":[19],"interventions":[20],"for":[21,27,53],"skin":[22],"cancer.":[23],"Automated":[24],"assessment":[25],"tools":[26],"dermoscopy":[28,58,141],"have":[30],"become":[31],"an":[32,97],"important":[33],"research":[34],"field":[35],"mainly":[36],"because":[37],"inter-":[39],"intra-observer":[41],"variations":[42],"human":[44],"interpretation.":[45],"In":[46,70,108],"this":[47],"study,":[48],"we":[49],"compare":[50],"two":[51],"approaches":[52],"automatic":[54],"images:":[59],"density":[60],"based":[61],"clustering":[62,68,113],"(DBSCAN)":[63],"Fuzzy":[65],"C-Means":[66],"(FCM)":[67],"algorithms.":[69],"first":[72],"approach,":[73],"if":[74],"there":[75],"exists":[76],"enough":[77],"density--greater":[78],"than":[79,128],"certain":[80],"number":[81],"points--around":[83],"a":[84,88,137,148,180],"point,":[85],"then":[86],"either":[87],"new":[89],"cluster":[90,99],"formed":[92],"around":[93],"point":[95,104,125],"or":[96],"existing":[98],"grows":[100],"by":[101,147,172],"including":[102],"its":[106],"neighbors.":[107],"second":[110],"approach":[111,117,133],"FCM":[112,227],"used.":[115],"This":[116],"has":[118,222],"ability":[120],"to":[121],"assign":[122],"data":[124],"into":[126],"more":[127],"cluster.":[130],"RESULTS:":[131],"Each":[132],"examined":[135],"on":[136],"set":[138],"100":[140],"whose":[143],"manually":[144,176],"drawn":[145],"borders":[146,178],"dermatologist":[149],"are":[150,170,188],"used":[151],"as":[152,203],"ground":[154],"truth.":[155],"Error":[156],"rates;":[157],"false":[158,161],"positives":[159,166],"negatives":[162,169],"along":[163],"with":[164,175],"true":[165,168],"quantified":[171],"comparing":[173],"results":[174],"determined":[177],"from":[179,185],"dermatologist.":[181],"The":[182],"assessments":[183],"obtained":[184],"both":[186],"methods":[187],"quantitatively":[189],"analyzed":[190],"over":[191],"three":[192],"accuracy":[193],"measures:":[194],"error,":[196,206],"precision,":[197],"recall.":[199],"CONCLUSION:":[200],"As":[201],"well":[202],"low":[204],"high":[207],"precision":[208],"recall,":[210],"visual":[211],"outcome":[212],"showed":[213],"that":[214],"DBSCAN":[216],"effectively":[217],"delineated":[218],"targeted":[219],"lesion,":[220],"bright":[223],"future;":[224],"however,":[225],"had":[228],"poor":[229],"performance":[230],"especially":[231],"error":[234],"metric.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
